高一英语句法讲义.doc2.doc

专业好文档高一英语句法讲义第一部分简单句的五种基本类型讲解和练习简单句：如果句中只有一个主谓结构，而且各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，称为简单句。如：my father goes to work at 8:00 every day. 我的爸爸每天八点钟去上班。you can go swimming tomorrow. 你们可以明天去游泳。they went to beijing last week. 他们上个星期去北京了。my mother and i like eating fish. 我和妈妈都爱吃鱼。句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、宾语和状语等组成的，依照其组合方式，简单句为五种基本句型。一、英译汉1.我想把王同志介绍给你。 2.依我看，他在浪费时间。 3.由于大火的结果，成千上万的人失去了家园。 4.你能说英语，我也能。 5.学生们一路上不停地说笑。6.我妈妈叫我做作业，而不是洗碗。 7.在公共场合，不允许人们吸烟。 8.昨天下午我妈在那家商店给我买了橡皮、小刀和铅笔盒等。 9.你怎样在夏天把水变成冰呢？ 10.我英语发音方面有些困难。 11.你打算到北京呆多久呢？ 12.祝你在深圳玩得愉快。 13.这顶帽子是由手工而不是机器做的。 14.明天晚上我要到机场去送我姨妈。 15.在我的家乡过去大量的小树被砍掉了。 16.所有的学生都必须遵守校规。 17.事实上，我非常喜欢学英语。 18.有时，英语口语完全不同于英语书面语。 19.我可以看一看那张照片吗？ 20.每年我花费二百元买书。 二、单项选择1. whos that at the door? _is john.a. itb. hec. thisd. that2. _is a boy. _name is jack.a. he, herb. he, himc. he, hisd. him, his3. they are sitting in _classroom now.a. themb. theirc. theirsd. they4. marys answer is different form _, but i really agree with_.a. his, herb. his, hersc. him, hersd. him, her5. the greens garden is larger than_.a. web. usc. oursd. our6. this is my shirt, i think that one is_.a. youb. yourc. yoursd. our7. _are classmates.a. meimei and ib.i and meimeic.i and youd.i and she8. is this _book, kate?no. ask that girl. i think its _.a. yours, herb. your, hersc. your, herd. yours, hers9. i cant find my eraser. may i use_?a. youb. yourc. yoursd. yourself10. were very busy because we have so _books to read and so _work to do every day. a. a lot, muchb. many, muchc. many, a lotd. much, many11. we like _very much.a. heb. hisc. himd. himself12. is this guitar_?a. yoursb. yourc. shed. her13. whats that in english, _is an egg.a. thisb. that c. it d. they14. i want some bananas. give me these big_.a. oneb. onesc. somed. any15. why dont you get _to read?a. somethingb. everythingc. anythingd. nothing16. _of us wanted to play the game again.a. much moreb. manyc. many ad. much17. i have six color pencils, one is blue, another is red, and _are green.a. othersb. anotherc. the others d. the other18. these cups are ours. those are_.a. othersb. othersc. othersd. other19. there isnt _water in the bottle.a. anyb. somec. nod. not20. the text is easy for you. there are _new words in it.a. fewb. a fewc. littled. a little21. _of my parents has ever read the book.a. neitherb. eitherc. noned. both22. money isnt_.a. anythingb. everythingc. nothingd. something23. i asked him of some oil, but he hadnt_.a. anyb. somec. nod. anything24. show me some_.a. anotherb. other c. others d. the other25. may i have _noodles?a. any b. somec. othersd. much26. there is _milk in that shop today.a. nob. any c. notd. many27. i am _teacher.a. hisb. he c. she d. hers28. are you _from america?a. someb. either c. alld. neither29. can you wait for _minutes?no, we must hurry up, we have _time left.a. a little, fewb. few, a littlec. a few, littled. a little, little30. everyone in the village could make shoes _, but _didnt wear their own shoes.a. himself, they b. oneself, one c. themselves, theyd. themselves, none三、口头翻译下列句子，标出句子的主语和谓语。1. he is standing by the sea.2. a yellow cat was sitting in the tree.3. he often walked in the rain before.4. they are still reading in the classroom.5. i can write with your help.6. tom sometimes eats at school.7. we still live in harbin.8. mary is lying on the grass in the sun.9. can you swim?10. my mother is waiting at the school gate.11. my mother always drinks too much.12. you must exercise every morning.13. mr. lee is running like a horse.14. the girl in red is dancing with kate.15. the traffic light is changing from red to green.16. he surfs on the sea four times a week.17. they are winning by 2-0.18. she was singing in f.19. some children are playing in the park.20. it was raining hard last night.四、标出下列句子的直接宾语和间接宾语。1. can you do me a favor?2. lei feng set us a good example.3. he found me my bike.4. tom lent her some money.5. ill write you a letter tonight.6. they brought us some food.7. can you answer me the questions?8. she asked mr. lee a lot of question.9. tom threw him the ball quickly.10. mr smith drew his son a picture.11. last night my father told tom and me an interesting story.12. mother often cooks them a nice supper on sunday.13. in class our teacher sang us students an english song.14. can you show us another pair?15. miss lee taught them chinese last year.16. the man gave the dog some food.17. she passed tom some cheese.18. my uncle bought me a dictionary.19. well make her a kite.20. please get us some ice cream.五、标出下列句子的系动词。1. we should keep cool.2. when did you become a teacher?3. how nice the meet smells!4. kfc tastes nice.5. trees turn yellow in autumn.6. the weather gets warmer in spring.7. the beef goes bad now.8. going to the zoo sounds great.9. you look younger than i.10. i feel much better tonight.11. its eight thirty in the morning.12. where were you yesterday?13. well be ok soon.14. her hobby is reading books.15. she must be at home now.16. tom will be in england tomorrow.17. he cant be there now.18. my father was a policeman.19. we are fine today.20. when will you be back?