托福语法大全.doc

/chess95660toefl语法大全business minds meet here. we succeed together!welcome to chasedream序言&使用说明11989年01月语法题71989年05月语法题121989年08月语法题171989年10月语法题221990年01月语法题261990年05月语法题301990年08月语法题341990年10月语法题381991年01月语法题421991年05月语法题471991年05月语法题511991年10月语法题551992年01月语法题591992年05月语法题631992年08月语法题671992年10月语法题711993年01月语法题751993年05月语法题791993年08月语法题831993年10月语法题871994年05月语法题911994年08月语法题951994年10月语法题991995年01月语法题1051995年05月语法题1091995年08月语法题1131995年10月语法题1171996年01月语法题1221996年05月语法题1261996年08月语法题1301996年10月语法题1341997年01月语法题1391997年01月北美语法题1431997年05月语法题1471997年08月语法题1511997年10月语法题1561997年12月北美语法题1611998年01月语法题1651998年05月语法题1701998年08月语法题1741998年08月语法题1801998年08月北美语法题1851998年10月语法题1901999年01月语法题1951999年05月语法题1991999年08月语法题2041999年10月语法题2092000年01月语法题2142000年05月语法题2192000年08月语法题2242000年10月语法题2292001年01月语法题2342001年05月语法题2392001年08月语法题2442001年10月语法题2492002年01月语法题2532002年05月语法题2582002年10月语法题2632002年08月语法题2682002年09月语法题2722003年01月语法题2751996年12月北美语法题2802003年8月语法题2852003年10月语法题2902004年1月语法题2952004年05月语法题299pp test 1 语法题笔记304pp test 2 语法题笔记321普林斯顿样题 1337普林斯顿样题 2342普林斯顿样题 3347普林斯顿样题 43511989年01月语法题1. the flexibility of film allows the artist _ unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.(a) to bring(b) bringing(c) is brought(d) brings答案：a测试点：不定式。分析：allow+sb十不定式为固定结构。4个答案中只有(a)to bring是不定式。2. traditionally, _in new england on thanksgiving day.(a) when served is sweet cider(b) when sweet cider is served(c) is served sweet cider(d) sweet cider is served答案：d测试点：主谓结构。分析：原句主、谓俱缺，应选一完整的主语+谓语的结构，即(d)。(a)、(c)不通，(b)则是从句，不适合此句。3. typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent _, or pronghorn.(a) it is the american antelope(b) the american antelope is(c) is the american antelope(d) the american antelope答案：c测试点：倒装句。分析：typical of放在句首的句子，要用倒装句。typical of短语是表语，应在答案中选择“系动词+主语”的结构，即(c)。解题要点：遇倒装句在4个答案中寻找以系动词 (be)开始的结构。4. lillian d. wald, public health nurse and _, was born in cincinnati ohio, in 1867.(a) reforming society(b) social reformer(c) who reformed society(d) her social reform答案：b测试点：并列结构。分析：本句and前后都应是说明身份的名词性成份，故应选 (b) social reformer与nurse并列。(a)为动词性的分词词组；(c)是从句；(d)虽是名词性的，但不说明身份。5. copper sulfate, spread in judicious amounts, kills algae _ harming fish or aquatic invert-ebrates.(a) does not(b) but does no(c) except(d) without答案：d测试点：介词。分析：空格后的harming是动名词，前面应加介词，故选(d)。(a)是谓语动词的否定式，而farming不是谓语动词：(b)可以说does no harm (to)，但不能说does no harming；(c)虽为介词，但意思不对。6. of the millions who saw haleys comet in 1986, how many people _long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.(a) will they live(b) they will be living(c) will live(d) living答案：c测试点：谓语。分析：这句话有主语但缺少谓语动词，所以选择能作谓语的(c)。(a)、(b)结构是错误的，而且都重复了主语they；(d)不是谓语动词形式。7. _that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.(a) anthropologists have discovered(b) anthropologists discovering(c) the discovery by anthropologists(d) discovered by anthropologists答案：a测试点：复合句。分析：空格后紧接that时，前一定是主句。故要在4个答案中选主谓语完整的结构即(a)。其余3个答案都无谓语动词。解题要点：连接词that在toefl结构题中是至关重要的提示符号。它表明此句是复合句，故that前后均应是主谓完整的句子，即主句和从句。8.in 1964_of henry ossawa tanners paintings was shown at the smithsonian institution.(a) was a major collection(b) that a major collection(c) a collection was major(d) a major collection答案：d测试点：主语。分析：此句缺少主语。答案中只有(d)是名词结构，能够充当主语。