《四级考试阅读技》word版.doc

四级考试阅读技巧四级阅读测试一般包括4篇文章的阅读，每篇后有5道选择题。这些的类型多种多样，但归纳起来大致可分为二大类，即全域型问题（Global Question）和局域型问题（Local Question ）. Local Question一般涉及三方面内容：Subject Matter, Attitude/Tone; Local Question 涉及：Supporting Details, Inference,Vocabulary.以下，我们将针对四级考试的特点、出题范畴、出题方式等，根据这些问题在考试出题中的大致排列顺序，进行有步骤、有计划的分项应试技能训练。 关于主题思想问题（Subject Matter） Subject Matter(SM中心思想)是作者在文章中要表达的的主要内容是贯穿全文的核心。作者在文章中努力通过各种SupportingDetails来阐明中心议题。因此，把握主要思想对于全文内听理解具有重要意义。熟悉四级测试的人都知道，这类问题常被列为5题之首。然而，如何找出主题常使考生倍感棘手。因为他们总希望通过某个词或某句话就能找到答案，而找主题往往需要通读全文后才能作出判断。 针对SM问题，应采用快速阅读法（Skimming）浏览全文，理解文章主旨大意，阅读时要注意抓住中心思想的句子在文章中的位置也不同，但阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题（SM）。根据批发部在内容的不同，这类问题可分杰主题型、标题型和目的型。主题型一目了然就是找中心（Main Idea）;标题型是为文章选择标题（Title）;目的型就是推断作者的写作意图（Purpose）.这类题常见的命题方式有： （1） What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ? （2） What does this passage mainly (primarily)concerned? （3） The main theme of this passage is _. （4） The main point of the passage is_. （5） Which of the following is the best title for the passage ? （6） The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is _. （7） On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found in a textbook ? （8） The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _.（9） Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?英语四级阅读技巧-事实细节题解题规律命题规律1、列举处常考 列举处指的是 First,.,Second ,.,Third,., 等并列关系词出现的部分。要求考生从列举出的内容中 , 选出符合题干要求的答案项。列举方式有时不用数字排序 , 而是采取句式排比的方式进行。 2、 举例与打比方的地方常考 为了使自己的观点更具有说服力，更加明确 ，作者常以具体的例子来佐证。这些例子或比喻常会成为考点，因此考生应对那些引出这些例子或比喻的标志词加以注意。这类词很多，常见的有as, such, for example, for instance, a case, in point 等。 3、 （指示）代词出现处常考 这类考题 ,常用来考查考生是否真正理解上下文之间的句际关系和意义。4、 引用人物论断处常考 作者为正确表达自己观点或使论点更有依据 , 常会引用某些权威人士的论断或采纳其重要发现等。命题者常在此处作文章。 5、 特殊标点符号后的内容常考 由于特殊标点符号后的内容常是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明， 因此命题者常对标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体说，特殊标点符号包括：破折号（表解释），括号（表解释），冒号（表解释），引号（表引用）。答题技巧若针对举例子、引用名人言论、特殊符号 ( 如冒号、引号、破折号 ) 后内容出题 , 可只读例子、名人言论、符号前后句内容 , 然后与选项对号入座。例题：CET4 1999 年1月第2篇 President collision stagnant, The business of America is b11sines,still point to an important truth today -that business institution have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Q: The statement The business of America is business” probably means_. Athe business institution in America are concerned with commerce Bbusiness problems are of great importance to the American government hinnies Cbusiness is of primary concern to Americans DAmerica is a great power in world business 正确答案是 C 根据引号及其内容很快找到原文相关部分，其后的破折号必是对该句的解释。因此考生不必在原文所引内容的两个business为何意上绞尽脑汁，只须理解破折号后内容，其意思是：美国商业机构在美国社会中享有的威望比包括政府在内的其他所有机构都要高。这个意思与选项 C中的primary concern(头等大事)相对应，故选C。如果题目只是针对某一段的内容提间，可只看该段内容即可答题，而不必等到把文章全看完才做。例题： CET6 2002年12月第29题 In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states; average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers compensation system, it s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie. Q: After 1972 workers compensation insurance in the U.S became more favorable to workers so that_. Athe poverty level for a family of four went up drastically Bmore money was allocated to their compensation system Cthere were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims Dthe number of workers suing for damages increased 正确答案是 D 根据题干中的after 1972可马上判断出线索在最后一段。这一段的大意是说自1972年后，越来越多的人因工伤索赔而获益，所以越来越多的人就进行索赔，那么也就有医生和律师也来分一杯羹。尤其第二句话提到：索赔获益每增加10个百分点，进行索赔的工人人数就增加了5个百分点，与D一致。