种猪养殖可行性报告1.doc

生态型原种种猪扩繁工程 可行性报告patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. a great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next thursday. it is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, mr page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. after he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. for him, this will be an entirely new hobby. but this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. lesson86 out of control 失控as the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. he waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. the speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. it now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. in less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. after it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. they had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. on this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. the petrol had nearly all been used up. before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.lesson87 a perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据at the time the murder was committed, i was travelling on the 8.0 oclock train to london, said the man.do you always catch such an early train ? asked the inspector.of course i do, answered the man. i must be at work at 10.0 oclock. my employer will confirm that i was there on time. would a later train get you to work on time ? asked the inspector. i suppose it would, but i never catch a later train.at what time did you arrive at the station ?at ten to eight. i bought a paper and waited for the train.and you didnt notice anything unusual ? of course not.i suggest, said the inspector, that you are not telling the truth. i suggest that you did not catch the 8.0 oclock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. you see, on the morning of the murder, the 8.0 oclock train did not run at all. it broke down at ferngreen station and was taken off the line.lesson88 trapped in a mine 困在矿井里six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. if they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. however, rescue operations are proving difficult. if explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. they intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. if there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. as it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with the closest relatives. though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. they have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. if they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. lesson89 a slip of the tongue 口误people will do anything to see a free show-even if it is a bad one. when the news got round that a variety show would be presented at our local cinema by the p. and u. bird seed company, we all rushed to see it. we had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just be- fore the show began. unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come. the only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. he was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. as soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. we all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: this is the poo and ee seed bird company. good ladies, evening and gentlemen !lesson90 whats for supper ？ 