某某万头猪场沼气项目可研报告1.doc

have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. the whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the september rains. on the right, you can see mrs brabante herself. she has been helping her husband for thirty years now. mrs brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. this last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! signor fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. and that ends our special bulletin for today, thursday, april 1st. we are now returning you to the studio.lesson77 a successful operation 一例成功的手术the mummy of an egyptian woman who died in 800 b.c. has just had an operation. the mummy is that of shepenmut who was once a singer in the temple of thebes. as there were strange marks on the x-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. the only way to do this was to operate. the operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. the doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. they also found something which the x-ray of the god duamutef. this god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. the doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. they feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. the mummy successfully survived the operation. lesson78 the last one? 最后一枝吗？after reading an article entitled cigarette smoking and your health i lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. i smoked with concentration and pleasure as i was sure that this would be my last cigarette. for a whole week i did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. i had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. my friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. they made no effort to hide their amusement whenever i produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. after seven days of this i went to a party. everybody around me was smoking and i felt extremely uncomfortable. when my old friend brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than i could bear. i took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. my wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. anyway, as brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. he himself has done it lots of times! lesson79 by air 乘飞机i used to travel by air a great deal when i was a boy. my parents, used to live in south america and i used to fly there from europe in the holidays. an airhostess would take charge of me and i never had an unpleasant experience. i am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have i ever felt frightened. after taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. while we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. the police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. after we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.lesson80 the crystal palace 