9. _irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.(a) its(b) where its(c) since its(d) because of its答案：d测试点：介词短语。分析：逗号后为一完整的句子，则逗号前只有两种可能；短语或从句。4个答案中无一有谓语动词，故正确答案只可能是短语。因此，选择(d)。because of为介词短语。(c)since作介词时是“自从”的意思，如表示“因为”则是连词。10.in order to remain in existence,_must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.(a) a profit-making organization(b) a profit-making organization which(c) therefore a profit-making organization(d) whichever a profit-making organization答案：a测试点：主语。分析：助动词must前一定是主语。应选择名词性结构作主语，即(a)。11.the greater the population there is in a locality,_for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.(a) the greater the need there is(b) greater need(c) is there great need(d) the great need答案：a测试点：并列的比较级句型。分析：(the十比较级the+比较级)看到句首the greater,就要开始从答案中寻找相同句型的比较级结构。(a)同样以the greater开头，其后结构亦相同，故选(a)。(b)缺the；(c)及(d)均未用比较级。解题要点：the十比较级the+比较级”结构是toefl常考题型，其前后两个比较级句型应结构对等。12. a historical novel may do more than mirror history; _future events.(a) even influencing(b) it may even influence(c) may even influence(d) that it may even influence答案：b测试点：分号结构。分析：分号的作用相当于句号，分号前后都应是完整的句子，故选 (b)。(a)不是句子；(c)无主语；(d)是从句。13. _a child, sculptor anne whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic talent that her parents recognized and encouraged.(a) has been(b) it was while(c) she was(d) as答案：d测试点：介词。分析：as a child是一介词短语，作状语，后面是完整的句子。14. it is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes_round shape into a teardrop shape.(a) of the drop(b) the drops(c) drop of(d) drops their答案：b测试点：定语。分析：round shape前缺限制它的定语，故选名词所有格(b)the drops。另，注意change为及物动词，后面直接加宾语，无须再加任何介词，故排除(a)。15._modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.(a) if(b) but(c) with(d) once答案：c测试点：介词。分析：modern offices becoming more mechanized是动名词，做介词with的宾语。(a)、(b)为连词，后接从句；(d)为连词时意为“一旦”，作副词时则是“曾经”，“一度”的意思。16. not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the united states until 1933, when frances perkins became secretary of labor.答案：a测试点：否定词。分析：no，not以及none这三个否定词的用法，常在题中故意混淆。副词not不能修饰名词woman，此外应用形容词no。解题要点：no或not出现在toefl改错题中，应首先考虑其是否正确。17. the human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival. 答案：c测试点：词性。分析：此处修饰名词nutrients要用形容词certain，不用名词certainty18. too much electric current may flow into a circuit as a result either of a fault in the circuit and of an outside event such as lightning.答案：d测试点：连词短语分析：eitheror的用法。看到either这个词，要注意寻找其后是否有相应的or。and应为or。解题要点；eitheror，neithernor, bothand等连词习语为toefl常考题型，注意其前后搭配。19. the appalachian trail, extending approximately 2,020 miles from maine to georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world.答案：c测试点：最高级。分析：形容词或副词前有the，后有in the world等表示范围类的短语，应当用最高级形式。此处longer应为longest。解题要点；当toefl改错题中出现划线的形容词或副词的比较级或最高级形式时，应注意其用法是否正确。20. for years, elephants were hunted for food and ivory, and as a result theirs numbers have been greatly reduced.答案：b测试点：词性。分析：numbers为名词，前面要用形容词性的代词their。theirs为名词性质。21. barges which carrier most of the heavy freight on rivers and canals are usually propelled by towing. 答案：a测试点：词性。分析：carrier是名词，而此处需要谓语动词。应为carries。解题要点：名词后缀-er,-or,-tion,-sion等形式出现在toefl改错题中，应引起特别注意。22. although afflicted by serious eyesight problems, alicia alonso was one the principal stars of the american ballet theater and later formed her own dance company.