晚餐吃什么？though brazil is one of the richest countries in the world, much of it has not yet been developed. it was mainly for this reason that the brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles north-west of rio de janeiro. designed by the great architect lucio costa, the new city, brasilia, replaced rio de janeiro as the capital of brazif in 1960. brasilia has been carefully planned for modern living. its wide roads, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been keptaway from living areas. children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school. housewives can visit-shopping centres on foot, for in these specially designed living areas, cars are unnecessary. at first, the government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave rio and to settle in brasilia. since 1960, however, the population has been growing all the time. brasilia has quickly established itself as the capital of the country. the idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of brazil.lesson91 three men in a basket 三人同篮a pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a royal air force station nearby. he informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. the officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. he said that someone might by spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. the pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. he could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding field-glasses. when the balloon was over the station, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield. the police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two members of parliament and the commanding officer of the station! as the commanding officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing ! lesson92 asking for trouble 自找麻烦it must have been about two in the morning when i returned home. i tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep, so i got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. i was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, i dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.i looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when i saw a policeman. i immediately regretted answering in the way i did, but i said, i enjoy cleaning windows at night.so do i, answered the policeman in the same tone. excuse my interrupting you. i hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station ? well, id prefer to stay here, i said. you see, ive forgotten my key.your what ? he called.my key, i shouted. fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.lesson93 a noble gift 