水晶宫perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the crystal palace, which was built in hyde park for the great exhibition of 1851. the crystal palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. it was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. a great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. there was also a great deal of machinery on display. the most wonderful piece of machinery on show was nasmyths steam hammer. though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the channel from europe. on arriving in england, they were taken to the crystal palace by train. there were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. later, the crystal palace was moved to south london. it remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.lesson81 escape 脱逃when he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead mans clothes. now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. he could hear shouting in the camp itself. lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. at that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. the officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. when they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. the man obviously wanted to talk. he was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. the prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. as the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could. lesson82 monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near madagascar. a small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. when it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. it had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, the fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.lesson83 after the elections 大选之后the former prime minister, mr wentworth lane, was defeated in the recent elections. he is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. my friend, crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of mr lanes radical progressive party. after the elections, crawley went to the former prime ministers house. when he asked if mr lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-prime minister had gone abroad. on the following day, crawley went to the house again. the same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when crawley asked the same question. though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. the day after, crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. this time, the policeman lost his temper. i told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, mr lane was defeated in the elections. he has retired from political life and gone to live abroad ! i know, answered crawley, but i love to hear you say it ! lesson84 on strike 罢工busmen have decided to go on strike next week. the strike is due to begin on tuesday. no one knows how long it