雪桃示范种植基地建设项目可行性研究报告2.doc

case the novelist intends to point out the profound cause of gatsbys tragedy. dr. watson in the stories of sherlock holmes serves as a foil to the hero, rendering the detective smarter than he would otherwise appear to the reader.by the degree of their development, characters can be grouped as round characters and flat characters. this division is proposed by e.m forster. round characters are fully developed while flat characters are not. or we can say that round characters grow while flat characters do not. usually the reader is allowed access to the inner life of the round character and permitted to learn about many sides of the round character. the flat character is a “closed” character to whose inner thoughts the reader is denied access. usually one side of the flat character is shown in the novel. most heroes are round characters who grow emotionally or spiritually.chapter three themearistotle in poetics lists six basic elements of tragedy. melody (song) and diction (language) fall in the general category of style, and spectacle is relevant to setting in our discussion of fiction. the other three aspects are mythos or plot, ethos or character, and dianoia, which we generally translate into “thought” in english. according to aristotle, plot is the “soul” or shaping principle or fiction, and characters exist primarily as functions of the plot. in most of the stories, plot plays the role of principal structure of the story. but, as northrop frye points out, besides the internal fiction of the character and his/her society, there is an external fiction consisting of a relation between the writer and the writers society. we indeed have literary works by the likes of shakespeare and homer in which artistry is completely absorbed in their internal characters and we can hardly perceive the existence of the author. however, as soon as the authors personality appears on the horizon, a relation with the reader is established, and sometimes there seems no story at all apart from what the author is conveying to his/her reader. in this case, the primary interest in dianoia, the idea or thought that reader gets from the writer, which in modern criticism we generally call “theme”.i. what is theme?one of the safest comments to make about novels is on the theme. everyone is entitled to extract a theme based upon his understanding of the novel. theme may be the most democratic elements in literature, because its definition is the least restrictive. the theme of a novel is its controlling idea or its central insight. being an idea or an insight, the theme should be abstract and it should generalize about life. labeled as controlling or central, the theme should be capable of unifying the whole novel. so the theme of a story, then, is whatever general idea or insight the entire story reveals. ii. clarification about themecommon as it is, theme suffers some misunderstandings. one misconception about theme is that each novel has a theme or themes, or theme is important to all novels. in fact, some novels, interesting ones though, do not provide any insight into life. for example, many novels of ratiocination and novels of horror. these novels are aimed at entertaining the reader, not at improving his understanding of life. they may sometimes touch upon the human nature or social problems, but these issues are only used to push the plot forward and they are not mentioned for their own value. theme exists only in the novel that seriously attempts to reflect life faithfully or intends to reveal truth about life, or in the novels that are based on ideas or theories of life. (for example, novels of ideas).another misconception about theme is that the theme is largely what the novel is. some people discard the novel when they think that they have got the theme. it should be made clear that the novel is not written to convey an idea but to convey an idea artistically. the novel is a work of art whereas the theme is only an abstract idea. an analogy from daily life may help clarify this question. people all need vitamins and get them from various kinds of vegetables and fruits. only those with deficiency of one kind or another have to take vitamin pills to get the required amount. the difference between the theme and the novel is much like that between the vitamins and the