崇高的礼物one of the most famous monuments in the world, the statue of liberty, was presented to the united states of america in the nineteenth century by the people of france. the great statue, which was designed by the sculptor auguste bartholdi, took ten years to complete. the actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by eiffel. before it could be transported to the united states, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built. the site chosen was an island at the entrance of new york harbour. by 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall, had been erected in paris. the following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to america. by the end of october 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the american people by bartholdi. ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through new york harbour to make their homes in america.lesson94 future champions 未来的冠军experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age. at a special swimming pool in los angeles, children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk. babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water, it is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. a game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race. tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. the children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. many pedal their tricycles, but most of them prefer to push or drag them. some children can cover the whole length of the pool without coming up for breath even once. whether they will ever become future olympic champions, only time will tell. meanwhile, they should encourage those among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.lesson95 a fantasy 纯属虚构when the ambassador of escalopia returned home for lunch, his wife got a shock. he looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state. what has happened ? she asked.how did your clothes get into such a mess ? a fire-extinguisher, my dear, answered the ambassador drily. university students set the embassy on fire this morning.good heavens! exclaimed his wife. and where were you at the time ?i was in my office as usual, answered the ambassador. the fire broke out in the basement. i went down immediately. of course, and that fool, horst, aimed a fire-extinguisher at me. he thought i was on fire. i must definitely get that fellow posted. the ambassadors wife went on asking questions, when she suddenly noticed a big hole in her husbands hat. and how can you explain that ? she asked. oh, that, said the ambassador. someone fired a shot through my office window. accurate, dont you think ? fortunately, i wasnt wearing it at the time. if i had been, i would not have been able to get home for lunch. lesson96 the dead return 亡灵返乡a festival for the dead is held once a year in japan. this festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. as they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is laid out for them. specially-made lanterns are hung outside each house to help the dead to find their way. all night long, people dance and sing. in the early morning, the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a 序言中国加入wto之后，国内农产品市场已逐步并将全面开放。