2014年全国职称英语考试 通关必备利器 卫生类C级押题孙伟老师版 牛津英语同义词字典版 保45分.pdf

341 mess microscopic m 卫生 c 阅读押题 本课其它级别最好也听听！因为本文在下列国 家教材中同时出现。 第 16 篇 eat to live 卫生 c 新增文章(押题) 第 25 篇 理工 b 第 39 篇 综合 a 孙老师特别提示：孙老师特别提示：卫生卫生 c 今年阅读没有新增文 今年阅读没有新增文 章章，押题也就变成了押题也就变成了猜题猜题，极不靠普极不靠普，请大家 请大家 做好无原题或押不中的准备做好无原题或押不中的准备！ ！ ！ ！ ！ ！ 共共 1 1 篇文章 篇文章 第十六篇第十六篇 eat to live 卫生卫生 c 新 新 增文章增文章(押题押题) 第 13 课 (补充练习) 理解课文理解课文 latenight drinking 卫生 c 阅读押题 eat to live 机会只给有准备的人机会只给有准备的人。 opportunities are only for the prepared person. 共 1 篇文章 eat to live a meager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much funand it might not even be necessary. we may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age. stephen spindler and his colleagues from the university of california at riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. the genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on halfrations. three more mice were switched from the normal diet to halffeed for a month when they were 34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years. the researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. the changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical productionprobably bad news for mouse health. in the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. but the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes. “this is the first indication that thee effects kick in pretty quickly,” says huber warner from the national institute on aging near washington, d. c. no one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, bus spindler is hopeful. “theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says. if it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. as we get older, out bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. a brief period of time of dieting, says spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective. but spindler isnt sure the tradeoff is worth it. “the mice get less disease, they live longer but theyre hungry,” he says. “even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: i can only eat half of that.” spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. his company, life span genetics in california, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. 练习： 1. according to the passage, which of the following is not true? a. eating less than usual might make us live longer. b. if we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy. c. dieting might not be needed. d. we have to begin dieting from childhood. 2. why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2? a. to describe the influence of old age on mice. b. to illustrate the effect of meager food on mice. c. to tell us how mices liver genes behave. d. to inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs. 3. what can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage? a. they will not experience free radical production. b. they will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime. c. they have more old liver genes to behave like young genes. d. they are more likely to suffer from inflammation. 4. according to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers? 342 mess microscopic m a. the mice that started dieting in old age. b. 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes. c. calorie restriction that works in people. d. dieting that makes sure a drug is effective. 5. according to the last two paragraphs, spindler believes that a. calorie restriction is very important to young people b. seeing the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal. c. dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life. d. drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction. eat to live 为生存而食 为生存而食 本文中心：本文中心：a a meager 不 不 足的足的 diet 节食节食 a meager 不 足 的不 足 的 diet节食节食 may give you health and long life, but its not much fun 娱乐 and it might not even be necessary. we may be able to hang on to 保持住保持住 most of that youthful vigor 活力活力 even if we dont start to diet until old age. 粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿， 粗茶淡饭或许能给你健康和长寿， 但这并不 但这并不 有趣有趣-很有可能也没必要很有可能也没必要。即便在年老以后才 即便在年老以后才 开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活 开始节食我们也能在很大程度上保持住青春活 力力。 stephen spindler and his colleagues from the university of california at riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting 限制限制 its food for four weeks. the genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins. 加州大学加州大学riversideriverside分校的斯蒂芬分校的斯蒂芬o o斯潘德 斯潘德 尔及其同事发现， 尔及其同事发现， 只要连续四周限制一些衰老的 只要连续四周限制一些衰老的 老 老 鼠进食，它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前 鼠进食，它们的肝脏基因就会变得和衰老前 一样充满活力。 一样充满活力。 虽然老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不 虽然老鼠的肝部基因恢复活力不 会逆 转会逆 转它们在其他方面的老化它们在其他方面的老化，但是却有助于 ，但是却有助于 这些老鼠的肝脏对药物的新陈代谢和清除毒素。这些老鼠的肝脏对药物的新陈代谢和清除毒素。 spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on halfrations3. three more mice were switched from the normal diet to halffeed 3 for a month when they were34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years. 斯潘德尔的队员们一直给其中的三只老鼠 斯潘德尔的队员们一直给其中的三只老鼠 正常量的饲料， 正常量的饲料， 而给另外三只老鼠正常量饲料的 而给另外三只老鼠正常量饲料的 一半，给三只 一半，给三只 34 34 个月大的老鼠（个月大的老鼠（相当于人类年 相当于人类年 龄的 龄的 70 70 岁）喂了一个月的半量饲料，之前这三 岁）喂了一个月的半量饲料，之前这三 只老鼠 的饲料量是正常的。