will last. the busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. many owners of private cars are going to offer free rides to people on their way to work. this will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. all the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. the students are going to take the test in two days time. even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. but so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the press. only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!lesson85 never too old to learn 活到老学到老i have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, mr regmald page, will be retiring next week. pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. all those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmasters home. we shall all remember mr page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. a great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next thursday. it is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, mr page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. after he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. for him, this will be an entirely new hobby. but this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. lesson86 out of control 失控as the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. he waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. the speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that the某某省农业科学院六合万头猪场沼气配套工程项目可行性报告编写时间：2006年6月5日目录一、 项目情况摘要二、 项目建设的必要性和可行性三、市场供求分析及预测四、 项目建设单位的基本情况五、工艺技术方案分析六、项目建设目标七、项目建设内容八、投资估算和资金筹措九、建设期限和实施的进度安排十、项目的组织管理和运行十一、效益分析与风险评价十二、结论与建议项目名称：某某省农业科学院六合万头猪场沼气配套工程项目主管部门：某某市农林局承担单位：某某省农业科学院建设地点：某某市六合区某某镇编写单位（章）：某某省农业科学院一、 项目情况摘要某某省农业科学院六合动物科学基地万头猪场项目是由某某省农业科学院投资，主要生产种猪和安全无公害肉猪，规划猪场年出栏1.21.4万头，每天产生粪便11吨、污水100吨。猪场依山傍水，猪舍错落有致，粪便和污水能够顺势往下流动，在最低处建1个厌氧池，池容1000立方米左右的污水处理沼气工程；有机肥加工中心1000平方米，年生产有机生物复合肥2920吨，年沼气发电87500度，配套建设沼液综合利用设施，实现粪便和污水的封闭运行，彻底改善养殖区的生产和生活环境，确保生猪的高品质、高品位、高效益的生产。本项目以环境效益和社会效益为主，兼顾经济效益。项目建成后，污水处理中心年生产有机复合肥2920吨，沼气发电8.75万度，年收入116.80万元，生产运行成本72.84万元，年效益43.96万元；沼气能满足生产户的饮食用能、照明用能和冬季取暖用能，年效益3.36万元；沼液的综合利用能为当地农民节省肥料约20万元。项目运行年利润63.72万元，投资回收期5年。项目建成后，实行运行法人制管理，污水处理中心实行法人制运作，每年的利润为43.96万元。项目建成后，能很好地改善养殖区的生产环境，减轻污染，实现生猪生产的环境无害化，提高产品的市场竞争力，为促进现代农业的工业化、生态化生产提供探索的示范，对我省未来农业的可持续发展具有重要意义。二、 项目建设的必要性和可行性1、畜牧业快速发展，粪便污染不容忽视、随着某某省农业产业结构的调整，畜禽养殖业发展迅猛，畜禽养殖已成为农业增效、农民增收的重要途径。在发展农村经济、提高效益、增加农民收入的同时，由于大量的畜禽粪便无法及时得到妥善的处理，又对环境造成了严重的污染。据有关资料统计：一个千头奶牛场年产粪便12000吨；一个万只鸡场年产粪便750吨；一个万头猪场的年产粪便量约为3600吨，年产尿量约5400吨。此外，还需要耗费5万多吨猪舍冲洗水。如此大的粪水量，日积月累地在各大城市周围形成了庞大的污染源。全省畜禽养殖污水排放总量达9亿多吨，集约化养殖场占的比重较大。畜牧业的发展和生产方式的转变，既促进农业增效、农民增收，但同时也带来了畜禽粪便污水大量增加并集中排放，对周围环境造成了极其严重的影响，畜牧业的粪便污染制约了农业生产的可持续发展：一是污染水质。粪便中的某些有害物质，如蛋白质、脂肪酸腐败的产物（也是粪便恶臭的构成物质）能溶解于水，使水具有臭味，从而恶化了水质。这些腐败性有机物质进入水体，经微生物分解后，会释放氮、磷等富营养成分，促使水中藻类等水生生物大量繁殖，引起水质的富营养化。另外，粪便中的病原微生物（或寄生虫等）进入河道后，能够通过水体或水生动物进行快速的扩散和传播，直接或间接的传染各种疾病。二是污染空气。