应用文写作方 法指导

-精选财经经济类资料- 应用文写作方法指导 应用文写作方法指导：高等学校英语应用能力考试写作部分除了翻译以外，主要考察考生套写应用性短文的能力。应用文的写作包括书信、公函、契约、合同、通知、海报、请柬、备忘录、电子邮件、便条、个人履历等。应用文的语言、格式根据不同的内容、目的和要求有所不同。应用文的一个鲜明的特点就是语言精炼、文字准确。它有基本固定的格式。在撰写应用文时，应注意各种不同文体在格式和语言上的要求。1） 书信.英文书信一般包括下面几个部分：书信的格式是最基本的格式，许多其他的应用文格式都是以书信为基础。1. 写信人的地址，写信日期，写在右上角。2称呼。3. 正文。4. 结束语。5. 署名。Sample1 .letter of Thanks 在接受了别人的帮助、款待，或接受了别人的帮助之后，应及时写一封感谢信表达自己的谢意。感谢信用词要真诚、简要，不要太过夸大其词。May 6, 2010Dear Mary,I am deeply grateful to you and your husband for the gift you sent me on my 30th birthday.I like it very much, and I was very excited when I received your gift. It was very kind of you to do all this for me and I appreciate it more than I can say.Yours sincerelyTinaSample2letter of Apology 由于各种原因给别人造成不便、遗憾或损失及伤害时，应该写一封信道歉信表示歉意。在信的开头，应先道歉，在解释原因。道歉的用词要诚恳、所说的原因要让人信服、易于让人接受。May 9 ，2010Dear Tina,I am pretty sorry that I didnt attend your 30th birthday party. I wanted to take part in it very much., but unfortunately I caught a bad cold on these days and I was sent to the hospital to haveinjections. Please excuse me for my absence.Sincerely yoursJessicaSample 3letter of complaint 投诉信主要用于向有关部门或人员反映问题的信件。写投诉信时，要开门见山地指出问题所在及希望解决这些问题的方式、方法。陈述要准确简洁，提出要求要有理有据、让人 信服。July 6.2010Dear sir,I ordered 3 cans of cola.2 gallons of milk, but you sent 2 cans of cola 3 gallons of milk. I want you to call me at 666-6572 when you are free and replace the things I want.LindaSample 4Letter ofInvitation 一般来说，邀请信的格式分为两种，非正式的一般邀请信和正规格式的邀请信，即请柬。 邀请信有固定的格式，在信中要把邀请对方的活动内容、时间、地点表达清楚，使人一目了然，不能让人捉摸不定，模糊不清。June 6.2010Dear Windy,We are going to have a party to celebrate my daughters 18th birthday. As you know, after that,she is gong to be an adult. We want you and Anderson to come and celebrate it. Its next Friday, June 11, at 6:00 p.m. in our house.I expect with great pleasure seeing you both.Truly yoursTomSample 5Letter of Congratulation祝贺信主要用于庆贺亲戚朋友结婚、生育、生日、晋升等，或在节假日向朋友致以节日的问候。 祝贺信语言要亲切，给人以真挚和温馨的感觉，不能夸大其辞，否则会给人留下虚假的印象。套语的使用要得当，不能太过刻板。September 11，2010Dear Rosemary,Please accept my heartiest congratulation on your recent promotion and We have been watching your hard work in the past few years. Now, you got it, and you deserve it. We all feel really happy for you and We hope you get greater success in the near future.LoveKarenSample 6letter of Comfort 当亲人或朋友生病或出意外的时候，写一封慰问信表达同情和安慰，以缓解对方的焦虑、压力和难过的心情。因此，慰问信的书写一定要亲切、真诚、让人看了倍感温暖。December 12, 2010Dear Judy,I am terribly sorry to know that you were injured in a car accident on your way back home. It relieved me that you were not hurt very seriously ,and the car-driver was also caught by the policeman . I hope you have a good rest at home and recover soon. If I can do anything for you, dont hesitate to tell me.I sincerely hope you will get well soon.YoursDian信内地址的写法：1 写信人的地址在右上角。2 收信人的地址在左边称呼的上面。3 日期写在写信人的地址下端。2) 通知与海报通知与海报主要用于公布活动信息、重要活动的时间、地点等的安排；因此，其语言应简洁、明确、清晰，写作格式也可灵活多样。通知、海报一般由标题、正文、落款等组成。标题一般都是notice和 poster或是announcement，也可根据具体不同的内容来定。正文中要用比较清楚的语言说明活动的内容、时间、地点、注意事项等。正文后是落款，包括出通知与海报的部门和日期。Sample 1.A NoticeNoticeMr. Johnson from Nanjing University will give us a speech on international environmental protection at 8:30 a.m. , Thursday , June 9.2010. All the students in Chemistry Department are required to come to the lecture on time. No absence is allowed.Chemistry DepartmentJune 8. 2010Sample 2. A PosterAPosterINTERNATIONAL TABLETENNIS MATCHChina vs. KoreaPlace :City StadiumTime :8:30 a.m. ,June 20Fare:50yuanfor eachTicket office: The Students Union3)电子邮件电子邮件的格式如下：1. “To” : 收邮件的部门或个人。2. “From”: 发邮件的部门或个人。3. “Date” : 发邮件的如期。4. “Subject”: 主题5. 邮件内容。To:liming From: Mary Smith Date: Mon. June .15, 2010Subject: Re: Reservation of the Hotel for Mr. LimingDear Liming,Welcome to Nanjing,We have already booked a room for you at the Hilton Hotel for you, which is 15kilometers away from the Airport, and it is just 3 kilometers away from our college. So it will be very convenient for you to go there by taxi and also to come to our company. As for our business negotiation, we would like to talk about it on the following day.Contact us if necessary, and we hope you have a very good journey.Sincerely yoursMaryThe East Company4)备忘录 作为一种非正式的公文形式，备忘录是在单位内部为发放通知、联系工作、管理有关工作人员或下级部门对上级部门所使用的一种简短书面交流形式。备忘录的主要目的是针对某一事情提醒、监督、通知本单位内部的相关人员。备忘录的格式一般采用以下形式:1. 上端的中间写上标题“Memorandum” or “Memo”2. “To” : 收阅人的姓名或者职务，可以免除头衔和称谓。3. “From” :写发文人的姓名。一般情况下可以免写职务，免称谓。4. “Date”: 日期，写在信笺的右上角或左边排列当中。5. “Subject” ：用简短的语言对备忘录的内容进行概括。6. “Body” ： 备忘录可以免称呼，免客套用语。语言简洁明了，篇幅短小精悍，常用非正式用语。7. “Reference Initials” :撰写人姓名首字母，如 “JM” 等。Sample:MemoTo : All studentsFrom: Mr. ChenDate: July 4. 2010Subject : The class disciplineAll the students should have the evening class from 7p.m. to 8p.m. on Mondaystill Fridays. No one should be absent. Anyone who asks for leave should call Mr. Wang inadvance.If there is any questions, please consult the Dean Office.5) 便条 便条的写作比较简单，只需要把事情说明白即可，要注意以下几点内容。1 必须写有收条人的称谓，熟