vegetables. the reader sometimes finds that the theme of a novel is similar to or even the same as what he has already known about life and that he is still fascinated by the novel. theme appeals solely to the intellectual level of reading while the novel as a whole mainly appeals to the emotional level.another pitfall concerning the theme is to confuse a theme with moral or lesson. usually, a moral or a lesson is the advice stated or implied in a parable or fable. it is something of a rule by which one can regulate his behavior. for example, “be kind to your neighbors,” or “honesty is the best policy.” but a theme is more complicated than this as a novel is to enhance ones awareness of life rather than simply to tell him how to behave.a novel is a complicated matter and different readers may have different interpretations of the same novel, so it is incorrect to presume that one novel has only one theme. in some cases, there are several subthemes to the main theme. in reality, some novels are appreciated for their thematic ambiguity. for example, moby dick can be interpreted in more ways than one.finally, the theme is not to be confused with the subject. the theme is an idea while the subject is a matter or an affair. “love is invincible” may be a theme, but “love” is only a subject. a subject may be universal. the subjects of the scarlet letter, the great gatsby, and women in love are all “love.” but these novels have different themes. a theme is particular to its novel, though there are many similar themes to be found in other novels.iii. five requirements for stating a themethe statement of a theme may be brief or long. and there are different ways to express oneand the same theme. but it should meet the following requirements.a theme must be expressed in the form of a statement with a subject and a predicate. for example, “love of ones country often inspires heroic self-sacrifice.” if a theme is expressed in the form of a phrase, then the phrase must be convertible to sentence form. one can say that the theme of a novel is “futility of envy.” the phrase can be changed to “envy is futile.” when one chooses to state a theme in the phrase form, he must be very careful about its convertibility to sentence form. for instance ,the phrase “selfless maternal love” does not always mean that “maternal love is selfless.”the theme is generalization about life based on the novel, and the statement of theme should be true also of other people or life situations. therefore, names of characters and places should not be mentioned, for they suggest specific things and invite limitations. so in thematic discussion of wuthering heights, one may mention “peoples psychology of revenge,” but not “heathcliffs.”though a theme is a generalization, over-generalization should be avoided. since a theme is extracted from a particular novel (a particular event), it may not be applicable to all situations. so words like “always,” “never,” “all,” and “every” should be avoided. instead, one should use words like “some,” “sometimes,” and “may.” when making a generalization, one should strictly keep to what is actually in the novel and not smuggle into it assumptions supplied from his past experience.since theme is the central and unifying idea of the novel, it must account for all the major details and must not be contradicted by an details in the novel.since a theme is different from a moral or a lesson, one should avoid reducing a theme to a clich or platitude like “beauty is only skin-deep.” if one crams every new experience into an old formula, he loses the opportunity of new perception provided by reading novels.iv. where to look for the themethe novelist may state or imply the theme. he uses every possible method to convey the theme. though the theme is based upon the whole novel, practically, we can specify some important areas in which to look for the theme.how the novel is entitled. the title is the name of the novel and in many cases (almost all cases) the novelist intends it to tell something important about the novel. sometimes the central theme of the novel is present in the title. for example, pride and prejudice is about darcys pride and elizabeth bennets prejudice. main street is about the life of middle-class people in a midwestern town. think what the title of for whom the bell tolls tells