选项中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义词替换的选项一般是答案。例题：CET4 1997年6月第3篇 Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31a.m.on a holiday when traffic was light on the city s highways. In addition, changes made to the constructions codes in Los Angeles during the last 2O years have strengthened the city s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to earthquake. Q: One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that_. Anew computers had been installed in the buildings Bit occurred in the residential rather than on the highways Clarge numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday Dimprovements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways 正确答案是 D 在四个选项中C项和D都与原文有关。但C达似乎照抄原文“the quake occurredon a holiday”，但实际上是对原文的曲解。原文中并没有说大多Los Angeles的居民们外出度假了，只是说了当时的交通情况。而选项D中的improvement 是对“change made to the construction codes”的解释，是change在该文中的同义替换词，因此D是正确答案。 选项中表达意义较具体，或肤浅地表达了字面意思的，一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。例题：CET4 2000年1月第1篇 Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1)How likely the event is; and 2)How bad the consequences are if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Q: What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth? AIt is very unlikely but the danger exists. BSuch a collision might occur every 25 years. C Collision smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected. D It s still ear1y to say whether such a collision might occur. 正确答案是 A 依据节选文中最后一句可知虽然小行星每 50 万年才撞击地球一次 , 但此事总是有可能发生的。在四个选项中 , 只有 A 项 小行星与地球碰撞的可能性不大 , 但这种危险是存在的 最具概括性。因此 A 项正确。选项内容与其他三项有较大差别的 , 可能为答案。 例题：CET4 1996年6月第3篇 Most our patients(注:指上文中提到的terminally ill patients) welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near. Q: The need of a dying patient for company shows_. Ahis desire for communication with other people Bhis fear of approaching death Chis pessimistic attitude towards his condition Dhis reluctance to part with his family 正确答案是 A 若时间不充分，在紧急状态下，对四个选项进行对比后可发现选项A内容与众不同，其他三 项均表明了对死亡来临时悲观的心情，如恐惧、悲观、不情愿等，只有A表明了渴望与他人交流的意愿。当然若时间充分可对原文相关部分进行分析， 以选文第一句为例，其意为：多数病人想与他人坦诚地谈谈自己的麻烦和困惑。由此可见，这是一种对交流的渴望，因而选A。 答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案。这些语气词有 :must, always, never, the most,al1,merely,only,have to, any, no, completely, none, hardly 等。而选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有： could, may, often, should, usually, might, most(大多数),more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily等。在议论文中那些符合一般常识的选项，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般性规律，属于普通现象的选项往往是答案项。 例题：CET6 2002年1月第30题 It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign(良性的) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this. Q: The primary solution to environmental problems is_. Ato allow market forces to operate properly Bto curb consumption of natural resources Cto limit the growth of the world population Dto avoid fluctuations in prices 正确答案是 A 本题题干是问解决环境问题的基本方法是什么，四个选项中D项“避免价格波动”与题干无关，B项“限制自然资源的消耗”和C项“控制世界人口的增长”虽然有利于环境问题的解决，但不是基本解决方法。故A项为正确答案。由文章最后一段话说：在价格和市场手段不能正常运转的地方便会出现环境、能源等问题，可以推出：环境问题的解决之道便在于让市场、价格手段正常地发挥作用，从而验证A项正确。 细节题干扰项特点：(1)与原句内容相反；(2)与原文内容一半相同一半不同；(3)与原句内容相似但过于绝对化；(4)原文中根本没提到。 自我测试一：Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds half brain sleep is just the tip of the iceberg(冰山).He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.Q: By just the tip of the iceberg, Siegel suggests that_. Ahalf brain sleep has something to do with icy weather Bthe mystery of half brain sleep is close to being solved Cmost birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers Dhalf brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species 参考答案： 答案为D。