在厌氧条件下，畜禽粪便在某些微生物的作用下，碳水化合物分解为甲烷、有机酸和醇类的带酸臭味的气体；蛋白质和脂类分解为氨、硫化氢、甲硫醇和粪臭素等有恶臭的含氮和硫的化合物。这些臭气严重恶化畜禽场内外大气环境质量，对畜禽业工作人员产生危害，还会影响畜禽的生产性能、降低其生产力水平。三是污染土壤。进入土壤的畜禽粪便，其中的有机物质本来可以通过微生物的作用完全分解，向土壤提供植物生产所需要的营养物质，但是由于粪便堆积不施入土壤，堆积养殖场附近，超过堆积土壤消化的能力，就造成土地污染。还有一些以土壤传播为主的传染病，这些病原体往往可以在土壤中寄生或以芽孢等形式在土壤中存活许多年，如炭疽和破伤风等，许多寄生虫也可以经土壤或土壤中生活的动物广为传播，形成潜在危险。2、沼气产业正在成为生态农业新的增长点沼气建设是“中央一号”文件明确的“六小工程”之一。首先，某某省明确提出建设“生态某某”的战略目标，在全国率先打出生态品牌，要求全省在新的历史阶段，围绕人的全面发展，促进人与自然的和谐、物质文明和精神文明的协调，走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，走资源节约型、清洁生产型、生态保护型、循环经济型的经济发展之路。第二，某某省正在大力推行“绿色农业”工程，准备在全省全面构建绿色农业生产体系、绿色农业生态体系、绿色农业认证体系。其中开展推广畜禽场粪便和污水的无害化处理工程建设和生态农牧业模式，进行主体开发利用，实现物流、能流良性循环，减少污染等措施是建设绿色农业的重要手段。近几年来，某某省农村能源办公室根据全省经济发展情况，进一步加大了沼气技术推广力度，以项目为载体，大力实施沼气工程项目和户用沼气项目，积极推广各种“猪沼粮”、“猪沼果”等能源生态模式，并通过试点示范，辐射推广，促进全省生态农业的发展。沼气工程不仅为农民提供优质燃气，而且通过沼液和沼渣的综合利用，逐步实现畜禽粪便的无害化和资源化处理，促进了农业的可持续发展。3、项目选择在六合某某镇的合理性和可行性六合万头猪是某某省农科院在六合某某镇建设动物科学基地的重要组成部分，是现代畜牧业科技成果转化示范中心、现代畜牧业生产和新农村建设相结合的示范基地。目前，猪场的选址和征地工作已经基本完成，在完成工程设计、通过论证后即将启动建设；沼气发酵来处理猪场粪便等废弃物是切实加强畜牧业环境治理、走生态畜牧业的发展模式的最有效办法。猪场地块位于某某镇金磁水村 , 北至北部干线南150米 , 东至王云村民组 , 南至金磁山，生产区约199.5亩（380米x 350米）。地势高低落差较大 , 南北向为两边高中间低 , 东西向为西高东低 , 地面高程最高为 28 米左右 , 最低为 15 米左右。办公生活区位于生产区和北部干线之间而紧靠生产区，占地面积28亩。猪场有独特的地理条件，粪便和污水能够顺势往下流动，污水的处理成本相对较低，有利项目的长期运行。本项目的实施，将有利于动物科学基地成为一个生态型、集约型、工厂化的农业示范园区，其示范和辐射作用将得到更大的发挥。三、市场供求分析及预测（一） 项目建设的需求目前，规模化养殖场污染已经成为农业生产污染的主要因素，采用沼气技术处理养殖场污水，治理彻底，运行费用低，有经济效益等优势，实施“猪沼气作物”模式，提高综合利益效益，具有广阔的发展前景。该项目既能解决畜禽业污染问题，又为业主提供清洁的能源，为场内和周边农民提供无害化优质有机肥料，特别适合于无公害农产品生产，符合生态农业的需要，也是农业可持续发展的必然需求。由于沼气综合利用工程的诸多优势，对沼气工程建设有强烈的需求，这类项目的实施有利促进养殖业自身发展，提高农民收入，解决农村环境整治，是农业产业化和支持发展的必然要求。（二）产品市场分析1、有机复合肥的市场需求正常的猪粪一般呈中性或弱酸性：ph7.2-8.3，猪粪的肥料养分组成为：猪粪的肥分含量（%）畜粪 水分 有机质 氮（n） 磷酸（p2o5） 氧化钾（k2o）猪粪 81.5 15 0.6 0.40 0.44猪粪中富含有机质，有机质腐熟后形成腐殖质储存在土壤中，腐殖质对改良土壤、培养地力有明显效果。研究表明粪中的碳氮化越高，氮的含量相对越少，氮素就越不容易释放出来。猪粪有机物的组成（%）类别 脂肪 总腐殖质 富里酸 胡敏酸 半纤维 碳氧比猪 11.42 25.98 15.78 10.22 5.32 7.14:1因此，家畜粪便在提高土壤肥力和改良土壤结构方面有着化肥不可代替的作用。有机肥料中的磷是有机磷，肥效优于磷酸钙，被固定的可能性少，相对提高了磷肥肥效。同时畜粪中的有机质在积肥、施肥过程中，经过微生物的加工分解以至重新合成，最后形成腐殖质储存在土壤中。腐殖质对改良土壤、培养地力的作用是多方面的：它能调节土壤水分、温度、空气和肥效，适时满足作用生长发育的需要；能调节土壤的酸碱度，形成土壤的团粒结构；能延长和增进肥效，促进水分迅速进入植物体，并有催芽、促进根系发育和保温等作用。同时有机质腐熟后，形成较高量的胡敏酸，具有典型的亲水胶体性，能把细小的土壤粘结起来形成较大的团粒，构成土壤的团粒结构，同时胡敏酸在转化过程中释放能量，能刺激作物根系多吸收养分，改良土壤提高产量。由于有机肥的肥效和其特有的性质，使用有机肥料生产有机食品、优质农产品和无公害绿色食品，改善瓜果，蔬菜等农产品的品感品质，提高产品档次，这也日益得到大众的认可。据估算，全国每年需求量在1.8亿吨左右，而现有有机肥生产量在17万吨，仅占种植绿色食品和蔬菜需求有机肥料的0.85%，市场需求很大，有机肥料生产具有广阔的发展空间和前景。工业化制成的有机肥料（如粉状、颗粒状有机肥料），有机质含量高，贮存运输，更加方便，一般粉状有机肥料在350-500元/吨左右，颗粒状有机肥料在850元/吨左右，而化肥的价格一般约为600元/吨，有机固肥具有明显的价格优势，因此适合大面积推广使用。目前有机固肥产品使用的主要对象为蔬菜、果园等绿色食品基地，还用于城镇绿化和花卉培养。随着市场经济的发展，有机绿色农产品将实行优质优价，这样对有机因肥的需求将会越来越大。2、沼气发电的市场需求农村电力紧缺状况日益明显，严重影响农业规模化生产。特别是在夏天，由于停电，养殖场的供水、通风、降温得不到解决，生猪高温死亡情况非常严重，直接影响企业的生产和效益。同时由于目前规模化养殖步伐加快，现代化养殖技术的利用，污水和粪便的清理采用机械化，由于停电造成清理不及时，造成养殖场污水四溢，蚊蝇孳生，严重影响养殖场的防疫和安全生产。通过沼气发电，可以缓解养殖区内电能供需矛盾，有电时贮存，停电时供应，缺电时补充。3、沼液的市场需求将粪便和污水通过密闭的厌氧发酵，杀灭了害病毒菌，变成腐熟的液状肥料，可对作物实施喷灌、浇灌、滴灌，具有杀虫、防虫、抗旱、保菌、培产增收等多种作用，是生产绿色无公害有机农产品必不可少的肥源。但是沼液利用的商品化还存在一个市场心理需求（农民的认同）不够的问题，因此，沼液的利用只能够为当地的作物提供肥源，但它的商业利用在一段时间内很难实现，不能为污水中心处理带来运行经济效益。