2012年职称英语考试 综合类 阅读理解与完形填空 小抄 完整版.doc

第一篇 telling tales about people 讲述关于人们的故事one of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about peoples lives. these stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.1. this passage is mostly about the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies 2. helen keller wrote an autobiography.3. autobiography writers are not always objective because they want to present themselves in a good light. 4. the writer introduces each category in the passage by defining it.5. diverse means varied or different _.a. able to swim in deep water b. similar or alike c. varied or different d. enjoying poetry第二篇outside-the-classroom learning makes a big difference 课外学习带来很大不同putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 dance marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. when you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.1. an extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student leaders will not take an interest in it.2.american students join campus organizations mostly for gaining experience.3.who is katie rowley? shes a senior student.4.what do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end? passion.5.the phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by polish.第三篇milosevics death 梅洛舍维奇之死former yugoslav leader slobodan milosevic was found dead last saturday in his cell at the hague-based international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia. the 64-year-old had been on trial there since february 2002.1.where did milosevic die? in prison.2.which of the following is not true of the young milosevic?he was extremely ambitious.3. all of the following persons in one way or another changed his fate except his parents.4. why was milosevic sent to kosovo in 1989? to remove the serbians fears that they were discriminated against.5.what happened in 1991? yugoslavia broke up.第四篇feast on turkey and good wishes at thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福four weeks ago us children dressed as monsters and asked for sweets. that was halloween. in a few weeks american houses will be red and green and filled with presents, for christmas. 1. on halloween, children in the united states often dress up as ghosts.2.when are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten？on thanksgiving .3.thanksgiving is the time for the american people to thank god for providing them with comfortable and happy lives.4.many children in the united states like thanksgiving because they can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food.5. the first pilgrims settled in america in 1620.第五篇sino-japan animosity lessens 中日敌意减少chinese and japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on wednesday at a press conference in beijing.1.which of the following statements about the survey is true? the survey found that people in both china and japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important.2.according to the passage, the beijing-tokyo forum aims at promoting communication between the two countries.3.in the last year, 30.2% of ordinary chinese and 43.2% of chinese students have a positive impression of japan.4.which of the following is not mentioned as the major obstacles to improving bilateral ties? trade frictions5. the survey found that an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believed that the civil exchanges were an important way to improve relations.第六篇tv shows and long bus trips 看电视与长途汽车旅行long bus rides are like television shows. they have a beginning, a middle, and an end with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. the commercials are unavoidable. they happen whether you want them or not. every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. 1.according to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip? advertisements on billboards.2.what is the purpose of this passage? to talk about the similarities between long bus trips and tv shows.3.the writer of this passage would probably favor no billboards along the road.4. the writer feels long bus rides are like tv shows because they both have a beginning , a middle , and an end, with commercials in between.5. the writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are exciting.第七篇 modern sun worshippers 现代日光浴崇拜者people travel for a lot of reasons. some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines. others are looking for culture, or simply want to have their pictures taken in front of famous places. 1.the writer seems to imply that europeans travel mostly for the reason that they wish to escape from the cold, dark and rainy days back at home.2.in paragraph 2, cities like london, copenhagen, and amsterdam are mentioned to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate.3.according to the passage, which of the following countries attracts more tourists than the others? spain.4.the latter half of the last sentence in paragraph 3, i.e., or one tourist for every person living in spain means every year almost as many tourists visit spain as there are people living in that country.5.according to the passage, which of the following factors might spoil the tourists fun at mediterranean resorts and beaches? rainy weather .第八篇 the changing middle class 变化中的中产阶级the united states perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. however，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges. it is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after world war ii. 1. the information in this passage deals with a social and economic group.2. a common middle class value is that the family is very important.3. ln the years after world war ii，the middle class could be defined as prosperous and optimistic.4. the phrase “in other words in the first paragraph means that the following statement is a restatement of the previous idea.5. the word collectively means as a group.第九篇single-parent kids do best 单亲幼儿最出色single mums are better at raising their kids than two parents - at least in the bird world. mother zebra finches have to work harder and raise fewer chicks on their own, but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to1.with which of the following statements would the author probably agree? two-parent families produce less attractive children.2.according to the passage, in what way does family conflict affect the quality of the offspring? the young males get less care.3.what is the relationship between paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? experiment and result.4.according to hartley, which of the following is not influenced by sexual conflict? the offsprings body size.5.according to the passage, people believe that a females reproductive strategy is influenced by ecological factors.第十篇 a letter from alan 艾伦的来信i have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called parsons place by the football ground. few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town. 1. why has alan written this letter? to inform other people about the builders plans.2. why is parsons place particularly important，in alans opinion? because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature. 3. what will cause traffic jams? a building on parsons place.4. alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon have less money5. which of these posters has alan made? say no to houses on parson s place 第十一篇 the development of ballet 芭蕾舞的发展ballet is a dance form that has a long history. the fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.1. this passage deals mainly with the way ballet developed2. an important influence in early ballet was louis xiv3. you can conclude from this passage that ballet will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it4. the information in this passage is presented in chronological order5. the word pageants means elaborate shows第十二篇smuggling 走私it is not unusual for a pet to be sent by air cargo from columbia to new york, but last decembers shipment of a 4-year-old sheep dog caught a new york kennedy airport customs inspectors eye . 1.the dog was different from others in that it had a very big abdomen.2.how many methods are used to transport drugs? as many as a smuggler can think of.3.how many pounds of heroin were estimated to be smuggled into the united states in 1994? 