敦化市集中供热工程可研报告2.doc

geoffrey loves. he prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with jenny. he had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course, it was a great success. as soon as he had finished, jenny told him she wanted to go home. geoffrey was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked. on the way home, he asked jenny if she had enjoyed the speech. to his surprise, she said she hadnt. geoffrey asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him!lesson64 the channel tunnel 海峡隧道in l858, a french engineer, aime thome de gamond, arrived in england with a plan for a twenty-one mile tunnel across the english channel. he said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the channel. this platform would serve as a port and a railway station. the tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea-level. in 1860, a better plan was put forward by an englishman, william low. he suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built. this would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. if, at the time, the british had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a channel tunnel. if it is built, it will connect britain to europe for the first time in history.lesson65 jumbo versus the police 小象对警察last christmas, the circus owner, jimmy gates, decided to take some presents to a childrens hospital. dressed up as father christmas and accompanied by a guard of honour of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called jumbo. he, should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. a policeman approached jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side-street as jumbo was holding up the traffic. though jimmy agreed to go at once, jumbo refused to move. fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. the police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. jumbo must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.lesson66 sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！the hatheld puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, mr john wimpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. the reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. after mr wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. in 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile. while being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. since then, mr wimpenny has had it rebuilt. he has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a dakota. many people have shown interest in this new and unusual sport. but though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the english channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the atlantic.lesson67 volcanoes 火山haroun tazieff the polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. in 1948, he went to lake kivu in the congo to observe a new volcano which he later named kituro. tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. he noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. it threatened to surround him completely, but tazieff managed to escape just in time. he waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. this time, he managed to climb into the mouth of kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. tazieff has often risked his life in this way. he has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. lesson68 persistent 纠缠不休i crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. it was no use pretending that i had not seen him, so i waved to him. i never enjoy meeting bert dykes. he never has anything to do. no matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. i had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.hullo, bert, i said. fancy meeting you here !hullo, elizabeth, bert answered. i was just wondering how to spend the morning-until i saw you. youre not busy doing anything, are you ? no, not at all, i answered. im going to. .would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before i had finished speaking. not at all, i lied, but im going to the dentist. then ill come with you, he answered. theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 but not murder! 并非谋杀！