五、 项目建设单位的基本情况某某省农业科学院为某某省人民政府直属全额拨款的事业单位，下设13个专业所。全院主要任务是针对国家和某某省农村经济与科技发展的目标和方向，开展应用研究、开发研究以及科技示范和科技服务工作，同时进行应用基础和农业宏观对策研究，为全省农业和农村经济发展提供成果保证和技术支撑。经过多年的努力，现已形成六大优势研究领域：农作物新品种的选育和繁殖技术，包括粮、棉、油、蔬、果等：农作物高产、优质、高效配套栽培技术；农作物病虫草害综合防治技术；肥料的选用和运筹技术；畜禽养殖和疾病综防技术；农业高新技术的研究，包括生物技术、信息技术、原子能农业利用技术等。某某省农业科学院院部占地面积138公顷，其中试验地68公顷，科研和办公用房9万平方米。现有在职职工947人，其中科技人员623人，高级职称科技人员280名(研究员75人)，有大专以上学历的473人（占47.44%），硕士以上研究生143人，有博士研究生导师7名，硕士研究生导师65名，省级以上有突出贡献的中青年专家38人，有107名科技人员享受国家特殊津贴，100多名科技人员在国际、国内学术机构担任重要职务。2002年被国务院批准设立博士后流动站。 某某省农科院畜牧研究所是2001年由原某某省农科院畜牧兽医研究所分设、重组的非营利性研究机构。全所在职职工29人，其中科研人员26人，研究员4人，副研究员6人，硕士生导师5人。该所设有动物遗传资源与生物技术、牧草资源与育种技术、畜产品安全生产与控制技术、动物胚胎发育与胚胎工程、猪育种、食草动物等六个研究领域，同时是某某省畜牧兽医学会、某某省饲料营养研究会、某某市动物胚胎工程中心的挂靠单位。动物遗传育种与繁殖、牧草育种两个学科具有博士后研究点。 十五期间全所共承担国家重点攻关、863、948、国家自然基金及部省级课题等四十余项。获省部级成果奖励2项，国家专利1项，发表论文114篇，著作23部；育成了苏钟猪、苏i系粗毛型长毛兔、宁杂3号狼尾草、苏畜1号多花黑麦草等品种。五、工艺技术方案分析根据六合某某镇万头猪场基地的生产情况，年存栏猪6000多头，年出栏商品肉猪10000头以上，每天排放的污水量为100吨/天，此排污量已结合工程的特点及饲养工艺的要求，在饲养工艺方面进行可操作的调整，进行清洁化生产，考虑到综合利用和有机肥生产的经济性，按清洁化生产的要求，严格控制饲料中重金属等饲料添加剂的使用量，以减少对周围生态环境的影响。因此项目工艺流程遵循生态理念，坚持以下原则： 1、减量化：要治理好畜粪污染，必须从污染的源头抓起，必须有效的削减污染总量，猪粪实行干清粪工艺，节约用水，每棚安装水表一只，计量包干，冲棚、冲凉、可做到少用或不用，把冲棚、冲凉水减少到最低限度，从而减少治理经费，达到将污染源控制在最低限度的目的。2、无害化：选用先进工艺技术，所有污水必须经过封闭式的厌氧发酵工艺，经过一段时间的厌氧发酵。污水中病毒杀灭率96%以上，可无毒无味运行，消除蚊蝇孳生地，切断寄生虫的生产周期，粪便与尿污水全部送沼气站处理，细菌指标达到卫生防疫要求，整个治理过程除进粪草分离间前见到粪外，其余工艺都是封闭式的运行，工作环境优美。3、资源化：有害粪污经过治理，达到变废为宝的目的。粪便治理后可作为花卉、蔬菜、大田作物的有机肥或深加工成有机复合肥。污水、尿水治理经过厌氧发酵的沼液中富含溶解氮、磷、钾和关闭植物生产细胞的黄腐酸，浓缩后可制成植物叶面有机喷施肥。建议将该场的发酵液部分泵压附近蔬菜大田使用，可节省大量农药和化肥，增产增收。该猪场厌氧发酵日均所产生的沼气，经过发电，可供应猪场日常运物的用电。冬季也可供应日光蔬菜温室提供所肥。沼液固液分离后产生的沼渣晒干粉碎后可制成饲料添加剂或有复合肥原料整个工程是变废为宝，资源全面综合利用的示范工程。4、生态化：该项目选项用的先进治理工艺治理后，将治理后的无毒无害的有机肥，泵压到紧靠该场近千亩大田中的玉米田中喷灌，形成“猪污沼饲玉米猪”的生态平衡系统，玉米田间喷施沼液后，可修复长期施用无机肥板结的土壤，可少施或不施农药和化肥，增产增收。整个工程是一个可持续发展的生态环保能源工程，注重资源综合开发利用和生态平衡，利用现代科学技术，通过人工设计生态工程，协调发展与环境之间、资源利用与保护之间的关系，形成生态上与经济上的两个良性循环，是利国利民的实事工程。污水池污水厌氧池酸化池水气分离贮气罐便池粪便池粪便堆肥场沼渣池沉淀池脱 硫农田使用罐便池沼液池贮气柜发电或照明工艺流程说明：1、 废水的预处理：污水通过沟管由场区自流进入污水处理站，废水先经过格栅，去除废水中的稻草和大的悬浮物体，经沉砂井沉砂，去除废水中的砂，这样有利于后道工艺的处理，减少管道等的堵塞情况的发生，废水自流进入集水池。2、 池内清淤泵：进入集水池的废水由泵泵入水力筛网，以进一步去除泵水中的悬浮物体和猪毛等杂物，更有利于厌氧发酵和避免管网的堵塞。水力筛网筛出的浮渣等集中进入集粪池，进行固体堆肥处理。3、 废水的水解酸化：由于畜牧废水的特殊性，其废水中纤维含量较高，并含有大量的悬浮颗粒。水解酸化的作用在于降解部分悬浮物质，将复杂的有机物转化为简单的有机物质，提高畜牧废水的可生化性能，有利于厌氧消化。4、 废水的厌氧消化：采用改良型的uasb发酵工艺，该工艺具有占地面积少、效率高、耐冲击能力强、管理维护方便等特点。根据厌氧出水直接进行综合利用，所以在设计时考虑适当延长水力滞留时间。5、 稳定塘：废水稳定塘属于生物处理设施，废水在塘内滞留的过程中，水中的有机物通过好氧微生物的代谢活动被氧化，或经过厌氧微生物的分解而达到稳定化的目的。好氧微生物的代谢所需的溶解氧由塘表面的大气复氧作用以及藻类的光合作用提供。6、 沼气的贮存与利用：在稳定的工作状况下，污水站每天可产沼气120m3左右。沼气作为清洁高效能源，热值为5500大卡/m3，不允许向外排放而形成第二次污水，沼气必须加以完全利用，沼气经气水分离器、脱硫净化塔、计量后进入150m3沼气贮气柜，沼气在经过阻止回火器后，用于发电，安装60kw沼气发电机组，解决猪场日常运行用电及照明的用电问题。7、 有机肥加工中心：根据处理工艺的需要，中心的主体构筑物一般包括预加工车间、发酵车间、合成车间和仓库，采取彩钢结构厂房，面积1500平方米。8、 沼液综合利用：经厌氧发酵后的液肥必须全部回收利用起来，用以灌溉青料田、养育果林或道旁绿化等。综合利用的主要内容包括管道输送设备、田间贮存池以及液肥喷灌等。（1） 管道输送：选择管道输送的方式，把沼液送到田间。（2） 田间贮存池：贮液期30天以上，采用地面池，高于地面，农田用肥时只需开阀便可自流，省工省运行费，远距离需喷灌，需采用污水泵加压，运行费用也很低。六、项目建设目标项目将建设厌氧发酵池500立方米，50立方米沼气池27个，日污水处理量280吨，污水处理中心沼气年发电量8.76万度，年加工有机肥料1825吨。同时废水在经过厌氧发酵的处理后，绝大部分经发酵处理过