2012英语理工A级培训资料.doc

职称英语讲义第一部分词汇.02第二部分 阅读判断.04第三部分概括大意与完成句子.05第四部分 阅读理解.09第五部分补全短文.59第六部分完型填空.63一、 注意事项：1， 本试卷考试时间为120分钟（2小时）2， 本考试分a、b、c三级。a、b、c三级各由6个部分组成，但难易有别。二、 题型第一部分 1-15 词汇选项 15分/1分 14-15第二部分 16-22 阅读判断 7分/1分 3-4第三部分 23-30 概括大意与完成句子 8分/1分 2第四部分 31-45 阅读理解 45分/3分 25第五部分 46-50 补全短文 10分/2分 2第六部分 51-65 完形填空 15分/1分 15第一部分 词汇做题技巧：一在词典的英英部分查找划横线的单词，查到后可找到与选项吻合的答案。（此类题会占考试的90%,为确保通过考试要学习词典查询方法）二遇到短语时要查询实义词（如名词、动词、副词），通常为短语中较长的那个单词。三. 注意时态、人称的一致。词汇学习l: 1. we should not complain about taxes. a) feel unhappy b) say bad things c) care d) praise2. what were the effects of the decision she made? a) reasons b) results c) causes d) bases3. people dont realize how serious this recession has actually been. a) know b) think c) doubt d) remember4. first editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money a) at any place b) at any price c) in any language d) in any country5. about a quarter of the workers in the united states are employed in factories. a) third b) fourth c) tenth d) fifteenth6. in a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull. a) confuses b) excites c) scares d) diverts7. passenger ships and planes are often equipped with ship-to-shore or air-to-land radio telephones, a) highways b) railroads c) sailboats d) aircraft8. the firemen acted quickly because lives were at stake. a) in danger b) in despair c) out of condition d) out of danger9. mary called me up very late last night. a) shouted at me b) visited me c) telephoned me d) waked me10. mary gets up at the same time every morning. a) arises b) raises c) arrives d) stands up11. helen will leave immediately. a) far away b) right away c) right here d) soon12. susan is looking for the dictionary, which she lost yesterday a) finding b) looking up c) looking at d) trying to find13. john talked over the new job offer with his wife. a) discussed b) mentioned c) accepted d) rejected14. while i sympathize, i cant really do very much to help. a) when b) but c) although d) where15. a beautiful woman attended to me in that store yesterday. a) waited on b) talked to b) spoke to d) stayed withababb bdaca bdaaa词汇学习2:1. all living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common. a) as a result of b) considering c) on purpose d) whatever2. the most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources. a) puzzling b) difficult c) terrifying d) urgent3. the klondike was the scene of one of the biggest gold rushes the world has ever known. a) location b) view c) event d) landscape4. of the reptile groups, the snake group was the final one to appear. a) last b) best c) ugliest d) longest5. colleges and universities usually give diplomas or certificates to students who complete course requirements satisfactorily. a) responsibly b) acceptably c) patiently d) respectfully6. a will is a document written to ensure that the wishes of the deceased are realized. a) fulfilled b) affiliated c) advocated d) received7. she has been the subject of massive media coverage. a) extensive b) negative c) responsive d) explosive8. the conference explored the possibility of closer trade links. a) rejected b) investigated c) proposed d) postponed9. experts generally agree that diet has an important bearing on ones health. a) result b) factor c) cause d) influence10. i expect that she will be able to cater for your particular needs. a) meet b) reach c) provide d) fill11. john is collaborating with mary in writing a book. a) cooperating b) merging c) combining d) associating12. mary lost control of her car and collided with a tree. a) came across b) ran into c) met d) knocked13. mary was compelled to take in washing to help support her family. a) pleaded b) appealed c) forced d) instructed14. the child couldnt comprehend the advanced textbook. a) interpret b) read c) understand d) translate15. i warned him to keep the matter confidential. a) private b) safe c) personal d) secretddaab aabda abccd词汇学习3:1. most chemical reactions of an organic compound involve only a few of its numerous atoms and bonds; the remainder stay unchanged. a) majority b) distribution c) rest d) stability2. the specific mechanisms by which cortisone and similar compounds function are poorly documented. a) partially b) occasionally c) inadequately d) rarely3. can you account for your absence from the class last thursday? a) explain b) examine c) excuse d) expand4. a limited number of books on this subject are in the library. a) little b) small c) tiny d) low5. the company recommended that a new petrol station be built here. a) ordered b) insisted c) suggested d) demanded6. jim has gained so much weight that a lot of his clothes dont fit him any more. a) put off b) put down c) pat on d) put up7. foreign money can be converted at this bank. a) altered b) changed c) bought d) sold8. government health campaigns have fostered an awareness