答案：c测试点：习语。分析：one of the+复数名词名词词级是固定说法，此处缺of.23. the ritual combat of animals are triggered by precise signals. 答案：b测试点：主谓数的一致。分析：主语是单数的combat,系动词要用心解题要点：介词短语of animals是名词combat的定语，这类以of引接的定语后置结构要特别注意主谓的数是否一致。24. it is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effective than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure ones meaning.答案：b测试点：并列结构词性。分析：and的前后部分应同词性、同性质，此处应用副词effectively与and前的simply和directly并列，不用形容词effective。25. different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long. 答案：d测试点：词性分析：表示“在长度方面”固定的说法是in length，不用long。从词性考虑，介词诅后要加名词(1ength),不能加形容词(1ong)。解题要点；toefl考题中表示长(1ong，length),高(high，height),深(deep，depth)等词的名词及其形容词形式常常混淆。26. according to some theories derived from psychoanalysis, life is supposedly easier and mo re pleasant when inhibitions overcoming.答案：d测试点：词形。分析：inhibitions前有连接词when，说明其后应为主谓完整的从句。overcoming不是谓语动词的形式，应为are overcome。27. when rainbows appear, they are always in the part of the sky opposite directly the sun. 答案：d测试点：词序。分析：介词和它的宾语之间不要加入副词。此处副词directly应在介词opposite之前。28. benjamin franklin drew a political cartoon that is credited raising 10,000 volunteers for the american revolutionary war.答案：c测试点：习语。分析：be credited with是固定短语，表示“被认为取得某种成就”。29. the begins of the modern chemistry laboratory go back to the workrooms of medieval lchemists.答案：a测试点：词性。分析：此处要求名词作主语，而begins则是动词形式。应为beginnings30. in many pieces of music there is a dominant theme on which the restful of the composition is centered.答案：c测试点：习语词性。分析：the rest of是固定短语。从词性的角度来分析，冠词the后面应接名词。31. luminescence refers to the emission of light by means another than heat. 答案：c测试点：other和another的用法。分析：遇有划线的another或other要加以注意，这两个词常被相互错用。此处应为other。other than是固定说法，表示“除了，不同于”。32.in a representative democracy, the people election delegates to an assembly. 答案：c 测试点：词性。分析：此处需一动词作谓语，而election是名词。解题要点；参见本套考题的第(21)题。33.george washington carver found hundred of uses for the peanut, the sweet potato, and the soybean and thus stimulated the cultivation of these crops.答案：a测试点：习语。分析：表示不确定数目的短语，如hundreds of，thousands of，millions of等，均用复数。34. a citadel, a fortress designed for the defense of a city, usually standed on top of a hill. 答案：d测试点：不规则动词的词形变化。分析：这类考题数量虽不多，但考的是最基本的知识，不应做错。stand的过去式是stood，standed是个错字。解题要点；stand-stoodstood及begin-began-begun等不规则动词变化形式要记牢。35. conservative philosophers argue that the very structure of society is threatening by civil disobedience, while humanists stress the primacy of the individual conscience.答案：b测试点：被动语态。分析：系动词 (be)和介词by同时出现是被动语态的信号，它们之间的动词要用过去分词。此处threatening应为threatened36. since 1971 the regional corporations set up in alaska by congress managing everything from fishing to banking. 答案：c测试点：词形。分析：此处需要谓语动词形式have managed。句中set up为过去分词短语，修饰前面的名词主语corporations。另外注意 (d)banking为名词，意为“银行业”。37. a rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets carry a supply that last just a few seconds.答案：d测试点：主谓数的一致。分析：that为从句主语，后接动词作其谓语。而that代指单数的a supply故其谓语也应用单数形式的lasts。38. textile art is known for both its tactile and vision qualities. 答案：c测试点：词性/并列结构。分析：连词and要求它两边是同词性、同性质的成份。此处and一边是形容词tactile，另一边应当也是形容词visional，不用名词vision。39. the metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. 答案：d测试点：时态。分析：若句中有表示具体时间的状语，如in the nineteenth century等，则不能用现在完成时，而要用一般过去时。此处has been为was。