2013年职称英语考试 理工类B级 押题最终版 阅读理解与完形填空【孙伟老师呕心沥血之作】 .pdf

理工理工 b-2 *第四十篇第四十篇 teaching math, teaching anxiety in a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the university of chicago1 sian beilock and susan levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students（第 1 题答案出处） learn :if a female teacher is uncomfortable 不安的 with her own math skills 技能, then her female 女性的 students 学生 are more likely 可能 to believe that boys are better than girls at math. “if these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers2 in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement3 said levine. in other words, girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers4. the study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are, then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident. just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn - and teach. the subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. researchers use the word “anxiety“ to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry.(第 2 题答案出处) the new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. the study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first- and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the midwest. the students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compared the scores. the researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. then the researchers turned to the teachers: to find out which teachers were anxious about math, the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt5. （第 3 题答案出处） a teacher who got nervous looking 看 at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example, was probably anxious about math. boys, on average, were unaffected by a teachers anxiety. on average, girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. plus, on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math - and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.(第 4 题答案出处) “this is an interesting study, but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample6,“（第 5 题答案出处） said david geary, a psychologist at the university of missouri7 in columbia. 文章中心“如果女教师对自己的数学能力感到焦虑，她的女学生很可能认为男孩子数 学比女孩学得更好。 ”本文就这一观点展开论述。 练习： 1. what is the result of the research at the university of chicago, according to the first paragraph? -细节类 a girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math. b girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math. c female teachers math skills have influence over girl students math skills. d female teachers confidence in their math skills is related to girls math skills. 选项中均出现了“math skills” ，可做关键词。b 选项中的主语是“girls”而原文为“female teacher” ，排除。选项 d 中的“girl”与原文提到的“female students”指的是相同的意思。 且与文章中心一致。 2. what is implied in the third paragraph? -推断类 a math teachers, like math learners, do not like the subject due to its difficulty. b a difficult subject like math may affect teachers confidence in teaching the subject. c teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math. d math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it. “implied 暗示”-推断类题标志词.选项中有相对性词的优先考虑.因为推断的内容不会是 绝对的概念.选项 b 符合答案特征 3. according to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt-细节类 a nervous memorizing 记忆 the numbers of a sales receipt. b helpless saving the numbers of a sales receipt. c uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt. d hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report. 此题可选关键词很多,选项中重复出现的“numbers of a sales receipt”可做关键词反向定位 答案出处。排除 a，替换词意思不同。选择 c 4. the sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings-主题类+细节类 a prove a strong link between female teachers math anxiety and their female students math achievements. b show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than female students. c provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females. d discover a strong link between teachers math anxiety and their students math achievements. 选项中的关键词同时也是文章中心词，以中心词的多寡可先排除 c、d，发现 a 和段中心 句及文章中心一致 5. david geary thinks that a the study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process. b the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample. c the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful. d the study is well based and produces significant results. 大写的人名做关键词,答案在最后一段中找到. 英汉对译 *第四十篇 英汉对译 *第四十篇 teaching math, teaching anxiety 教数学，教焦虑 in a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the university of chicagol1 sian beilock and susan levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn: 在最新一项关于小学生学数学的研究中，芝加哥大学的心理学家 sian beilock 和 susan levine 发现，女教师的想法和女学生的学习之间有着惊人的联系：if a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.如果女教师对自己的数学能力感 到焦虑，她的女学生很可能认为男孩子数学比女孩学得更好。 “if these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers2 in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement3 said levine. “如果一直由对数学 有焦虑的女教师教授数学，就会对她们的数学成绩产生雪球效应“，levine 说。 in other words, girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers4. 换言之， 女孩子们 最后从老师那里获得的是对数学的焦虑。the study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident. 该研究表明，如果女孩子们在一 个认为男孩比女孩数学好的环境中成长，那么她们的数学可能会不如在更自信的状态下学 得好。 just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn - and teach. the subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. researchers use the word “anxiety“ to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry.如同学生，教师也会觉得某些学科难学和难教，这就是研 究者所言的“焦虑“：不自在或担心。 the new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. 此研究发现，教师对数学的焦 虑能够传染给她的女学生们。