of the dangers in certain social habits. a) included b) discovered c) cultivated d) discouraged9. evidence exists that hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits.a) initiated b) cured c) complicated d) lessened10. the police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe. a) argued b) predicted c) said d) suggested11. the conclusion can be deduced from the premises. a) allowed b) derived c) permitted d) come12. fruits such as apples and oranges are very wholesome; and may be eaten at any time. a) normal b) healthy c) appropriate d) proper13. there are only five minutes left, but the outcome of the match is still in doubt. a) end b) judgment c) estimation d) result14. long before the concert began, big crowds of pop fans had assembled in the stadium. a) concentrated b) resembled c) gathered d) dispersed15. it is hard for the young people to imagine what severe conditions their parents once lived under. a) sincere b) hard c) strict d) tightccabc cbcda bbdcb第二部分 16-22 阅读判断 7分/1分 3-4 （略）做题技巧：一边倒（不会的全选a或b）第三部分 概括大意与完成句子授课内容：1. 什么是主题句 / 主题词2. 怎样找到主题句 / 主题词3. 概括大意答案选项关键词的设计4. 完成句子的四种出题方式5. 课堂练习一、题型介绍本部分为一300词左右的短文，要求应试者根据文章做两部分题：概括大意：从选项列表中选出指定段落的标题；完成句子：将所给的四个带空格的句子填写完整，答案从选项中选出。二、考查目标：考查应试者抓大意、找细节的能力。三、概括大意答题简介l 概括大意：给每段文字“命”一个小标题，确定每段文字的主题思想l 反映作者观点、论点或主旨的句子通常叫做主题句l 主题词是作者观点、论点或主旨的中心论述词l 要概括出每段的段落大意，就必须先找到每段的主题句 / 主题词（主题句在一个段落中可能位于段首、段尾或段中）四、答案选项关键词的设计举例1：experience shows that looking on the bright side of life does have advantages and recent scientific evidence points to the positive mindset as being beneficial to health. in other words, optimists live longer. （a longer life for optimists ） 答案设计1- longer-longera. quicker recovery from illness.b. a longer life for optimists.c. relationship between good health and optimism.d. a positive way of understanding realitye. optimism and pessimism.f. optimists with illusions.举例2：did you know that before 1950 hurricanes had no names? they were simply given numbers. the first names were simply alpha, bravo, charlie, etc. but in 1953, female names were given because of the unpredictability factor of the storms. in 1979, realizing the sexist nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women. （a short history of naming hurricanes） 答案设计2- name-naminga. harnessing the hurricane energyb. difficulty in forecasting the course of a hurricanec. huge energy stored in a hurricaned. forecasting a hurricane through satellite watchinge. different names for the same thingsf. a short history of naming hurricanes五、完成句子部分答题技巧关键词=定位词（主语、专有名词、名词短语、数字、比较级/最高级、形容词/副词等）完成句子试题和答案部分的特点：举例3：there are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. pollution levels fall during nighttime. the time of year also makes a big difference. pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants. pollution levels are lower_a on the downwind sideb during rush hoursc in spring and autumnd to toxic aire between autumn and winterf as exposure to nuclear radiation第一篇how we form first lmpression1 we all have first impression of someone we just met. but why? why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.2the answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a persons eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.in fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. these incoming signals are compared against2 a host of memories stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals mean .3 if you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says familiar and safe. if you see someone new，it says，new-potentially，threatening. then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other known memories. the height ，weight，dress ，ethnicity ， gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. the more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain may say，this is new. i dont like this person. or else，im intrigued . or yourbrain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends;so your brain says: i like this person . but these preliminary impressions can be dead wrong44 when we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values，strengths，and true character - we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.5 however，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. if we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the persons character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane.练习:1. paragraph 2_2. paragraph 3_3. paragraph 4_4. paragraph 5_aways of departure from immature and simplistic impressionsbcomment on first impressionc illustration of first impressiond comparing incoming sensory information against memoriese threatening aspect of first impressionsf differences among jocks，geeks and freaks5. sensory information is one that is perceived through_.6. you interpret _ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.7. the way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_.8. we can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_.aa strangers less mature type of thinkingbthe most complex areas of our cortexc the immature form of thinking of a very young childd the meaning of incoming sensory informatione the sights and sounds of the worldf an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking答案与题解:1. d 本段叙述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。2. c 本段举例说明第一印象解读的过程，将第二段叙述的内容具体化。3. b 本段对第一印象进行了评论，说第一印象不成熟，simplistic and categorical。4. a 本段说如果我们与某个人多接触，了解他的生活、希望、梦想和性格特征，我们对该人的认识就不会停留在第一印象的阶段，而是进入一个更深的层次。5. e 选 e 的依据在第二段的第三句。6. d 选 d 的依据在第二段的最后两句。sensory information 的意思就是information perceived through sensory organs (视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉等)。7. c 选 c 的依据在第四段的第一句，该句是:when we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others.8. b 选 b 的依据在第五段第二句。第二篇 washoe learned american sign language1 an animal that influenced scientific thought has died. a chimpanzee named washoe and born in africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the american state of washington. washoe had become known in the scientific community1 and around the world for her ability to use american sign language2 . she was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. her skills also led to debate3 about primates and their ability to understand language.2 research scientists allen and beatrix gardner began teaching washoe sign language in 1966. in 1969，the gardners described washoes progress in a scientific report. the people who experimented with washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words. for example，washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. she could request foods like apples and bananas. she also asked questions like，who is coming to play? once5 the news about washoe spread，many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. the whole direction of primate research changed.3 however，critics argued washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. they said she had never developed true language skills. even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory，and perform the signs only for prizes. yet washoes keepers disagree. roger fouts is a former student of the gardners7 . he took washoe to a research center in ellensburg，washington. there，washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.4 scientists like private researcher jane goodall believe8 washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. today，there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.5 debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. yet，one thing is sure - washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.练习:1. paragraph 1_2. paragraph 2_3. paragraph 3_4. paragraph 4_areason why not many scientists carry out this research nowdaysb report about washoe.s progress in learning sign languagec genera1 information about washoed the gardeners contributions recognizede debate on chimps intelligencef washoes love for three young chimps5. washoe could make signs to communicate_.6. some scientists doubted_.7. washoe taught three younger chimps sign language_.8. the experimenters thought washoe was intelligent_.aif the gardenersargument was soundb because she was cleverer than other chimpsc when she wanted to eatd while she was at a research center in ellensburge because she could use sign language to ask for fruitsf while washoe was learning sign language答案与题解:1. c 第一段主要介绍黑猩猩 washoe 的出生地、死亡年龄、被带到美国学习美式手语等一般情况。用 general information about washoe 来概括是很准确的。2. b 第二段的关键句是: in 1969 ，the gardners described washoes progress in a scientific report。随后的句子简略介绍了 washoe 的学习情况和结果，如已学会 250 个单词，并能用手语表达该吃饭了等概念。所以，report about washoes progress in learning sign language (选项 b) 是答案。3. e 第三段介绍了对 gardener 夫妇发表的报告有两种不同的解读。一派认为 washoe 的手语能力只是机械重复、死记硬背、物质激励的结果，不是智能的表现。另一派认为这是智能的表现，其证据是 washoe 还能教三个小猩猩学习手语。争论的焦点是黑猩猩有没有智能。选项 e 用 debate 来概括上述争论，所以是答案。4. a 第四段解释了为什么现在从事这项研究的科学家人数不多。部分原因是研究周期太长。5. c 选 c 的依据是第二段第四句: washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat。6. a第三段的上半段说了一些科学家对 gardener 夫妇的实验的解读所持怀疑态度。题干中出现的 doubted 引导我们选 a。7. d 选 d 的依据是第三段的最后一句，即 he took washoe to a research center in ellensburg，washington. there，washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.8. e 本文第二段谈到实验的成果时有这一个句子: she could request foods like apples and bananas.根据全段意思和上述句子，选择 e 是正确的。第四部分 阅读理解顺序出题原则：出题顺序与行文顺序一致原则重点篇章（黑体斜体）要着重看，记住答案。具体解题步骤: 一、首先通过文章标题及文章的开始确定中心思想。 二、确定中心思想后，浏览各个小题题干，标出关键词(大写单词、数字、年代、引号中内容、单词后有中文注解)。 三、浏览第一题题干及其选项，筛选选项。1、在阅读选项时可留下相同项最多的两个，再回原文进行比对。2、选项中有all/every/only时，一般都不是正确答案。3、出现bothand,all of the above，a and b的选项一般就是正确答案。4、一般选项中出现了中心词，而其他没有出现时，该项为正确答案。5、出现多个数字要多加小心。6、如选项较长，就先读容易的选项。如无较容易的选项，就从d往a看。四、如选项中无提示，便从头阅读文章。一旦发现出现题中的关键词，立即放慢速度，认真将该句后面句子及前面句子与题中选项进行比对。（正确选项中会出现文中