i was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. i had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. after having been instructed to drive out of town, i began to acquire confidence. sure that i had passed, i was almost beginning to enjoy my test. the examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, just one more thing, mr eames. let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. as soon as i tap on the window, i want the car to be stopped immediately. i continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. i suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. the examiner looked at me sadly. mr eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 red for danger 危险的红色during a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. the crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. the bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. the crowd suddenly grew quiet. the drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. when the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. the crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. by this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.lesson71 a famous clock 一个著名的大钟when you visit london, one of the first things you will see is big ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the b.b.c. if the houses of parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. big ben takes its name from sir benjamin hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new houses of parliament were being built. it is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. officials from greenwich observatory have the clock checked twice a day. on the b.b.c. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. big ben has rarely gone wrong. once, however, it failed to give the correct time. a painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! lesson72 a car called bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车the great racing driver, sir malcolm campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. he set up a new world record in september 1935 at bonneville salt flats, utah. bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. it was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. although campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. after his attempt, campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. however, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. his average speed had been 301 miles per hour. since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. following his fathers footsteps many years later, sir malcolms son, donald, also set up a world record. like his father, he was driving a car called bluebird.lesson73 the record-holder 纪录保持者little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. a quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. they have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. he hitch- hiked to dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. when he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to calais. no one noticed the boy as he crept off. from there, he hitch-hiked to paris in a lorry. the driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. the next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of paris as he hoped it would, but to perpignan on the french-spanish border. there he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to england by the local authorities. he has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.lesson74 out of the limelight 舞台之外an ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. but as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.this is a wonderful place for a picnic, said gloria gleam. it couldnt be better, gloria, brinksley meers agreed. no newspaper men, no film fans! why dont we come more often ? meanwhile, two other actors, rockwall slinger and merlin greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. when they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. he looked very angry. now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: im sheriff here. do you see that notice ? it says no camping-in case you cant read ! look, sheriff, said rockwall, dont be too hard on us. im rockwall slinger and this is merlin greeves. oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. well, im brinksley meers, and my other name is gloria gleam. now you get out of here fast !lesson75 sos 呼救信号when a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. the only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. it was the middle of winter. snow lay thick on the ground. the woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. when it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. during the night, it got terribly cold. the woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. then she had an idea. she stamped out the letters sos in the snow. fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. it was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.lesson76 april