the study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first- and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the midwest. the students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compared the scores.该研究的研究对象包括 65 个女孩，52 个男孩和 17 位在中西部教一 二年级的教师。学生们在学年的开始和结束时都进行数学测试，研究者们比较得分。 the researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. 研究者们测试学生是否认为数学明星一定会是男 孩。then the researchers turned to the teachers: to find out which teachers were anxious about math, the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt5. 然后研究者们测试教 师，试图找出哪些教师对数学感到焦虑，研究者们问教师们当碰到数学问题诸如阅读销售 清单时的感受，a teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example, was probably anxious about math.如果一位教师一看到销售清单的数字就 感到紧张，那么她很可能对数学存在焦虑。 boys, on average, were unaffected by a teachers anxiety. 平均来说， 教师的焦虑不会影响 到男孩子。 on average, girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. 但是， 一般说来， 如果教女孩子的教师有数学焦虑 症，那么女孩子们在学年结束时测试得分比其他的女孩要低。plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math - and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.另外，在关于是否认为数学明星应该是男孩的测试中，有 20 个女孩认为男孩数学 比女孩好，这 20 个女孩的老师都是女性，且都患有数学焦虑症。 “this is an interesting study, but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample6,“ said david geary, a psychologist at the university of missouri7 in columbia.来自密苏里大学的心理学家 david geary 说“这是一个有趣的研究， 但 是这只是初步结果，需要用更大的调查样本进行重复验证“。 特别说明： 特别说明： 完形填空记忆难度大，且每年都会存在大量换空的情况， （我们会有应对策略，完形填空记忆难度大，且每年都会存在大量换空的情况， （我们会有应对策略， 对于此题型文章不用太多关注，重点先放在阅读理解重点文章的内容熟悉，至对于此题型文章不用太多关注，重点先放在阅读理解重点文章的内容熟悉，至 少要知道每一段的中文意思是什么可参考翻译，问题都问了些什么。考 a少要知道每一段的中文意思是什么可参考翻译，问题都问了些什么。考 a 的同学顺带看下 b、c 的文章，考 b 的同学顺带看下 c 的文章） 的同学顺带看下 b、c 的文章，考 b 的同学顺带看下 c 的文章） 第十二篇 第十二篇 free statins with fast food could neutralize heart risk fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1 so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at imperial college london 2 in a new study statins reduce the 3 of unhealthy “ldl”cholesterol in the blood. a wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a persons heart attack 4 . in a paper published in the american journal of cardiology，dr darrel francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5 to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6 a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake dr francis，from the national heart and lung institute at imperial college london，who is the senior author of the study, said:”statins dont cut out a11 of the 7 effects of cheeseburgers and french friesits better to avoid fatty food altogetherbut weve worked out that in terms of your 8 of having a heart attack. taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9 as a fast food meal increases it.” “its ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condiments in fast food outlets as they 10 , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. it makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are l 1 free of chargeit would cost less than 5 pence per 1 2 一 not much different to a sachet of sugar.” dr francis said when people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, theyre encouraged to take 13 that lower their risk, 1ike 14 a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. taking a statin is a rational way of 1 5 some of the risks of eating a fatty meal 词汇词汇： statin/st tin! n降胆固醇药物 outlet/autlit/ n销售点 cholesterol/ klestrl / n胆固醇 offset /,fset/ v. 抵消，补偿 cheeseburger/ ti:z,b: / n芝士汉堡包 milkshake! milkeik / n奶昔 condiment /kndimnt! n 调味品 sachet /stei / ii 小袋，小包 rational / rnl / adj合理的 注释注释： 1. fast food outlets could provide statin drugs: 句中的 could 是一种委婉表达建议 的用词，意为“可以”。 2. imperial college london: 帝国理工学院。该学院于 1907 年由城市和行会学 校、皇家矿业学校以及皇家科学学院合并组成。学院于 2007 年 7 月正式脱离 伦敦大学成为一所独立大学。提供本科和研究生教育，共有四个学院，工程学 院、医学院、自然科学院和生命科学院 3. ldl cholesterol: 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。ldl 是 low density lipoprotein（低密 度脂蛋白）的缩写形式。 4. a wealth of trial data: 大量的试验数据。a wealth of 意为“大量的，许多”。 5. american journal of cardiology: 美国心脏病学杂志 6. french fries:炸薯条 7.it makes sense.: make sense 意为“说得通，合情合理”。 8. a sachet of sugar: 一小袋糖。快餐店一般备有袋糖，供饮咖啡或热奶的顾客免 费取用。 练习练习： 1a change b charge c chain d chance 2a trust b decide c suggest d calculate 3a number b amount c volume d product 4a frequency b treatment c diagnosis d risk 5a severe b enough c weak d active 6a buying b preparing c eating d cooking 7a unhealthy b strong c different d doubtful 8a examination b suffering c determination d possibility 9a degree b dimension c angle d range 10a use b hate c reject d like 11a transported b provided c preserved d convened 12a cook b patient c customer d visitor 1 3a measures b care c advantages d turns 14a buying b wearing c cleaning d changing 1 5a increasing b finding c lowering d taking 答案与题解答案与题解： 1. b 本文介绍说， 吃汉堡包等快餐食品容易引发心脏病， 而服用 statin 能降低心 脏病发作的风险，一正一负正好抵消。statin 价格便宜，文章建议快餐店像免费 供应调味品那样免费供应 statin0 free of charge 是固定搭配，意为“免费”。选择 charge 是对的。 2. c 本题要选 suggest ，因为其他三个选项在意思上都不合适。此外，本句主 句的谓语动词用了 could (provide) ， 委婉地含有“建议”的意思。 所以 suggest 是 个不二的选择。 3.b 与降低 unhealthy “ldl“ cholesterol 搭配的一定是 amount（量），而不可能 是 number （数字）、volume（体积）或 product （乘积）。 4.d 从上下文判断， 要降低 （lower） 的当然是 risk。 lower frequency （降低频率） 、 lower treatment（降低治疗）或 lower diagnosis （降低诊断）与上下文的意思都不匹 配。 5. b 本句表达的意思是：dr darrel francis 在他的论文中说，经过计算，一粒 statin 降低心脏病发作的风险足以抵消吃一个奶酪汉堡包和喝一杯奶昔所增加 的患心脏病的风险。所以本题的答案是 enough。 6. c 顾客不可能在快餐店里 preparing cheeseburger 或 cooking cheeseburger，而 buying cheeseburger 不会增加心脏病风险。所以，只有 eating cheeseburger 才合乎上下 文的意思。 7.a 从上下文判断，被 cut out（去除）的 effects 一定是 unhealthy effects，所以， unhealthy 是本题的答案。 8.d 本句中的 in terms of 意为“就而言”，要与后半句“一正一负相互抵消” 的意思相匹配，所以只能是“就患心脏病的可能性而言”。possibil