2014年职称英语考试 理工类B级 阅读理解 必考题 字典版 直接打印 正反打印 全两篇.pdf

composercomposergermson 1 ill be bach composercomposer david cope is the inventor of a computerprogram that writes original works of classical music. it took cope 30 years todevelop the software. now most people cant tell the difference between musicby the famous german composerj.s.bach(1685-1750)andthe bach-likecompositions from copes computer. it it all started in 1980 in the united states, whencope was trying to write an opera. he was having trouble thinking of newmelodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. at first thismusic was not easy to listen to. what did cope do? he began to rethink howhuman beingscomposemusic.herealizedthat composers，brains work like big databases.first, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. then they take outthe music that they dislike. finally, they make new music from what isleft.accordingtocope,onlythegreat composersareabletocreatethe databaseaccurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it. cope built a huge database of existing music. he beganwith hundreds of works by bach. the software analyzed the data：it broke it down into smallerpieces and looked for patterns. it then combined the pieces into new patterns.before long, the program could compose short bach-like works. they werent good,but it was a start. cope knew he had more work to do-he had a wholeopera to write. he continued to improve the software. soon it could analyzemore complex music. he also added many other composers, including his own work,to the database. a a few years later ，copes computer program, called “emmy”，was ready to help him with his opera. the process required a lot ofcollaboration between the composer and emmy. cope listened to the computersmusical ideas and used the ones that he liked. with emmy, the opera took onlytwo weeks to finish. it was called cradle falling, and it was a great success!cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactlyhow he had composed the work. sincethatfirstopera,emmyhaswritten thousandsofcompositions.copestillgives emmy feedback on what he likes and doesntlike of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing thesedays! 词汇： original/rdnl / adj有独创性的 collaboration/ klbren / n合 作 review/rvju:/ n评论 feedback/fi:dbk / n反馈 注释 j.s. bach 约翰塞巴斯蒂安巴赫 （德语： johann sebastian bach， 1685 年 3 月 31 日一 1750 年 7 月 28 日） ，巴洛克时期的德国作曲家，杰出的 管风琴、小提琴、大键琴演奏家，同作曲家亨 德尔和泰勒曼齐名。巴赫被普遍认为是音乐史 上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊称为“西方现 代音乐之父”，也是西方文化史上最重要的人 物之一。 练习： 1the music composed by david cope is about _. aclassical music bpop music cdrama dcountry music 2by developing a computer software，david cope aimed _. ato be like bach bto study bach cto write an opera dto create a musical database composercomposergermson 2 3 whatdid cope realizeabout a great composers brain? ait forms new musical patterns allby itself bit writes a computer program cit can recognize any music patterns dit creates an accurate database 4who is emmy? aa database ba computer software ca composer who helped david dan opera 5we can infer from the passage that _. adavid cope is a computerprogrammer. bdavid cope loves music. cbachs music helped him a lot. demmy did much more work than a composer. 答案与题解： 1a第一段的第一句：david cope 发明了一 个可以编写出古典音乐的电脑软件。 2c从第二段的第一句可以看出，david 编 写电脑软件的目的是写歌剧。a、b 和 d 都属 于创作歌剧的一部分。 3 d第二段的后半部分讲的是伟大的歌剧作 者与一般的歌剧作者的不同之处是通过对数 据进行准确的构建、记忆而后创作出新的音乐 形式。 4 b从第五段第一句可知 emmy 是一计算机 软件。 5d从本文第一句可知 david 是一个作曲 家，不是计算机程序员，所以排除 a;b、c 内 容没有提及；从本文的第五段和第六段可知， emmy 大大提高了 david 的创作速度，最后一 句，大部分困难的工作都由 emmy 来做，所以 作曲家只干一小部分工作。 中文： 我也能成为巴赫 作曲家大卫科普发明了一个电脑软件， 它能编 写出古典音乐的原创作品。科普花了 30 年才 完成这个软件，现在，科普的电脑写出的作品 与德国著名作曲家 j.s.巴赫写的作品很相似， 很少 有人能分辨出其中不同。 这一切始于 1980 年的美国，那时科普正在写 一部戏剧， 但是他无法创作出新的旋律.于楚他 编写了一个电脑软件来帮他编曲。最开始的时 候，软件写出的乐曲并不动听。科普是怎么做 的呢？ 他幵始重新考虑人们作曲的方式。他 认识到作曲家的大脑就像一个大数据库，他们 先是吸收他们 听过的所有音乐，然后去除他 们不喜欢的，最后再根据留下的音乐来创作出 新的旋律。科普认为， 只有伟大的作曲家才 能建立好的数据库，并且能熟记于心，从而创 造出新的音乐。 科普根据现有的音乐建立了庞大的数据庳，最 开始的时候，数据库包含了几百部巴赫的作 品。 科普的软件将这些数据进行分析：首先 它将音乐拆解成小的片段，从中找出固定模 式，然后将片 段组合成新的模式。不久，这 个软件就能够写出和巴赫风格很像的小曲子。 它们并不完美，但这 只是个开始。 科普知道，他要做的还有很多一他得写出一整 部歌剧。 他进一步完普他的软件， 不久它就 能 够写出更复杂的音乐了。他还在数据库中加人 了一些其他作曲家的作品，其中也包括他自己 的作品。 几年后，科普的软件“艾米”已经能够帮助他创 作歌剧了。创作过程餹要作曲家和艾米共同 配合。科赘聆听艾米写出的音乐片段，从中选 取他认为好的。有了艾米的帮助，科蓊只用了 两个 星期就完成了这部歌剧，叫做摇篮坠 落 。演出获得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有 生以来最高 的评价，但是没有人知道他究竟 是怎样创作出这部歌剧的。 从那以后，艾米已经写了上千部作品。科普现 在依然会给艾米反馈，吿诉她自己哪些音乐是 他喜欢的，哪些是不喜欢的，但是现在大部分 艰巨的工作是由艾米来完成的！ composercomposergermson 3 musicalmusical robotrobot companioncompanion enhancesenhances listenerlistener experienceexperience shimi, a musical companion developed by georgia techs center for music technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. the smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend”. “shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music， ” said professor gil weinberg, the robots creator. he will unveil the robot at the june 27th google i/o conference in san francisco. a band of three shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements. shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain” powered by an android phone. once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device. in other words, if theres an “app” for that, shimi is ready. for instance, by using the phones camera and face-detecting software，shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears” ， or speakers, for optimal sound. another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. if the user taps a beat, shimi analyzesit,scansthephonesmusicallibraryand immediatelyplaysthesongthatbestmatchesthe suggestion. once the music starts ， shimi dances to the rhythm. “ “manymany people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said music technology ph. d. candidate mason bretan. “shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive. future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. the robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the users song choices and provide feedback on the music play list. weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand shimis creative and interactive capabilities. “i believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” weinberg said. weinberg is in the process of commercializing shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with georgia tech. weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “if robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一 small, entertaining and fun， ， ， weinberg said. “they will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.” 词汇： pump v.用抽水机抽;不断播放（音乐） scan v.扫描;浏览 skip v.轻跳，跳跃 sync n.同步，同时;v.使同步 tempo n.速度;节奏 注释： 1. georgia tech:全称是 georgia institute of technology, 佐治亚理工学院， 建于 1885 年， 位于亚特兰大市中心。 佐治亚理工学齒是美国南部最大的公立理工学院,也是 全美最顶尖的理 工学院之一，排名仅次于麻省理工学 院(mit)和加州理工学院(caltech)。 2. pump:不断播放(音乐） 。 例如:this radio station recently pumps out pop music. (这家广播电台近来连续播放流行 音乐。) 3. smartphone-enabled:由智能手机系统支持的 4. is billed as:相当于 is advertised as，意为“被标榜为”。 5. docking station: 插接站,扩充基座，扩展插口 -6. android:(科幻小说里的)机器人。本文指用于智能手 机和便携式计算机移动设备的一种以linus为基础的开 放源代码操作系统，通过接口和插槽连接多种外部设 备。目前android 尚未有统一中文译名，国内较多人翻 译成“安卓”或“安致”。据2012年2月数据, android 占据 全球智能手机操作系统市场52.5%的份额,中国市场占有 率为68.4%。 7. dock：对接 8. the sensing and musical generation capabilities:传感和 音乐生成能力 9. app:应用程序（=application) 10. if the user taps a beat:如果用户打出某个(音乐）拍子 11. in the works:正在准备阶段;在进行中或准备中 12. intelligent service robots:智能服务型机器人 练习： 1. which of the following is not true according to the first three paragraphs? a shimi is a one-foot tall robot. b shimi is the creator of the musical companion. c shimi is a docking station with a“ brain” powered by an android phone. d shimi can gain the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device. 2. what does shimi do if the user taps a beat? a it stores the beat in the musical library. b it transmits the beat to the docking station. c it positions its speakers for optimal sound. d it selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat. 3. which of the following about shimi is true? a robots are limited by their programming instructions, and shimi is no exception. b present apps allow the user to shake their head to alert shimi to skip to the next song. c existing apps allow the user to wave a hand to alert shimi to turn up/down the volume. composercomposergermson 4 d shimi can be creative and interactive. 4. what does the author want to tell us? a the research center is developing a stronger and more versatile shimi. b weinberg only expects staffs from georgia tech. to develop more apps for shimi. cshimiisnotyettechnologicallyreadyfor commercialization. d robots such as shimi are created for large corporations rather than homes. 5. which of the following is weinbergs assertion? a shimi as a robotic musical companion can be applied to all types of smart phones. b human lives will be filled with more fun if shimi is going to arrive in homes. cshimiscreativeandinteractivecapabilitiesare appreciated by most of its users. d weinberg has reached an agreement with georgia tech to commercialize shimi. 答案与题解： 1. b在前三段中均可找到与选项a、c、d相应的句子， 强调shimi是一种电子设备;b与原文不符, shimi不是该 机 器 人 的 发 明 者 ,gil weinberg 教 授 才 是 the robots creator。 2. d选项d简要地表述了第三段的倒数第二句“if the user taps a beat, shimi analyzes it, scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion”的意思,所以是答案。选项a、b、 c都不符合上述句子的含义。 3. d选项a的意思与原文相反。虽然人们认为机器人受 到程序指令的限制，但shimi却表现出具有创造能力和 互动能力，所以a不是答案。选项d的意思与原文相同， 因而是答案。第四段第三句指的是未来的应用程序: future apps in the works,而选项b,c是指目前的应用程 序，两者的表述均与原文有出入。 4. a第三段介绍shimi的多种功能，第四段和第五段说 weinberg还在开发更多的应用程序来丰富shimi的功能， 还希望其他研发者也参与开发，因此，a是答案。选项 b说weinberg 仅仅希望georgia tech员工参与开发更多 的应用软件，这与原文不符。文章最后一段告诉我 们,weinberg正在与georgia tech进行有关shimi商业化 的谈判,选项c的意思与此相反，不会是答案。选项d也 与原文不符。 5. b选项a、c和d的内容weinberg都没