2014年全国职称英语考试 理工类B级 完形填空 押题字典板 终极小抄版 综合李、孙、王等老师押题.pdf

6 6 6 6carcarcarcarthievesthievesthievesthieves couldcouldcouldcould bebebebe stoppedstoppedstoppedstopped remotely(remotely(remotely(remotely(远程制止偷车贼远程制止偷车贼) ) ) ) speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. but he is in a nasty surprise. the car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine offoffoffoff, he will not be able to start it again. for now, such devices areareareare only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on constructionsites.butremote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinarycars,andshouldshouldshouldshouldbe available to ordinary cars in the uk inininin two months. the idea goes like this. a controlboxfittedtothecar incorporatesa a a aminiature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory,andagpssatellite positioning receiver. if if if if the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehiclesenginemanagement system and prevent the engine beingbeingbeingbeing restarted. thereareevenplansfor immobilizersthatthatthatthatshutdown vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system. intheuk,anarrayof technical fixes is already making lifelifelifelife harder for car thieves. “the patternofvehiclescrimehas changed,” says martyn rand all of thatcham, a security research organization based in berkshire that is funded in part bybybyby the motor insurance industry. he says it would only take him a few minutes to teachteachteachteach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. but only if the car is more than 10 years old. modern cars are a far tougher proposition,astheirengine management computer will not allowallowallowallow them to start unless they receive a unique id code beamed out by the ignition key. in the uk, technologieslikethishavehavehavehave helpedhelpedhelpedhelped achieve a 31 per cent drop invehicle-relatedcrimesince 1997. but determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. often by getting hold of the owners keys in a burglary. in 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the uk were taken by using the owners keys, which doublesthepreviousyears figure. remote-controlled immobilization system would putputputput amajornewobstacleinthe criminals way by making such theftspointless. a groupthat includes thatcham,the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the customercustomercustomercustomer expects. 7 7 7 7anananan intelligentintelligentintelligentintelligent car(car(car(car(智能汽车智能汽车) ) ) ) drivingneedssharpeyes, keenears,quickbrain,and coordination between hands and the brain. many human drivers have all thesethesethesethese and can control a fast-moving car. but how does an intelligent car control itself? there is a virtual driver in the smart car. this virtual driver has “eyes”,“brains”,“hands”and “feet”, too. the minicameras onononon each side of the car are his “eyes”, which observe the road conditions ahead of it. they watch the traffictraffictraffictraffic to the cars left and right. there is also a highly automaticautomaticautomaticautomatic driving system in the car. it is the built-in computer, which is the virtual drivers“brain”.his“brain” calculates the speeds of otherotherotherother moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. basing on this information, it chooses the right pathpathpathpath for the intelligent car, and gives instructionsinstructionsinstructionsinstructions to the “hands” and “feet” to act accordingly. in thisway,thevirtualdriver controls his car. what is the virtual drivers best advantage? he reacts quicklyquicklyquicklyquickly. theminicamerasaresendingsendingsendingsending imagescontinuouslytothe “brain.”itcompletescompletescompletescompletesthe processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. however, the worlds best driver atatatat leastleastleastleast needs onesecondtoreact.besidesbesidesbesidesbesides, when he takes action, he needs one more second. the virtual driver is really wonderful. he can reduce the accidentraterateraterateconsiderablyon expressways. in this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in amy place? experts warnwarnwarnwarn that we cannot do that just yet. his ability to recognize things is still limitedlimitedlimitedlimited . he can now only driveanintelligentcaron expressways. 