根据引号内容很快找到原文相关部分，其后的内容必是对该问的解释。第二句中说加州大学洛杉矶分校的Ferome M. Siegel推测鸟类的半脑睡眠现象只是冰山露出来的一角。第三句说如果我们对其他物种作进一步认真仔细的观察，可能会发现更多的例证，所以D正确。因此只要理解第二句、第三句的意思即可选出正确答案。 这一题是属于考特殊标点符号后的内容自我测试二：1.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least. Q: According to the passage, people wearing uniforms_. Aare usually helped Bhave little or no individual freedom Ctend to lose their individuality Denjoy greater popularity2. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. Q: The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that_. Atheir social roles are rigidly determined Bmost boys would like to follow their fathers professions Cboys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers Dthey like challenging activities 3. When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the towns 2,305 students as victims of stingy（吝啬的）taxpayers. There is some truth to that; the property tax rate here is one third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaskas educators and the states largest teachers union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur Passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the states share of school funding. Q: We learn from the Passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded_. Amainly by the state government Bexclusively by the local government Cby the National Education Association Dby both the local and state government 参考答案： 1.答案是C。在时间不充裕情况下，我们粗略对照原文，发现对“穿制服”的讨论与individuality有关。四个选项中，B和C涉及这一内容，而刨项中由于使用“little”和“no”使语气过于绝对，C项则使用语气较为缓和的“tend to”，因此可确定C为正确答案。但是切记，若时间来得及，一定要返回原文有关部分验证答案，原文大意是：反对穿制服者的基本观点是制服缺少多样化，因此会使穿制服的人也失去个性。答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案。2.答案是A。四个选项中，A项与其他几项相比符合人们对男女角色的普遍认识，而其他三项都有偏颇之处。 再返回原文，就在题干所涉及的句子之后，出现了A项关键词“social roles，rigidly determined”等，再次验证A， 因而选A。议论文中符合一般常识的选项，富有深刻哲理，符合一般规律的选项。3.快速阅读本段可知答案在A、B、D选项中，选项A和选项B说得过于绝对，D项用了bothand句型，所以D为正确答案。但是，如果时间来得及，一定要到原文中验证答案。由本段第一句话中“students as victims of stingy taxpayers”和第二句话中提到的当地的税率较低这一点可知，当地的教育经费一部分来自于地方的税收；再由本段最后一句话中“the states share of school funding”可知，州政府也分担教育经费。故验证D为正确答案。答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案。大学英语四六级考试快速阅读技巧三则阅读课是一门主课.它的目的是扩大阅读范围,增加词汇数量,提高阅读速度,丰富语言知识,增强英语语感,培养学生独立阅读和广泛阅读的能力,为达到此目的,如果只是采用传统的阅读方法,通过学习词汇和进行语法分析来学习阅读是收不到预期效果的,只有通过学习阅读技巧,才能达到提高阅读理解能力和提高阅读速度的目的.因此下面我们探讨一下快速阅读技巧.所谓快速阅读就是利用视觉运动的规律,通过一定的方法训练,在较短的时间里阅读大量的书报资料的一种科学的学习方法.快速阅读这一概念的内涵应有以下几个属性构成:阅读文学材料的快速性阅读文学材料的无声性阅读方法的科学性1.阅读文学材料的快速性要想达到此目的,关键是眼肌能训练,即用特殊方法,使眼肌能灵活自如,达到视角,视幅,视停,视移等视觉最佳状态.使视线如行云流水般地快速阅读,训练方法可按手指法(即目光随着手指左右,上下移动,头不要摇动),图谱法(如点,圆,抛物线等图形目光沿着图形而快速移动),词谱法,投影仪进行快速阅读的基本功训练.当眼肌能训练适应之后,可采用快速阅读初级方法之一:跳读法.所谓跳读法就是指眼光从一个字群跳到另一个字群进行识读(字群是由多个单词组成的)这个过程眼球按凝视-跳跃-凝视的程序进行连续,不断运动,如:The man in /the brown coat/was reading a book.当跳读练习熟练之后,我们可进行练习扩大视力识读文字的单位面积的训练.首先进行五个单词的练习,练习是主视区总应放在中间,也就是主视中间的3个单词,两边单词用余视力扫视.如:/We/have a colour/TV在练习五个单词达到熟练之后,就可加宽视区练习,一下看六个单词,七个单词,甚至达到九个单词,逐渐加宽视区范围,延长目光移视长度,这样就能缩短凝视时间,达到快速阅读的目的.2.阅读文字材料的无声性上面我们介绍的只是快速阅读的先决条件,速读的关键还在于无声训练,在阅读速度上,无声要比有声快,这是因为有声阅读是眼,脑,口,耳四个器官一起活动,文字符号反映到眼睛,再传到大脑,大脑命令嘴发音,耳在监听辨别正确与否.而无声阅读只是运用眼和脑两大器官,省去了口的发音和耳朵的监听,因而它的速度要快,快速阅读的信息变换方式为:书面信息-眼睛扫描信息-大脑记忆中枢的信息.因此我们应用特殊的方法和手段消除读音和心音,特殊手段就是用自身单声调鼻音,单声调心声或外界背景音乐抵消并消除读音和心音的手段,对特殊顽固的不发音不能阅读的人,还可用一套自创歌曲,边唱边