只老鼠 的饲料量是正常的。 the researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. the changes were associated with things like inflammation 炎症炎症 and free radical production 4 probably bad news for mouse health. in the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. but the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes. 研究者们检查了这些老鼠肝脏的 研究者们检查了这些老鼠肝脏的 11,000 11,000 种基因的活性种基因的活性，发现正常饲养的老鼠有 ，发现正常饲养的老鼠有 46 46 种基 种基 因随年龄的改变而改变。 因随年龄的改变而改变。 这些改变都与炎症和体 这些改变都与炎症和体 内自由基的产生有关-这对老鼠的健康来说不 内自由基的产生有关-这对老鼠的健康来说不 是什么好消息。 是什么好消息。 而对于那些终身都在节食的老鼠 而对于那些终身都在节食的老鼠 来说， 来说， 那 那 46 46 种基因中的 种基因中的 27 27 种仍然继续保持着青 种仍然继续保持着青 春活力。春活力。但 是最令人吃惊的发现却是那些只是 但 是最令人吃惊的发现却是那些只是 在老年时期节食的老鼠们受益于 在老年时期节食的老鼠们受益于 70%的基因变 70%的基因变 异异。 “this is the first indication that these effects kick in 5 pretty quickly,” says huber warner from the national institute on aging near washington, d.c “这只是第一个这些效果迅速起作用的 “这只是第一个这些效果迅速起作用的 暗示“，来自华盛顿特区周边的国家老年学学院 暗示“，来自华盛顿特区周边的国家老年学学院 的哈勃 的哈勃 o o 华纳说。华纳说。 343 mess microscopic m no one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but spindler is hopeful. “theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says. 至今仍然没有人清楚卡路里的控制对人 至今仍然没有人清楚卡路里的控制对人 类来说是否如同对老鼠那样有效， 类来说是否如同对老鼠那样有效， 但是斯潘德尔 但是斯潘德尔 对此 充满了希望： 对此 充满了希望： “有足以引人注意的证据表明 “有足以引人注意的证据表明 这同样有效。“这同样有效。“ if it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. as we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. a brief period of time of dieting, says spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective. 如果这确实也对人类有效，如果这确实也对人类有效，我们有理由 我们有理由 相信肝脏也可能恢复活力。相信肝脏也可能恢复活力。举个例子，举个例子， 随着我们 随着我们 一天天衰老， 一天天衰老， 我们的身体对药物的新陈代谢越来 我们的身体对药物的新陈代谢越来 越没有效率。越没有效率。短时期内的节食，短时期内的节食，斯潘德尔说到， 斯潘德尔说到， 完全足以保证药效。完全足以保证药效。 but spindler isnt sure the tradeoff 交易 is worth it, 6 “the mice get less disease, they live longer, but theyre hungry,” he says. “even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say” i can only eat half of that.” 但是斯潘德尔并不确定这个方法值得尝试。 但是斯潘德尔并不确定这个方法值得尝试。 “老鼠患病少了，“老鼠患病少了，寿命延长了，寿命延长了，但是它们很饥饿， 但是它们很饥饿， “他说“他说， “即使能清楚地认识到节食的功效，“即使能清楚地认识到节食的功效， 人们 人们 仍然很难在餐馆中说自己只能吃一半的食物。“仍然很难在餐馆中说自己只能吃一半的食物。“ spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. his company, life span genetics in california, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. 斯潘德尔希望我们根本就不用节食。他的公司， 斯潘德尔希望我们根本就不用节食。他的公司， 加利福尼亚州的寿命遗传学公司， 加利福尼亚州的寿命遗传学公司， 正在寻找有限 正在寻找有限 制卡路里效能的药物制卡路里效能的药物 练习： 1. according to the passage, which of the following is not true? 根据文章，下面哪个选项是不真实的？ a) eating less than usual might make us live longer. b) if we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy. c) dieting might not be needed. 2. we have to begin dieting from childhood. 3. why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph2? 文章第二段中，作者为什么会提到上了年 纪的老鼠？ a) to describe the influence of old age on mice. b) to illustrate the effect of meager food on mice. c) to tell us how mices liver genes behave. 4. to inform us of the process of metabolizing 使发生新陈代谢 drugs. 5. what can be inferred 推 断 about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage? 什么可以推断出本文提到的完全正常喂养 的老鼠？ a) they will not experience free radical production. b) they will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime. c) they have more old liver genes to behave like young genes. d) they are more likely to suffer from inflammation. 发炎发炎 4. 注意： (1) 绝对原则： 答案中有 all, every, only always等绝对词一般为不 正确，如被否定除外，原文中 也有这些词除外)！ 绝对原则主要 用 于 5. 对 错 选 择 not true, 344 mess microscopic m true 6. (2) 相对原则：有 may, might, can could, likely ， sometimes， probably some。 7. according to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers? 根据作者观点， 下列哪一项最能引起调查者的 兴趣？ a) the mice that started dieting in old age. b) 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes. c) calorie restriction that works in people. d) dieting that makes sure a drug is effective. 出现多个数字，特别是阿拉伯数字时，须非常小 心！ 8. according to the last two paragraphs. spindler believes that 根据文章最后两段的内容，spindler 相信： a) calorie restriction is very important to young people. b) seeing the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal. c) dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life. drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction. 四. 阅读题型四大原则： 此此项特别项特别重要重要 1. 围着中心转（先读有中心词的选项. 一般就是答案） 。 2. 先读容易的选项（读的懂的）,先读短的。 孙老师特别提示： 我们会发现，决定成败胜负的，不一定是一个人 的技术水平，而是一个人的心态。 当我们患得患失时，当我们心有所虑时，你所有 的经验和技巧都不可能得到最好的发挥。 “夫至人者，上窥青天，下潜黄泉，挥斥八极， 神气不变。”人世间真正高明的人，向上可以看 透苍天， 向下可以看清黄泉， 世事万象了然于心， 在任何时刻都可以神气不变，气定神闲。 答案与题解： 1. d 第一段第一句讲“节食可能不是非做不可 的事”， 第二句讲“即使上了年纪再节食，我们 仍然有可能在很大程度上保持青春活力”， 因此， “我们必须从小就开始节食”是错误的，d 是答 案。 2. b 第二段提及“一只高龄老鼠”的时候， 作者谈 到 “只要连续四周限制它进食， 它的肝脏基因就 会变得和衰老前一样充满活力” 据此，“为了描 述节食对老鼠所产中的影响”最好地回答了题干 中的问题。 3. d 第四段提到，“正常饲养的老鼠随着年龄的 增长有 46 条肝脏基因会发生变化，这种变化与 炎症和有机体组织无限激增有关”因此， d 正确。 4. a 第四段最后一个句子讲“但最惊人的发现是 那些上了年纪才开始节食的老鼠也能从 70%的 基因变化中受益”。“最惊人的”自然是“最令研究 人员感兴趣的”。 c 文章的最后两段谈及 spindler 对节食的看法。 首先，他不能肯定节食是否值得。其次，他希望 在不久的将来，我们不必节食。所以我们可以推 知，他认为节食不是得以健康长寿的好办法。 孙老师特别提示： 机会只给有准备的人机会只给有准备的人。 opportunities are only for the prepared person. 专业第 25 课 卫生 c 阅读重点文章 孙老师特别提示： 您有 25 分钟完成一篇，不必着急。 卫生 c 阅读重点文章 第三篇 cooking oil fumes 厨房油烟 cause 引起 tumor 肿瘤（卫生 c） 厨房油烟可致癌 the leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a fiveyear research study. 