作为我国农业产业经济中重要组成部分的养猪业，面临着严峻挑战和难得的机遇。依靠科技创新和管理创新，采用现代高科技养猪技术，提高养猪企业整体素质和效益，科学管理，走产业化经营之路，积极开拓国内、国际市场，以产品质量优势和规模优势应对市场竞争，才能在激烈的市场竞争中求生存，求发展。第一章：项目总论1.1项目概况 项目名称：生态型原种种猪扩繁工程 项目建设单位：江西东盛种猪有限公司 项目法人：乐细娇 项目单位注册资本：捌佰壹拾捌万元人民币1.2项目编制依据 1、国家发展改革委办公厅关于继续组织实施现代农业等高枝术产业化专项的通知(发改办高技2005166号)2江西省制定的江西省国民经济和社会发展第十一五年规划纲要（草案） 3国家有关法律、法规和技术规范1.3项目投资情况 1项目总投资：5980万元2项目建设方案和规模：建设1000头生态型原种场二个、相配套年班产5万吨饲料厂一座、日屠宰600头生猪生产线一条、猪粪尿处理及资源利用生产线一条。 3项目建设地点：江西省抚州市东乡县。第二章：项目的意义和必要性21畜牧业是江西的优势产业1、江西是一个农村人口多、农业比重大的省份。2004年末总人口4283.57万人，其中农村人口2759.48万人，占全省总人口的64.42,高出全国平均水平5.95个百分点。农业增加值711.7亿元，占gdp的比重为20.4，高出全国平均水平5.4个百分点。统筹城乡经济社会发展，建设现代农业，发展农村经济，增加农民收入，对于江西全面建设小康社会具有特别重大的意义。2畜牧业在江西农村经济发展中具有举足轻重的地位。江西畜牧业产值占农业总产值的比重已由改革开放初期的12.8上升到2004年的30.8，已经成为江西农民增产增收的重要渠道。近几年，江西和全国一样，高度重视农业、农村和农民问题，把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作的重中之重。今年江西农村工作会议还提出了今后调整农业结构的新思路，这就是：“希望在山、潜力在水、重点在田、后劲在畜、出路在工”，必将为江西畜牧业的发展迎来又一个春天。3养猪业是江西畜牧业中优势最明显的产业之一。江西历史上一直高度重视养猪业的发展，江西农业结构最典型的特点是“粮食+生猪”。农村每家每户都有养猪的传统，“猪多肥多、肥多粮多、粮多钱多、钱多猪多”是江西传统农业的缩影。22国内外生猪业发展现状中国养猪业源远流长，品种资源非常丰富。在目前世界上存在的300多个猪品种中，收录在中国猪品种志中的中国猪种有60个，其中地方品种48个，培育品种12个。中国猪的存栏数、出栏数和猪肉产量接近世界的一半。2001年中国猪存栏数占世界总存栏数的49.3，肉猪出栏数占世界总出栏数的47.8，猪肉产量占世界总产量的47。同年，欧盟15国猪屠宰20228万头，约70的屠宰头数来自德国、西班牙、荷兰、法国、丹麦等5个主要养猪生产国家。美国、韩国、日本等发达国家养猪水平也很高。东盟各国养猪水平差异很大，泰国2001年列东盟各国前列。中国是世界上第一猪肉生产大国，与养猪发达国家和地区相比，我国猪出栏率较低，头均产肉量也不高。猪的屠宰头数与胴体重量国家或地区屠宰头数(万头)每头胴体重(千克)1990199919901999世界总计92254.5113856.97678亚洲42190.463093.87075中国30991.151977.284.875.7日本2091.01703.07475北美洲11638.513684.87884加拿大1468.31950.07778美国8543.210086.38287欧洲30173.285法国2130.42725.08188德国4914.14430.09189意大利1213.41270.0110112国外的养猪户数在逐渐减少，但户均饲养头数在增加。美国1999年有养猪场9.85万个，2000头规模以下的猪场占90%以上，但呈减少趋势，2000头以上规模的猪场则呈上升趋势。近25年来，台湾养猪户由54.54万户减少到2.62万户，户均养猪规模却扩大了72倍。丹麦1984年有5.2万个养猪场，到1994年已减少到2.7万个，存栏500110000头的猪场数由0.1增加到1.50%，饲养头数由2.6增加到14.1。国内近年来建设了一大批年出栏5000头以上的集约化养猪生产线，小型养猪场、农家养猪的比重在降低。另外，各国饲养的猪品种绝大多数是长白、大白、杜洛克、汉普夏和皮特兰，杜长大杂交模式相当普及，新的优秀品种如斯格、迪卡、pic、达兰等杂优猪饲养规模正在扩大。欧美等养猪发达的国家和地区种猪和猪肉出口占相当大的比例，而我国和东南亚地区则主要是满足内需，出口量很小。国内养猪业发展主要有以下几个特点：1规模养猪发展迅速。2区域型产业化生产加速形成：农业部有关负责人日前表示，我国畜牧业生产区域化形成，区域化发展的优势正在逐步改观。目前我国养猪生产形成了以长江中下游为中心产区向东北两侧逐步扩散的生猪生产带。主产区猪肉产量占全国总量的80以上，其中四川、湖南、湖北、江西、江苏、安徽、广西的猪肉产量占全国总量的43.8。山东、河南、河北猪肉产量占全国总量的21。3猪肉加工体系正在形成：20世纪80年代以来，我国先后从国外引进多条生猪屠宰加工成套生产线，和相关制品关键设备，消化和吸收了一些国际前沿技术和工艺。目前全国生猪屠宰场有5万多个，年加工猪肉制品1200万吨，约占总产量的24，涌现了一批以猪肉加工为主业的大型肉类加工企业。4生猪生产水平还不高：一是商品猪良种普及率不到30，饲养品种较差，导致生产水平和生产效率低下；二是饲料营养技术利用不配套，不同生长饲养阶段存在营养失衡等问题，饲料报酬仍然为3.94.2，与世界发达国家差距很大；三是母猪的繁殖低下，我国每头母猪年平均分娩胎数仅为17胎；四是生猪生产管理和疫病防控措施不健全，发病率较高，仔猪存活率低，平均为84%。由此可见，我国养猪业虽有较大数量规模，但与世界养猪业发达国家相比仍有较大差距，特别是饲养分散、粗放经营，传统的养殖方式与现代养猪业发展要求之间的矛盾日益突出，难以适应人们日益增长的对猪肉产品的需求。2.3国内外生猪养殖技术发展趋势国内外养猪业发展所追求的目标是一致的，即提高母猪年生产力、肉猪生长速度、饲料转化率、瘦肉率和肉质等，技术手段是采用营养、育种、繁殖、疫病防治和环境卫生方面的理论和技术。美英等国家通过育种值估计方法的改进、分子遗传标记的应用、转基因工程技术的发展、超数排卵和核移植的应用，提高了选种的准确性、生长速度、肉质和母猪的繁殖力。国内应用blup方法育种、氟烷敏感性基因（hal)pcr检测(只要在活猪身上拔几根毛即可检测出应激敏感型猪和应激抵抗型猪)已取得成功，在1990年获得了第一批转基因猪，并进行了转基因猪的传代培育。