40. gulls can often be see swooping over large bodies of water. 答案：b测试点：词形/被动语态。分析：系动词be后不能加动词原形，此处应以be+过去分词表示被动。see应为seen。1989年05月语法题1. the difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while_.(a) spoken is slander(b) is spoken slander(c) slander is spoken(d) is slander spoken答案：c测试点：词序/主谓结构。分析：连词while后连接句子，两边是对比关系，同句式、同结构。本句while前的libel is printed为“主系表”结构，应在答案中寻找相同的结构，即(c)。2. great numbers of tiny shelled animalson the ocean floor.(a) live(b) living(c) they will live(d) if they lived答案：a测试点：谓语。分析：空格前是名词性成份，作句子主语，应在答案中选择谓语动词，即(a)。(b)不能单独作谓语；(c) 重复了主语，(d)是从句。3. the knee is the joint _the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.(a) when(b) where(c) why(d) which答案：b测试点：从句连接词。分析：空格前的joint表示地点，定语从句的连接词应当用指示地点的where。(a)指时间；(c)指原因；(d)指事物；且与从句中的主语the thigh bone重复。4. closed plane figures like the square or the equilateral triangle can be grouped into a class _polygons.(a) called(b) to call(c) is called(d) call as答案：a测试点：分词短语作后置定语。分析：横线前的class是名词，其后的部分应是它的定语。这个定语要么是从句，要么是短语。4个答案中无完整的从句，只有(a)是过去分词，可与横线后的polygons组成短语，故选(a)。(c)如加上关系代词which或that则亦为正确。(b)to call应为被动语态(to be called)，这种结构通常省掉to be，成为(a)的形式。解题要点：分词短语作后置定语是toefl考题中反复出现的题型。它实际上等于系词(be)结构的定语从句省去whichthat+be部分，只保留分词及其后成份。5. acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have _, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.(a) tastes sharp(b) sharp-tasting(c) a sharp taste(d) tasting sharp答案：c测试点：宾语。分析：动词have要求名词性的成份作它的宾语，应在答案中选择名词或名词词组，即(c)。(a)是系表结构；(b)是形容词；(d)是分词短语。6. _the history of the tough, strong-willed nebraska farmer.(a) not only is much of the history of nebraska(b) although it is much of the history of nebraska that is(c) it is much the history of nebraskas being(d) much of the history of nebraska is答案：d测试点: 主谓结构。分析：空格后只剩下名词性的成份，说明句子缺少主语和谓语动词，应在答案中寻找主语+动词的形式，即(d)，much为名词。7. billie holidays reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability _emotional depth to her songs.(a) be giving(b) are given(c) being given(d) to give答案：d测试点：不定式/习语。分析：空格及其后部分是名词ability的定语，应在答案中选择可做后置定语的不定式形式，即(d)。(a)、(b)是谓语动词形式，不能作定语。(c)分词虽可作定语，但用了被动态，与句意不合。解题要点： 与be able to do sth一样，ability to do sth也是固定结构。请务必记住这两个句式。8. _1895 did cornell university begin to offer a degree in ornithology.(a) not until(b) not since(c) until(d) in答案：a测试点：倒装句。分析：看到did出现在主语前，知道句子用了倒装，时间状语1895提前。应在答案中选择用于倒装句的短语，即not until。(b) not since用于完成时态，而本句为过去时；(c)、(d)不适于倒装句。解题要点；not until十倒装句是toefl常考题型。9. uniform acceleration occurs _the rate of change remains the same over successive and equal intervals of time.(a) according(b) if(c) with(d) under答案：b测试点：连词。分析：空格前是一完整的主谓结构的句子，空格后的句子是它的状语从句，所缺为引导状语从句的连词。4个答案中只有(b)if是连词。(c)(d)是介词，(a)是副词，均不可连接从句。10. peoples expectations for a higher standard of living increase _.(a) conditions in their community improve(b) since conditions in their improving community(c) conditions improve in their community(d) as conditions in their community improve答案：d测试点：状语从句。分析：空格前是一完整的主谓结构的句子，后面缺少的应是作状语的短语或从句。4个答案中无相应的短语，只有(d)是完整的从句，故选(d)。(a)、(c)均无连接词，(b)不是完整的句子。11. essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of _reality.(a) what it is conceived(b) that is conceived(c) what is conceived to be(d) that is being conceived of答案：c测试点：名词从句。分析：介词of后只能接名词宾语或名词性宾语从句。what引导的从句为名词从句，而that引导的从句则不可，接在介词后面，故在(a)(c)中选择。