25,770.4.which of the following could best replace the expression small fry in the third paragraph? small smugglers.5.what is this article about? varied drug transportation methods.第十三篇the barbie dolls 芭比娃娃in the mid 1940s, the young ambitious duo ruth and elliot handler, owned a company that made wooden pictures frames. 1.when ruth and elliot handler were young, they had a strong desire to be highly successful.2.who owned mattel? harold mattson, ruth and elliot handler.3.it can be inferred from the second paragraph that lilli was fashioned after build.4.where did ruth handlers inspiration for the design of the barbie doll come from? lilli.5.which of the following statements is not true of the barbie doll? she does not attract young men.第十四篇sleep 睡眠we all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 78 hours sleep alternating with some 1617 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. 1.the question raised in paragraph 1 is “no mere academic one because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.2.according to the passage, the main problem about night work is that your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.3.according to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be to employ people who will always work at night.4.in the second paragraph, the third means the third week.5.in the last sentence of the second paragraph, another means another routine.第十五篇orbital space plane 轨道航天飞机while scientists are searching the cause of the columbia disaster, nasa is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would1 replace shuttles on space station missions by 2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.1. the orbital space craft has been designed for carrying astronauts to the international space station.2.from the passage we know that the design of the orbiter indicates nasas determination to continue its space exploration projects.3.when did the scientists start working on a successor to the shuttle? years before the explosion of columbia.4.besides the main missions stipulated by nasa, the orbiter would also be used as a space ambulance.5.according to the passage, the funds, if granted, would be equally shared by the two projects under space launch initiative.第十六篇 the sahara 撒哈拉沙漠the name sahara derives from the arabic word for desert or steppe. at 3. 5 million square miles，an area roughly the size of the united states，the sahara desert in northern africa is the largest desert in the world. 1. this passage is mostly about life in the sahara.2. rainfall in most of the sahara is less than five inches per year 3. the sahara can be described as a place of contrasts4. the phrase an area roughly the size of the united states gives an indication of the size of the sahara5. in this passage caravan means group traveling together through difficult country第十七篇eiffel is an eyeful 引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔some 300 meters up, near the eiffel towers wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble . japanese, brazilians, americans they graffiti4 their names, loves and politics on the cold iron transforming the most french of monuments into symbol of a world on the move5.1.why does the author think the eiffel tower is transformed into symbol of a world on the move? tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the cold iron of the tower.2. what seems strange to the author? visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view.3. which statement is not true of hugues richard? he climbed 747 steps up the tower in 19minutes and 4 seconds.4. what did the builder use the eiffel tower for? conducting research in various fields.5. which of the following is nearest in meaning to (the eiffel tower is like) a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will? visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents.第十八篇goal of american education 美国教育的目标education is an enormous and expensive part of american life. its size is matched by its variety.1.which of the following best states the goal of american education? to give every student the opportunity to fully develop his/her ability.2.it is implied in the passage that the subjects every student takes may vary.3.american schools place great emphasis on the learners acquisition of the ability to be creative.4.according to the passage, american education meets the needs of all the following except the students from foreign countries.5. which of the following best states the feature of american education that makes it different from education in other countries? its underlying goal to develop every childs abilities to the fullest extent.*第十九篇 the family 家庭the structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. the familys form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. 1. another good title for this passage would be what makes a family? 2. a nuclear family is defined as a married couple with their minor children3. the information in this passage would most likely be found in an anthropology textbook4. the information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through pointing out similarities5. the word mobility means readiness to move*第二十篇 tales of the terrible past 讲述可怕的过去it is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner，storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. 1. this passage is mostly about two novels that deal with slavery2. beloved is set in ohio after the civil war3. the writer seems to feel that the books are worthwhile but challenging4. the writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their portrayal of violence5. the word appalling means terrible 第二十一篇 spacing in animals 动物的空间距离flight distanceany observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “flight distance is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. 1.which of the following is the most appropriate definition of flight distance？ distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing.2.if an animals critical distance is penetrated, it will begin to attack.3.according to the passage, social distance refers to psychological distance.4.which of the following could best replace the word band in we can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group (in paragraph 3)? strip of land.5.the example of the children holding hands when crossing the street in the last paragraph shows that social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors.第二十二篇 some things we know about language 我们知道的关于语言的一切事情many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. but some things we do know.1.in the second paragraph the author thinks that any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.2. according to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have complicated languages.3.the author has used american indian languages as an example to show that they are just as sophisticated as some well-known languages.4.which of the following statements is incorrect? some languages are better than other languages.5.according to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in vocabulary第二十三篇the only way is up 只好向上think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. it is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. it is true that some cities dont permit buildings to go above a certain height. 1.“these are cities concerned with the past in the first paragraph refer to cities that want to maintain their traditional image.2.the difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in the lack of a device to carry people upward.3. when otis came up with the idea of a lift, most people had doubt about its safety.4.which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now? uninteresting.5.psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.第二十四篇 clone farm 克隆农场factory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production. companies in the us are developing the technology needed to clone chickens on a massive scale. 1.which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph? cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.2.which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research? the uss national institute of science and technology.3.in the third paragraph, by saying“producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there”，mike fitzgerald means tha