我国养猪主要通过疫苗注射、全群药物控制、淘汰患病猪只等方法控制疫病，而国外养猪发达的国家和地区多采用隔离早期断奶技术(segregated early wearing)和多点生产体系(multi-site production)，既控制了疫病传播，又提高了猪群生产力和养猪生产的经济效益。此外，在猪的营养需要、人工授精、肉的品质、粪尿处理、动物福利、环境控制、自动化管理等方面的研究和应用，欧美发达国家和地区都较国内先进。近十年中我国养猪技术发展取向总体在以下几个方面： 1依靠现代养猪新技术，提高生产力水平实现生产高效已成为养猪业者新的发展目标。以引进世界高品位猪种为起点，结合国内成熟技术经验实施改良，完善生产繁育体系形成自有特色。这是养猪业高效发展最大的技术经济潜力，也是本项目在发展定位上的目标。2追求高胴体瘦肉率和重视种猪的繁殖力，生产高品质、高安全性的猪肉产品是市场经济发展的需要，生猪基本属于卖方市场，竟争激烈。企业生产必须以市场为导向，优化产品品质，才能适应市场需求。本项目在实施过程中，将以此项技术为依托，在经营实践中实现人无我有，人有我优，人优我廉，人廉我转的发展目标战略，树立品牌意识，努力扩大生产规模，不断提高生产科技含量，靠品质和特色打天下。3建立绿色生态园林型企业，运用生物学生态资源综合利用原理，减少对环境影响，降低生产成本，提高综合利用效益，是全球追求的技术新目标，也是本项目实施的重点。我们将采用养猪生产与环保相结合；环境与资源再利用相结合；资源再利用与节支增效相结合的科学循环生产方式，向高效无公害并可持续发展的方向迈进。2.4项目的作用与影响随着社会经济的发展，人们的消费现在发生着根本性的转变，同时主要食品的消费需求由数量型向质量型转化的市场态势也正在形成，对此，从业者面临着新一轮的发展机遇。本项目的实施与推广能产生良好经济效益、社会效益和生态效益：项目在达标生产后，每年可向社会提供父母代优质猪4.3万头，冷鲜肉加工制品近1.3万吨。绿色饲料0.356万吨及其它附属产品。年销售收入24009万元，利润总额1828万元，年创税收54万元以上，经济效益良好，还将对抚州市的农业、饲料加工，皮革和医药等行业产生巨大的拉动作用。项目终端生产采用“公司+养殖户”。经营方式，帮助农户在环保资源利用“五位一体”生态养殖模式下从事生猪生产，可带动区域年新增产值近3亿元，年增加纯收入2000万元，直接带动1.3万户农户进行产业化经营。辐射带动的林果、蔬菜、水产、交通运输。生物能源利用，间接经济效益可达2亿。2.5产业关联度分析养猪产业是带动能力极强的中枢产业。生猪是江西畜牧业的主导产业，也是江西畜牧业经济的优势所在，养猪业占全省畜牧业总产值的65以上，是全省农民收入的重要来源。本项目采用现代多学科技术综合运用于养猪，生产形成规模后，不仅能带动当地畜牧业的发展，加快地方脱贫致富的步伐，而且可推动种植业，特别是果园种植业的发展。本项目可向果园、大棚蔬菜提供大量的生物有机肥料，促进农民增收增效，进而促进农业生态良性循环，还能带动生物能源和运输等相关产业的发展，实现农产品的多次增值。同时对皮革服装、生化医药、流通、教育、科技服务第二、三产业也具有显见的促进作用。项目投产后为农民创造就业机会，项目基地可以直接解决1500人劳动就业，通过“公司+养殖户”形式带动生猪养殖户3000人从事长期专业生产，间接带动林果、蔬菜、水产、交通运输、能源、皮革和服务行业等方面就业人员2万余人。通过“五位一体”生态立体养殖模式，变废为宝，大量经发酵处理后的有机肥将有利于大农业的发展，既缓解用肥之急，又降低用肥成本。2.6市场分析2.6.1国际市场分析2005年上半年，国际市场活猪(芝加哥期货交易所收盘价)平均价格为12184元/吨，同比上升19.0，6月份价格比1月份上升了42.5。2003年6月份起，国际市场活猪价格持续下降，并在当年11月下降到9283元吨，此后活猪价格开始回升，截止到6月份已经连续七个月上升。我国是世界生猪生产大国，但不是出口大国。江西近些年来生猪调出逐年呈下降趋势，如果其主要产品按国际兽医(ote)及进口国“动检”等方面技术检验标准，组织生产提高商品猪的肉质品质，减少药物残留，生猪出口将会大增。据国家海关报到，2005年上半年，我国鲜、冻猪肉累计出口12.4万吨，价值1.8亿美元，分别比去年同期增长38.9和67.5，出口价上涨252美元/吨，涨幅20.7，出口呈现出。“量升价涨”的良好趋势。 2.6.2国内市场分析在市场经济的条件下，商品价格的变化，是价值，产、销、供求关系变动的综合反映。2005年上半年，全国生猪和猪肉的购销价格逐季上升。据30个省市(区)平均，全国生猪收购价格：1季度779元(单价计量为每公斤，下同)、2季度868元、3季度932元，与去年同期相比分别上升288、491和449；猪肉销价：1季度1255元、2季度1336元、3季度1449元，同比分别上升215、358和367。从以上数据表明，2005年前3个季度猪价，肉价变化的特点有三。一是各主产区生猪收购价格上升幅度大于同期全国平均涨幅。以3季度为例，冀鲁豫、苏浙皖6个生产区生猪收购价平均950元，同比上升496，高于同期全国平均涨幅47个百分点；二是各主销区猪肉销价上升幅度大于同期全国平均涨幅。仍以3季度为例，京津沪渝4个直辖市猪肉平均销价1524元，同比上升407，高于同期全国平均涨幅4个百分点；三是猪肉销价升幅明显小于生猪购价涨幅。1-9月全国猪肉平均销价13.47元，同比上升31.3，同期全国生猪平均购价8.60元，同比上升412，销价升幅小于购价升幅99个百分点，这其中除了有少量税费减少因素外，收购、运销和加工、流通环节的差价层层紧缩，也是一个重要原因。这样既支持了生产、兼顾了消费，也有利于各个流通环节的经营。l、现行猪价水平较高，饲养者有较好收益，农民养猪信心增强。目前全国猪价仍处较高价位，其猪粮比价约在1：55左右。按照现行生猪购价和饲料价格，饲养生猪收益较好，农民养猪积极性提高。2、城乡市场猪肉销售增长，流通畅活，也将带动生猪生产的发展。今冬明春是猪肉销售旺季，需求量相对较大。特别是近年来随着经济的快速发展，人民收入普遍增加，社会购买力不断提高，猪肉消费量也逐年上升。我国猪肉的消费主体是农村。这是符合我国实际情况的。首先，我国农村人口仍占多数约7.98亿人，而城镇人口约5.02亿人。前者占61，后者占39：其次，目前农村人口猪肉消费量较低，今后增长潜力巨大。特别是2004年党和政府出台了一系列促进粮食增产和扶农、支农的政策，全年农民现金收入增长10左右，这必将拉动农村购买力的增长，当然也将增加一部分猪肉消费，猪肉销售增长，也将拉动生猪的生产。江西是一个畜牧业大省，畜牧业生产以猪的饲养为主，是我国生猪生产省之一。目前，江西生猪出栏数在2000万头以上，约占全国的4，居全国第四位。 人均肉类消费量统计表(单位：公斤) 项目1998年1999年2000年2001年城镇农村城镇农村城镇农村城镇农村全国19.2213.219.513.8719.814.5620.115.29江西省20.0411.9920.413.7920.7715.8621.1416.7