345 mess microscopic m doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. they said patients are younger, especially women. according to the shanghai tumor research institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. following breast cancer, it has the secondhighest incidence rate. “an unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,“ said dr he yumin from shanghai minshen traditional chinese medicine tumor diagnosis and treatment center. he followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. among them, 1,433 were male. smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling secondhand smoke, according to the report. however, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. about 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of womens bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen. however, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. some claimed they may change food preparation methods. “unless my family and i dont eat at home every day, i must stay in the kitchen to cook,“ said xu li, a 45yearold local woman. “i know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time i heard that it can result in lung cancer. i have already started frying less.“ doctors said womens lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. other experts agreed with he. “smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,“ said dr tan binyong, honorary president of the respiratory disease institute at fudan universitys medical college. “its true that secondhand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women. “ hes research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used. the chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said. 练习： 1. what a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? a men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women. b women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men. c patients with lung cancer become older, especially males. d patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 2. which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in shanghai? a heart disease. b breast cancer. c infectious diseases. d lung cancer. 3. what symptoms may be complained of by most women with lung cancer after long term, close contact with cooking oil fumes? a irritated eyes and throat. b severe pain in both lungs. c continuous cough and headache. d difficulty in breathing. 4. what was the local womens reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer? a happy. b surprised. c angry. d careless. 5. which of the following has relatively little connection with womens lung cancer? a family cancer history. b unhealthy dietary habits. c weak immune systems. d personal health and physical condition. 第三篇 cooking oil fumes cause tumor（卫生 c） 厨房油烟可致癌 346 mess microscopic m the leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a fiveyear research study. doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. they said patients are younger, especially women. according to the shanghai tumor research institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. following breast cancer, it has the secondhighest incidence rate. “an unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer,“ said dr he yumin from shanghai minshen traditional chinese medicine tumor diagnosis and treatment center. he followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. among them, 1,433 were male. smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling secondhand smoke, according to the report. however, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. about 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of womens bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen. however, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. some claimed they may change food preparation methods. “unless my family and i dont eat at home every day, i must stay in the kitchen to cook,“ said xu li, a 45yearold local woman. “i know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time i heard that it can result in lung cancer. i have already started frying less.“ doctors said womens lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. other experts agreed with he. “smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men,“ said dr tan binyong, honorary president of the respiratory disease institute at fudan universitys medical college. “its true that secondhand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women. “ hes research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used. the chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time, experts said. 练习： 1. what a new tendency(趋势) in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers? 根据研究人员的结论,什么是肺癌的新趋势? a men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women. b women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men. c patients with lung cancer become older, especially males. d patients with lung cancer become younger, especially females. 注：用关键词在文章中按顺序找到问题的出处， 可能是关键词的重复，以多个关键词的重复为 准。有可能题干中的关键词有可能题干中的关键词（或答案或答案）和文章中 和文章中 的关键词的关键词（或答案或答案）会产生变化会产生变化即同义词即同义词，如 “土豆”“马铃薯”，“一碗豆腐”“豆腐一碗”, a use