about its theme, and as i lay dying.how the novelist shows his interest. if the novelist is interested in something, he would allow more space to it, describing or narrating in great detail. yet, sometimes he emphasizes it by leaving it out, as in the case of ernest hemingway. the point concerned here is that why the novelist gives more attention to this particular character, since or event but not others.how the novelist deals with a common subject. often the novelist has to include in his work some common subjects, but if he treats the common subjects in an uncommon way, it shows that he is trying to convey something new or important in the novel. maybe it is the theme that demands him to do so.important symbols. symbols are loaded with important meanings. so if a symbol appears repeatedly or at important moments, it may point to the theme of the novel. a good example is the letter “a” in the scarlet letter.important speeches. characters talk and in their talk are revealed their judgments of the other characters or event. the characters judgments may give important clues to the theme.v. obvious and unobvious themeobvious theme:the theme of a story, since we know, is whatever general idea or insight the entire story reveals. in some stories, the theme is rather obvious. for example, in aesops fable about the council of the mice that cannot decide who will bell the cat, the theme is stated in the moral at the end: “it is easier to propose a thing than to carry it out.” in some novels, the title may offer a suggestion about the main theme. for example, jane austens pride and prejudice is named after its theme, and the whole story unfolds itself around that theme. in some novels, the title is not so named but the plot exists primarily to illustrate the theme and it is not very difficult for us to infer what it is. for example, uncle toms cabin by h.b.stowe and the grapes of wrath by john steinbeck voice the themes of slavery and migratory labor respectively. the title of the grapes of wrath comes from a line in an extremely famous civil war song, “the battle hymn of the republic.” the line is, “he is trampling out the vintage where the grapes of wrath are stored,” which means “an unjust or oppressive situation, action or policy that may inflame desire for vengeance: an explosive condition.” the song was written by a famous and influential social activist, julia ward howe. unobvious theme: but in most literary works of fiction, the theme is seldom so obvious. that is, generally a theme is not a moral nor a message, neither is it clearly conveyed in the title. when we finish reading a finely wrought story, it is easier to sum up the plotto say what happensthan to describe the main idea. to say of james joyces “araby” that it is about a boy who goes to a bazaar to buy a gift for a young woman but arrives too late is to summarize plot, not theme. in many fine short stories, theme is the center, the moving force, the principle of unity. clearly, such a theme is something more than the characters and events of the story. most of the short stories challenge an easy-come theme. in hemingways “a clean, well-lighted place,” as observed by kennedy and gioia, the events are rather simplea young waiter manages to get rid of the old man from the caf and the older waiter stops at a coffee bar on his way homebut while the events themselves seem relatively slight, the story as a whole is full of meaning. for a deep understanding of the meaning, we have to look to other elements of the story besides what happens in it: narrative, symbols, tone, the dialogue between the two waiters, the monologue of the older waiter, etc. evidently the author intends us to pay more attention to the thoughts and feelings of the older waiter, the character whose words echo the authors voice. one try on the theme may be: “the older waiter understands the old man and sympathizes with his need for a clean, well-lighted place.” but here we are still talking about what happens in the story, though we are not summing up the plot. a theme is usually stated in general words. another try sounds like this: “solitary people need a orderly place where they can drink with dignity.” that is a little better. we have indicated that hemingways story is more than merely about an old man and two waiters. we remember that at the end the