但(a)中what与it重复，故选(c)。且be conceived to be是固定结构。12. all of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from plants _wild.(a) once they grew(b) they grew once(c) that once grew(d) once grew答案：c测试点：定语从句。分析：plants后的成份应是其定语从句，应在答案中选择完整、适当的从句，即(c)。此从句中that作主语，不可省略，故(d)错。(a)与句意不合；(b)不通。13. _relatively costly, the diesel engine is highly efficient and needs servicing infrequently.(a) even(b) it is(c) even though(d) there is答案：c测试点：连词。分析：逗号前后两部分意思相反，需表转折关系的连词，即(c)。解题要点；连词even though如引导主系表结构的从句，则常常省去主语和系词be，此句即省掉了the diesel engine is在结构题中的四个答案中如有even though，应当首考虑这个选择。14. _images out of clay, stone, and metal.(a) the shaping of sculpture(b) sculpting the shapes(c) to shape sculpture(d) sculptors shape答案：d测试点：主谓结构。分析：本句主、谓语俱缺，应在答案中选择主谓结构的形式，即(d)。15. _dates from the end of the eighteenth century.(a) the modern circus(b) that the modern circus(c) while the modern circus(d) the modern circus that答案：a测试点：主语。分析：dates是谓语动词，前面缺少主语。应在答案中选择名词或名词组作主语，即(a)。16. the boiled point of any liquid is determined by the pressure of the surrounding gases. 答案：a测试点：词形。分析：“沸点”的固定说法是boiling point，不用boiled。现在分词和过去分词有时会被故意用错，应记住现在分词有“正在进行”的意义，而过去分词则给人“已经完成”的感觉。试比较boiled water(煮开过的水)。17. the ranger spacecraft it provided more than 17,000 pictures of the moon. 答案：a测试点：多词。分析：名词space craft做主语，it多余。18. many people who live in new york city thinks that life in a large city offers special advantages.答案：b测试点：主谓数的一致。分析：主语是复数的many people，因此谓语动词也要用复数形式think19. the scientific revolution of the early 1900s affected education by change the nature of technology.答案：c测试点：词形。分析：介词by后面不能加动词原形，应改用其动名词形式changing。20. meadowlarks are about the same size than robins, but they have heavier bodies, shorter tails, and longer bills.答案：b测试点：习语。分析：看到the same应注意其后是否有as。sameas结构是toefl考题中常出现的一种同级比较结构。21. on may 20,1932, amelia earhart became the first woman fly solo across the atlantic ocean.答案：c测试点：后置定语。分析：the first woman后面是定语而不是谓语，不能用动词原形fly，而应用flying，或to fly。解题要点: the firstto do是toefl常考习语。22. translated into terms of psychological theory, association has been thought of as the basis of to learn, conditioning, and creative thinking.答案：c测试点：词形并列结构.分析：介词of后不能加不定式(to learn),而应加动名词。此外，后文and要求两边同词性、同性质，因此，应当用learning与conditioning和thinking并列。23. the statue of liberty was originally proposed in 1865 to commemoration the alliance of france with the american colonies during the american revolution.答案：c测试点：词性分析：(c)前面的to是动词不定式的符号，而commemoration是名词，此处应用动词commemorate。解题要点：名词后缀-tion形式出现在toefl改错题中，应首先考虑其词性的对错。24. reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the arctic.答案：b测试点：more和much常被错用。分析：记住more十形容词原级构成比较级。根据句意，此处应以more abundant与后文absent比较。25. alike light waves, microwaves may be reflected and concentrated. 答案：a测试点：like和alike的用法。分析：这两个词经常相互用错。alike的词性是形容词或副词，而like可以是介词。此处需用介词like。解题要点: like或alike出现在toefl考题中，应当予以首先考虑。26. industrial buyers are responsible for supplying the goods and services that an organization required for its operations.答案：d测试点：时态一致。分析：以不划线的are做线索，看出本句的基本时态是现在时，讲述的是一般性的事实。故此处不应用过去时，required应为require27. the most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom.答案：a测试点：最高级。分析：遇到含有形容词最高级的题时，既要注意the和-est或most是否缺失，也要注意-est和most是否重复使用。此处most多余。28. farm animals have been regardless by nearly all societies as a valuable economic resource.答案：