六、标出下列句子的宾语补足语。1. we must keep the room clean.2. internet makes our life better.3. the teacher found the boy clever.4. they get everything ready in time.5. youd better leave the door open.6. do you like your tea weak or strong?7. we must keep it a secret.8. they made him captain of the ship.9. i find him a good student.10. we call her jane.11. mr. lee found her at home.12. please make yourself at home.13. we can hear them at work.14. did you find them in?15. i find mr. smith away.16. do you find her back?17. we found him outside.18. his words made me unhappy.19. mother named the dog billy.20. you should keep yourself happy.第二部分并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。并列句中：1.表并列关系的 由and,both.and,as well as,not only.but (also),neither.nor等组成。 she not only sings but also dance. 2.表转折关系的 与but,however（然而），while(然而），still,yet等连用。 the film is not perfect,still,its good. 3.表选择关系的 由or,either.or.,not.but.,or else（否则）连接 take the chance,or else you will regret（后悔） it. 4.表因果关系的 与for,so/so that,therefore（因此),because等连用。 id better take an umbrella,for it is going to rain. 口诀and 表示顺承 while表示对比 but/yet表示转折 for/so表示因果 or/either .or 表示选择 and/then/when表示时间 and/so/neither/nor表示并列 not only.but also/neither. nor表示递进 一、用适当的并列连词填空：1、he couldnt know the truth about me, he wouldnt treat me like this.2、the bell is ringingthe lesson is over.3、although he was ill, he kept on working.4、i cant make up my mindwe will go to shanghaiwe will stay in our city.5、he doesnt talk much, he thinks a lot.6、it must have rained last night the ground is still wet.7、the president will visit the town in may he will open the new hospital.8、jane was dressed in greenmary was dressed in blue.9、he did not speak distinctlyi did not hear it clearly.10、he is clever, , he often makes mistakes.11、did we write to herwe called up her.12、he hasnt any moneyim going to lend him some.13、the child was sick; he, , didnt go to school.14、mary was neither happy,was she sad.15、put on more clothes, youll catch cold.二、选择最佳答案：16、some are reading magazines, others are playing cards.aorbforcsodwhile17、we must get up early tomorrow. well miss the first bus to the great wall.asoborcbutdhowever18、i dont like chickenfish.i dont like chicken, i like fish very much.aand, andband, butcor, anddor, but19、we wanthigh speedgood quality.aboth, andbeither, orcneither, nordnot, but also20、in spring it ishotcold here.aboth, andbeither, orcneither, nordnot only, but21、does he writes well, he also speaks well.anot only, butbnot, but ceither, or dboth, and22、use your head, youll work it out.asoborcanddfor23、i want to buy the jacket, i have not enough money with me.abutbsocordfor24、youi am going to help tom.aeither, orbnot, butcnot only, anddeach, and25、the soldier was wounded, he pushed on.aforbandcsodyet26、do you know jim quarrelled with his classmate?i dont know, .anor dont i camebnor do i careci dont care neitherdi dont care also27、he is a teacher, a singer as well.abutborcnordand28、should a man have courage, he should have wisdom and knowledge.anot only, butbneither, nor ceither, ordboth, and29、we have studied english for only one year, we can perform english short plays already.ayetbforcand dor30、she had escaped, the ring had fallen off and been damaged in the great heat of the fire.asoborcbutdand31、the work was difficult, ,he finished in on time.abutbhowevercotherwisedtherefore32、the sky was cloudlessthe sun was shining.abutbandcfordso33、many times, but he still couldnt understand it.ahaving been toldbthough he had been toldche was tolddhaving told34、i was walking along the street i heard someone calling my name.awhenbwhilecanddfor35、to be healthy, you must have a mealtoo big too small.aeither, orbneither, norcnot only, but alsodnot, but36、both jane and ellen, mary, are studying at the same college. atoobandcas welldas well as37、he has never studied english before, we should give him more help.aandborcthereforedbut38、i see your point of view; , i dont agree with you.aorbbutcsodstill39、they must stay in the waterthey will die.abut bsocotherwisedand40、we played outside till sunset it began to rain.awhenbwhilecyetdso第三部分并列复合句所谓并列复合句，就是指并列句中的两个分句中又内含从句，或者说就是含有复合句的并列句。如：the policeman looked at me suspiciously. 那警察用怀疑的眼光看着我。（简单句）he asked me what i wanted. 他问我要干什么。（复合句，其中的的 what 引导宾语从句）the policeman looked at me suspiciously, and he asked me what i wanted. 那警察用怀疑的眼光看着我，于是问我要干什么。（并列复合句；and 连接两个分句构成并列句，但 and 后面又是一个含有宾语从句的复合句）一 .翻译练习1.he is my friend and thats why i have accepted the task. 2.john wanted to go to the party, but his wife said that she was too tired. 3.i put my arm across his shoulders and steered him to the sofa, where he collapsed. 4.he had always loved clara and he had always hoped that he could make her love him. 5.it was still early, and although she was fatigued her mind was restless.6.of course, they couldnt see with their eyes, but they thought that by touching him they could learn just what kind of animal he was.7.i asked a man who has a wife and three children who did the cooking in his house and he replied that whoever came home from work first did it. 