8 8 8 8whywhywhywhy indiaindiaindiaindia needsneedsneedsneeds itsitsitsits dyingdyingdyingdying vultures(vultures(vultures(vultures(印度为什么需要濒临印度为什么需要濒临 灭亡的秃鹰灭亡的秃鹰) ) ) ) the vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp declinedeclinedeclinedecline in three speciesofindiasvulturesis producingalarmratherthan celebration. and it presents the worldwithanewkindof environmentalproblemproblemproblemproblem.the dramaticdeclineinvulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the birdsbirdsbirdsbirds. it is also causingseriouspublichealth problemsacrossacrossacrossacrosstheindian sub-continent while4their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many indians. vultures have longlonglonglong played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over india clean. it is becausebecausebecausebecause they feed on dead cows. in india. cows are sacred animals and are traditionallytraditionallytraditionallytraditionally leftinthe open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year. thedisappearanceofthe vultures has ledledledled totototo an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals.therearefearsthat rabies may increaseincreaseincreaseincrease as a result and this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriersrabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the futurefuturefuturefuture theneedforactionis urgenturgenturgenturgent,soanemergency project has been launched to findfindfindfind a solution to this serious vulture problem. scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birdsdeathsand,ifpossible, develop a cure. large-scale vulturedeathsdeathsdeathsdeaths were first noticed at the end of the 1980sinindia.apopulation survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had. declined bybybyby over 90 percent. all threespeciesarenowlisted as“criticallyendangered”.as most vulture lay only single eggs and taketaketaketake about five years to reach maturity,reversingtheir population decline will be a long and difficult exercise. 9 9 9 9wonderwonderwonderwonderwebs(webs(webs(webs(奇妙的网奇妙的网) ) ) ) spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. and the worlds best web spinner may be the golden orb weaver spider. the female orb weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet toughtoughtoughtough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking. thesecretofthewebs strength?atype of super-resilient silksilksilksilk called dragline. when the female spider is ready to weaveweaveweaveweave the webs spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy threadoutthroughahollow nozzle in her belly. dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along it it it it to spin the webs trademark spiral. unlikesomespidersthat weave a new web every day, a golden orb weaver reusesreusesreusesreuses her handiworkuntilitfalls apart, sometimes not for two years. the silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than kevlar, a high-strength human-madematerialmaterialmaterialmaterial usedin bullet-proof vests. and thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original lengthlengthlengthlength and snap back as well as new. no human-made fiber even comes closeclosecloseclose. it is no wonderwonderwonderwonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. in theconsumerpipeline: high-performancefabricsfor athletes and stockings that never run. think parachute cords and suspensionbridgecables.a steadysupplysupplysupplysupplyofspidersilk would be worth billions of dollars buthowtoproduceit? harvesting silk on spider farms doesnotworkworkworkworkbecausethe territorialarthropodshavea tendencytodevourtheir neighbors. now,scientistsatthe biotechnology company nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after golden orb dragline. the firstfirstfirstfirststep:extractsilk-making genes from the spiders. next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. the nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their milkmilkmilkmilk. “the young goats pass on the silk-making gene without anyanyanyany help from us,” saysnexiapresidentjeffrey turner. nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers asasasas fastfastfastfast asasasas the real thing snags bugs. 10101010chickenchickenchickenchicken soupsoupsoupsoup forforforfor thethethethe soul:comfortsoul:comfortsoul:comfortsoul:comfort foodfoodfoodfood fightsfightsfightsfights lnelinesslnelinesslnelinesslneliness（心灵鸡汤心灵鸡汤：爽心食品爽心食品 排解孤独感）排解孤独感） mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries，butbutbutbut according to a study in psychological science, theyre goodforyourheartand emotionsemotionsemotionsemotions the study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel “for me personallypersonallypersonallypersonally ,food has always played a big role in my family,” saysjordan troisi,a graduate student at the university of buffalo, and lead author on the studythe study came out of the researchprogramofhis coauthor shira gabrielit has lookedlookedlookedlooked atatatat non-human things that may affect human emotions some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their favoritefavoritefavoritefavorite tv show,buildingvirtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones troisi and gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effectbybybyby making people think of their nearest and dearest. in one experiment, in order to makeparticipantsparticipantsparticipantsparticipants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. then, some people in eachgroupgroupgroupgroupwrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote abouteati