story is entirely confined to the older waiters thoughts and perceptions. how do we understand his mediation on “nada,” nothingness, which bears so much emphasis? no good statement of the theme of the story can leave it out. then we have still another try: “solitary people need a place of refuge from their terrible awareness that their life (or perhaps, human life) is essentially meaningless.” neither this nor any other statement of the storys theme is unarguably appropriate, but the statement at least touches one primary idea that hemingway seems to be driving at. after we read “a clean, well-lighted place,” we feel that there is such a theme, a unifying vision, even though we cannot reduce it to a tag and we may still vary in our opinion about, and statement of, the theme. moral inferences drawn from most stories: moral inferences may be drawn from most stories, no doubt, even when an author does not intend his/her story to be read this way. in “a clean, well-lighted place”, we feel that hemingway is indirectly giving us advice for properly regarding and sympathizing the lonely, the uncertain, and the old. but obviously the story does not set forth a lesson that we are supposed to put into practice. we can say for sure that “a clean, well-lighted place” contains several themes and other statements could be made to take in hemingways view of love, of communication between people, of dignity. great stories, like great symphonies, frequently have more than one theme. when we say that the title of pride and prejudice conveys the theme of the novel or that uncle toms cabin and the grapes of wrath treat the themes of slavery and migratory labor respectively, this is to use theme in a larger and more abstract sense than it is in our discussion of目 录第一章 总 论4一.项目概况4二.可行性研究报告编制依据5三.项目编制的原则5四.研究范围6五.主要技术经济指标6六.结 论7第二章 项目提出的背景及建设的必要性8一.*情概况8二.项目提出的背景及必要性9三.建设项目的可行性10第三章 建设场址及场地建设条件11一.建设场址11二.场址建设条件12第四章 建设规模14一.建设规模14二.主要技术经济指标15第五章 技术方案和工程方案16（一）技术方案16（二）工程方案23第六章 市场分析及原材料供应24一、市场分析24二、原材料供应24第七章 项目总体布置24一、总体布置24二、运输25三、场内运输设施及设备26第八章 节水措施27一、节水措施27二、水耗指标分析27第九章 环境影响评价27一、场址环境条件28二、项目对环境影响因素分析28三、环境保护设施与投资29四、环境影响评价31第十章 经营管理31一、项目法人组建方案31二、管理机构设置方案31第十一章 项目实施进度32一.建设工期32二.项目实施进度安排32三.项目实施进度表（横线图）33第十二章 投资估算与资金筹措35一.投资估算35二.资金筹措38第十三章 财务评价39一.财务评价基础数据与参数选取39二.项目销售收入估算39第十四章 社会评价42一.项目对社会的影响分析42二.项目与所在地互适性分析42三.社会风险分析43四.社会评价结论43第十五章 风险分析43一.项目主要风险因素识别43二.风险程度分析43三.防范和降低风险对策46第十六章 结论与建议46附图、附表、附件47一.附图47二.附件47*雪桃示范种植基地建设项目可行性研究报告第一章 总 论为贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于发展现代农业、扎实有效推进社会主义新农村建设的战略部署，全力推进我县农业生产产业向规模化、规范化、优质、安全、高效的产业化方向发展，针对县域气候条件和生态环境，土地资源潜力大，而且有着广泛群众种植传统经验的技术基础，带动农户面广，增收效益好，投资回报率高，是调整县域产业结构、推动生物产业创新、生态社会经济明显的宗旨，根据我县产业基础薄弱、规模小、生产率低，不能满足市场需求的现状，结合*农业“十一五”和“十二五”发展规划和农业产业发展政策，因地制宜、科学规划、合理布局，编制本可行性研究报告。一. 项目概况1 项目名称: *雪桃示范种植基地建设项目2 项目性质：新建3 项目实施单位：*4 项目法人：5 项目主管单位：*农业局6 项目实施地点：*镇*村委会7 建设规模及主要内容雪桃示范种植758亩（用订单方式与当地80户农民合作种植雪桃242亩和企业种植258亩），年产雪桃432吨。二. 可行性研究报告编制依据1. 中华人民共和国环境保护法。2. 国家和地方经济建设的方针、政策和长远规划。3. 国家和地方有关的工程技术标准和规范。4. 政府主管部门规定用于项目规划的参数和指标。5. 地方自然、地理、气象、水文和地质等资料。6. 项目周围的社会环境、基础设施和施工条件。7. 有关市场需求调查、分析和预测资料。三. 项目编制的原则1. 结合现状地形合理安排功能布局，强调建设项目的可操作性和前瞻性；2. 开发建设项目的各项基础设施要充分满足种植、保鲜存储、生活等各项功能的需要，做到规模适宜，分区明确，功能齐全，实用方便，符合有关规范要求，保证种植、保鲜存储及生活需求。3. 优化设计方案，节约建设投资，使可行性研究切实可靠。充分利用现有地形，合理布局，注意节约土地、节约能源和环境保护，使建设投资经济有效。四. 研究范围本项目研究的主要范围有：1. 对*社会、经济状况，农业综合开发现状等方面进行全面调查分析，研究分析*雪桃示范种植基地建设项目与当地社会、经济发展的适应程度，对项目建设的投资必要性，主要建设条件，工程技术、社会效益等方面的初步可行性进行分析研究，提出项目建设的理由和依据。2. 评价工程项目的建设规模，建设标准以及建设条件。3. 综合各方面论证成果，择优选定工程项目的实施方案，对其投资结果，社会及经济效益作进一步分析评价，衡量工程建设的初步可行性程度，为上级主管部门决策提供科学依据。五. 主要技术经济指标（主要技术经济指标表详见下页）主要技术经济指标表序号项目名称单位数量备注1规划用地面积亩148.002种植面积亩128.003现有建筑面积m21056.00（1）仓储面积m2400.00（2）办公居住面积m2656.004道路m3500.005区内沟渠m1200.006工程总投资万元1306.17六. 结 论1. 雪桃种植项目的地域地理位置及环境条件较好，外部建设条件优越，交通便捷，水、电等生活公用设施可以满足*雪桃示范种植基地建设项目的需要。2. 该项目的实施建设符合省、州、县的产业结构发展思路，符合我县“十二五”规划和县域经济发展规划。项目所选的种植品种市场良好，也适宜于我县的气候条件和生态环境，土地资源潜力大，而且有着广泛群众种植传统经验的技术基础，带动农户面广，增收效益好，投资回报率高，是调整县域产业结构、推动生物产业创新、生态社会经济明显的好项目，项目有很好的可行性，望上级有关部门给予立项和发展扶持。 第二章 项目提出的背景及建设的必要性一. *情概况*白族普族自治县位于云南西北高原的三江并流纵谷区，隶属怒江州傈僳自治州，东与丽江、剑川接壤，西与褔贡、泸水相连，南接云龙、北邻维西，南北长107公里，东西宽67公里， 国土总面积4388平方公里地，折合6582791.7亩，山区占95%，森林覆盖率68%。县境内最低海拔米，相对高差3075.3米，平均气温在10.712.6之间，年平均气温13.7。年降雨量1007.4毫米，无霜期190天，形成典型的 立体型低纬度高海拔山地季风气候，气候资源丰富，形成丰富的生物资源而被人们称为“天然物种基因库”，境内山势险峻，森林茂密，蕴藏有丰富的矿产资源、生物资源、水能资源和旅游文化资源，被誉为“有色金属王国”、“植物王国”、“天然物种基因库”、“民族文化大观园”。但由于历史等诸多因素的制约，直到现在*仍然是我省73个国家扶贫开发工作重点县之一，集贫困