第四部分名词性从句概念：名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。形容词性从句包括定语从句和状语从句。1. that/ what引导的名词性从句下面句子中包含什么从句？that you dont like him has nothing to do with me. it is certain that they will win. i hear that he has joined the football club.we found it impossible that he could finish the work in such a short time. the problem is that they cant get here early enough.the news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.what he said is not true.what is clear is that there is no life on the moon.i wonder what he will say at the meeting.our school is no longer what it was twenty years ago.思考：that 与what 在从句中的作用有何不同？2. whether引导的名词性从句whether she comes or not makes no difference.i didnt know whether he would attend the concert. the question is whether its worth trying.he must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.注意：whether 意思为“是否”，不可换用 if. 3. 连接代词who ,whom, what, whose, which, 连接副词when, where, why , how找出下面复合句中的名词性从句。who will be sent abroad to study is not known.i dont know whom he is waiting for.thats what he is worried about. i want to know whose house it is.which school will win the prize is not known.i have no idea when he will be back.the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation is under discussion.why he often comes here is not known.he cant answer the question how he got the money. 思考：上述连接代词和连接副词的意思能否翻译出来？that/what 的意思能否翻译出来？4. wh-ever 引导的名词性从句whatever was said here must be kept secret.whoever comes to the club is welcome. whenever you come is welcome.they ate whatever they could find on the deserted island. whoever leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights思考：名词性从句中的 wh-ever 可以换成 no matter wh- 吗？比较：no matter who leaves the classroom last, he should turn off the lights.5. 常见的同位语从句形式the idea that we should have more industry in this area is a good one.we heard the news that the new bridge was still under construction.he made a promise that he would pay off the debt soon.i have no idea when they came to visit my hometown.we have no doubt that mr. white will turn up tonight.word came that a vip will come to visit our school.名词性从句中需要注意的几个问题1. 名词性从句中的that和定语从句中的that 不同that he will come and help you is certain.he has told me (that) he will go to shanghai tomorrow and that he will visit his friends the doctor that you met in the street yesterday came here 20 years agothe plane that has just taken off is for london.the reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.i thought it strange that he failed to call me.2. whether 和 ifit is not decided if/whether we will have a meeting today.i dont know if / whether it is interesting.i wonder whether he will come or not. (不能用if)it all depends on whether they will support us. (不能用if)one question is whether birds should be kept in cages or not. (不能用if)they are discussing the question whether we can finish the work in such a short time. (不能用if)3. wh-ever和 no matter wh-whoever breaks the rule must be punished.you can choose whatever you like in the shop.whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.no matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter what you do, you must do it well.4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别the news that they had won the game was really exciting.the news that you told me yesterday was really exciting.5. 任何从句都必需是陈述句语序名词性从句专练1. _he does has nothing to do with me. a. whatever b. no matter what c. that d. if2. the manager came over and asked the customer how_ a. did the quarrel came about b .the quarrel had come about c. had the quarrel come about d. had the quarrel come about3. energy is _makes thing work. a. what b. something c. anything d. that4. information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. a. while b. that c. when d. as5. that is_ i was born and grew up. a. there b. in which c. where d. the place6. they have no idea at all_. a. where he has gone b. where did he go c. which place has he gone d. where has he gone 7. the doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease. a. that b. which c. of which d. of that 8. _all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. a. what; what b. that; that c. what; that d. that ; what 9. _is no possibility _bob can win the first prize in the match. a. there; that b. it; that c. there; whether d. it; whether10. the question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research. a. that b. which c. whether d. if 11. is _he said really true? a. that b. what c. why d. whether12. whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just_ worries the public. a. why b. which c. that d. what13. it worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. a. while b. if c. that d. for 14. _more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. a. whether b. this c. who d. if 15._he will go to work in a mountain village sur