fools day 愚人节to end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of calabria. macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. two of the leading growers, giuseppe moldova and ricardo brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. the whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the september rains. on the right, you can see mrs brabante herself. she has been helping her husband for thirty years now. mrs brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. this last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! signor fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. and that ends our special bulletin for today, thursday, april 1st. we are now returning you to the studio.lesson77 a successful operation 一例成功的手术the mummy of an egyptian woman who died in 800 b.c. has just had an operation. the mummy is that of shepenmut who was once a singer in the temple of thebes. as there were strange marks on the x-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. the only way to do this was to operate. the operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. the doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. they also found something which the x-ray of the god duamutef. this god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. the doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. they feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. the mummy successfully survived the operation. lesson78 the last one? 最后一枝吗？after reading an article entitled cigarette smoking and your health i lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. i smoked with concentration and pleasure as i was sure that this would be my last cigarette. for a whole week i did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. i had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. my friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. they made no effort to hide their amusement whenever i produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. after seven days of this i went to a party. everybody around me was smoking and i felt extremely uncomfortable. when my old friend brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than i could bear. i took one guiltily, lit it and第一章 概述11项目名称及承办单位111项目名称：敦化市集中供热工程112项目主管部门：敦化市建设局113项目承办单位：敦化市供热公司12设计依据及范围121设计依据a敦化市人民政府2000年6月下发的关于实施敦化市区集中供热工程建设项目文件。b由省规划院及敦化市规划院城建局共同编制的敦化市城市整体规划c由敦化市建设局提供的市区建筑面积分布d关于敦化市集中供热工程项目建设书的批复。122设计范围在本可研报告中，主要核实热负荷，锅炉房规模及锅炉选型，厂址建设条件，燃料供应和本工程其它一些设想，一级管网及换热站设计，并作出经济效益分析及投资估算。工程测量与工程地质，水文工作，锅炉房的环境影响评价工作不列入本可研范围。13城市概况及自然条件131城市概况敦化市位于吉林省东部长白山区，东经12814，北纬22，西距长春市337公里，东距图门市、延吉市191公里，是吉林省的新兴城市之一，敦化市为延边地区所管辖，并列入西部大开发行列。目前，敦化市已形成了以木制口加工，医药制造业为主导的包括机械，纺织，水电等多元化工业格局，其中年产值超亿元的大型企业四户，五千万以上企业15户。市区现有人口20万人，建城区面积给10平方米公里。现有工业企业用户200余家。132自然概况敦化市座落在牡丹江河谷冲积平原上，市区周围群山环绕，牡丹江自西南向东北蜿蜒流经市区，城市北侧还有小石河流过，形成风景的北围山城。敦化市气候属寒温带大陆性季风气候。夏秋季多东南风，冬春多西北风。年平均气温3.2，最高气温34.5，最低气温-38.3，最大冻土深度1.77米，多年平均降水量519毫米。14建设必要性随着我国改革开放不断深入，敦化市工业得到不断发展，城市基础设施不断加以完善，住宅、给水、排水、道路、小区建设，城市绿化已排在省内前列。唯有市区供热还维持在原有小锅炉分散供热上。2000年由供热公司在红旗大街新建一座3台0.7mw(10t/h)锅炉房，其余全部为6t/h以下小锅炉供热。截止2001年统计，采暖锅炉172台，总容量571.4t/h，烟囱161座，分散小锅炉供热效率低，浪费能源，供热成本高，污染环境。进入冬季，处在四面环山的市区风力小，空气对流缓慢，烟囱排出烟尘笼罩在上空，污染空气，直接危害人民的身心健康，据2000年统计敦化市区年耗煤量35.0万吨左右，废气排放总量180000万标立方米，烟尘排放量115000吨，so2排放量4100吨，2000年冬季由市环保局测定，空气中二氧化硫，总悬浮微粒，降尘等指标都超出国家规定值，如果不实现集中供热，小锅炉数量还在增加，能源浪费、空气污染将继续恶化。为此，在敦化市实现集中供热无论从经济效益还是社会效益都是十分必要的。第二章 热负荷21供热现状及发展敦化市区没有可利用余热厂供热，只有161座燃煤锅炉房分散供热，其中供热公司所管辖有九座锅炉房，供热面积40万平方米。市区外围铁东开发区、林业局，三三零五厂、敖东药厂已实行独立供热，不在本供热范围之内。为更清楚了解市区采暖面积分布情况，把供热区域划分为19个区，每个区现有建筑面积及发展面积见供热面积统计表21。从统计表中可以看出：现有供热面积245万平方米，到2010年规划发展面积180万平方米左右，合计供热面积425万平方米。本工程供热规模按照425万平方米考虑。22拟建规模城市供热建大中型区域燃煤锅炉房是国家能源政策提倡的，一是热率qw高，热效率82，能有效的利用能源，小型煤锅炉房热效率只有6070。二是投资少，只有同样供热能力的热电厂投资的十分之一，建设周期短（与热电厂相比）。一至二年可以建成投入使用。三是有利于保护环境，与多个小型燃煤锅炉相比，锅炉房个数少，污染源少，占地面积小，煤碳运输集中方便，除灰，除渣系统机构化程度高，采用湿式硫除尘器效率达98以上，烟尘排放浓度小。四是对供热负荷规模适应性好，供热成本低。建设大型燃煤锅炉房无论是从建设周期、环保要求及市场竞争力都是可行的。因此本工程拟建规模为3台29mw热水锅炉房四座，供热面积425万平方米，三年建成。热平衡见表22。23供热范围和供热参数本工程供热范围为区外环路以内至19区域。四座锅炉房，分别建在长安小区，曙光小区，江滨小区，团结小区。换热站利用原有锅炉房，每座锅炉房承担供热面积及供热范围，换热站数量见表23。由于在本工程供热范围内有住宅、工企等，因此本设计采暖综合热指标为73.3w/m2，一、二级管网间热闹换热，连续运行，一级网供回水温度150/90，一级网量大供热半径2.5公里，最大管径d4787。二级网供回水温度95/70，二级网最大供热半径1.5公里。24主机选型目前国内大型供热锅炉选型主要以哈尔滨锅炉厂等代表的shl29-1.6/150/90散装锅炉，以上海四方锅炉厂为代表的dhl29-1.6/150/90-aii角管式组装锅炉和以营口锅炉厂为代表的dzl29-1.6/150/90水火管锅壳式组装锅炉，后两种锅炉以技术先进性能可靠，结构紧凑，热效益高等优势得到厂泛应用。dzl29-1.6/150/90水灾管壳式组装锅炉主体更简单适用，炉型布置合理，热效率高，初始排尘浓度低，因此本工程初步推荐使用dzl29-1.5/150/90水火管壳式组装锅炉。锅炉主要参数：型号：dzl29-1.6/150/90额定出力：29mw设计工作压力：1.6mpa额定热水出口温度：150额定热水进口温度：90设计效率：82煤种：ii类烟煤锅炉房布置为双层布置方案，运转层高4.5m，双层布置优点是操作环境好，厂房占地面积小，上煤除渣灰方便。供热面积统计表表面21 单位：万m2区号现有住宅现有公企规划住宅规划公企114.675.09211.03.80311.701.14842.1259