被动语态构成及用法详解.doc

被动语态用法详解 tense主动语态被动语态一般现在时be+v.v.samisare+v(p.p)一般将来时willbe going tobe (about)to+v.will be +v(p.p)现在进行时amisare+v.ingamisare+being+v(p.p)一般过去时waswerev.edwaswere+v(p.p)现在完成时havehas+v.p.phavehas+been+v(p.p)过去完成时had+v.p.phad+been+v(p.p)过去进行时waswere+v.ingwaswere+being+v(p.p)情态动词情态动词+v.情态动词+be+v(p.p)被动语态牢记一点， be加动词过去分词。 分析句中主和谓， 承受者作主语即被动。 短语动词不可忘介、副词。 另有不及物动词， 只有主动无被动。 还要注意其时态， 与主动语态全相同。不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）： appear, die（死亡）,disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. after the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 （错）the price has been risen. （对）the price has risen. （错）the accident was happened last week. （对）the accident happened last week. （错）the price has raised. （对）the price has been raised. （错）please seat. （对）please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to this key just fits the lock. 3）系动词无被动语态（“keep”除外）： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn it sounds good. 4）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life she dreamed a bad dream last night. 5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 （对）she likes to swim. （错）to swim is liked by her. 有些动词可以带双宾语在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以带双宾语。在这种情况下，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to, etc.。 即：s+v+io+do io+ be done +do do+ be done + prep. +ioe.g. 1) my uncle gave mea gifton my birthday. iwas given a gifton my birthday. a giftwas given tomeon my birthday. 2) we often hear himplay guitar. heis often heard to1play guitar. itis often heard fromhimto play guitar. 新被动语态get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如： the man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 how did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？ 注意:有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如 we heard him singin his room just now. -he was heard to sing in his room just now. 刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。 need doing something也表示被动 一、 被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 our classroom is cleaned everyday. i am asked to study hard by my mother. knives are used for cutting things. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 a new shop was built last year. dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 this book has been translated into many languages. many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 a new hospital will be built in our city. many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 young trees must be watered often. your mistakes should be corrected right now. the door may be locked inside. your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 uncle wang is mending my bike now. my bike is being repaired by tom now. they are planting trees over there. trees are being planted over there by them. 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 there are two books to be read. there are twenty more trees to be planted. 二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态？把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤： 1. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语； 2. 谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态； 3. 主动语态的主语变为介词“by”的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时“by”的短语可以省略）； 例：1. bruce writes a letter every week. a letter is written by bruce every week. 2. li lei mended the broken bike this morning.the broken bike was mended by li lei this morning. 3. he has written two novels so far.two novels have been written by him so far. 4. they will plant ten trees tomorrow.ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. lucy is writing a letter now.a letter is being written by lucy now. 6. you must lock the door when you leave.the door must be locked when you leave. 三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 what will happen in 100 years. the dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 this pen writes well. this new book sells well. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“to”。 例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do something a girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.my wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. the boss made the little boy do heavy work.the little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 he gave me a book.a book was given to me by him. he showed me a ticket.a ticket was shown to me by him. my father bought me a new bike. a new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整