GMAT+GRE+LSAT全部2772阅读真题.doc

table of contentg使用说明1gmat阅读117篇1一、gmat新题63篇1passage 1 (1/63)1passage 2 (2/63)4passage 3 (3/63)6passage 4 (4/63)8passage 5 (5/63)11passage 6 (6/63)14passage 7 (7/63)16passage 8 (8/63)19passage 9 (9/63)22passage 10 (10/63)25passage 11 (11/63)28passage 12 (12/63)30passage 13 (13/63)34passage 14 (14/63)37passage 15 (15/63)40passage 16 (16/63)42passage 17 (17/63)45passage 18 (18/63)48passage 19 (19/63)51passage 20 (20/63)54passage 21 (21/63)56passage 22 (22/63)59passage 23 (23/63)62passage 24 (24/63)65passage 25 (25/63)67passage 26 (26/63)70passage 27 (27/63)73passage 28 (28/63)75passage 29 (29/63)78passage 30 (30/63)80passage 31 (31/63)83passage 32 (32/63)86passage 33 (33/63)88passage 34 (34/63)91passage 35 (35/63)93passage 36 (36/63)96passage 37 (37/63)98passage 38 (38/63)100passage 39 (39/63)102passage 40 (40/63)104passage 41 (41/63)107passage 42 (42/63)109passage 43 (43/63)111passage 44 (44/63)114passage 45 (45/63)117passage 46 (46/63)119passage 47 (47/63)121passage 48 (48/63)123passage 49 (49/63)125passage 50 (50/63)128passage 51 (51/63)131passage 52 (52/63)133passage 53 (53/63)135passage 54 (54/63)137passage 55 (55/63)140passage 56 (56/63)142passage 57 (57/63)144passage 58 (58/63)146passage 59 (59/63)147passage 60 (60/63)149passage 61 (61/63)151passage 62 (62/63)153passage 63 (63/63)156二、gmat补充22篇158passage 64 (1/22)158passage 65 (2/22)160passage 66 (3/22)163passage 67 (4/22)165passage 68 (5/22)168passage 69 (6/22)171passage 70 (7/22)173passage 71 (8/22)176passage 72 (9/22)179passage 73 (10/22)181passage 74 (11/22)184passage 75 (12/22)187passage 76 (13/22)190passage 77 (14/22)192passage 78 (15/22)195passage 79 (16/22)198passage 80 (17/22)201passage 81 (18/22)203passage 82 (19/22)206passage 83 (20/22)209passage 84 (21/22)212passage 85 (22/22)215三、gmat考古题15篇217passage 86 (1/15)217passage 87 (2/15)220passage 88 (3/15)223passage 89 (4/15)226passage 90 (5/15)229passage 91 (6/15)233passage 92 (7/15)235passage 93 (8/15)238passage 94 (9/15)241passage 95 (10/15)244passage 96 (11/15)246passage 97 (12/15)249passage 98 (13/15)251passage 99 (14/15)254passage 100 (15/15)257四、og新增17篇259passage 101 (1/17)259passage 102 (2/17)261passage 103 (3/17)264passage 104 (4/17)266passage 105 (5/17)268passage 106 (6/17)270passage 107 (7/17)272passage 108 (8/17)273passage 109 (9/17)276passage 110 (10/17)278passage 111 (11/17)280passage 112 (12/17)281passage 113 (13/17)283passage 114 (14/17)284passage 115 (15/17)286passage 116 (16/17)287passage 117 (17/17)290gre阅读(no. 2no. 9)292no. 2-1292section a292section b295no. 2-2299section a299section b302no. 2-3306section a306section b310no. 3-1313section a313section b317no. 3-2320section a320section b324no. 3-3328section a328section b331no. 4-1335section a335section b339no. 4-2342section a343section b346no. 4-3350section a350section b354no. 5-1358section a358section b361no. 5-2365section a365section b368no. 5-3372section a372section b376no. 6-1379section a379section b383no. 6-2387section a387section b391no. 6-3395section a395section b398no. 7-1402section a402section b406no. 7-2410section a410section b413no. 7-3417section a417section b421no. 8-1425section a425section b429no. 8-2433section a433section b437no. 8-3440section a440section b444no. 9-1447section a447section b451no. 9-2455section a455section b459no. 9-3462section a462section b466no. 9-4470section a470section b474no. 9-5477section a477section b481no. 9-6485section a485section b489gre国内题全部阅读4921990年04月492section a492section b4961990年10月500section a500section b5041991年02月508section a508section b5121991年04月516section a516section b5201991年10月524section a524section b5271992年02月531section a531section b5351992年04月539section a539section b5431992年10月546section a546section b5501993年02月554section a554section b5571993年04月561section a561section b5641993年10月572section a572section b5751994年02月579section a579section b5831994年04月586section a586section b5901994年10月594section a594section b5981995年04月602section a602section b6061995年10月611section a611section b6151996年04月北美618section a618section b6221996年04月626section a626section b6301996年10月634section a634section b6381997年04月641section a641section b6451997年11月648section a648section b6531998年04月656section a656section b6601998年11月664section a664section b6681999年04月672section a672section b676lsat第01套 section iii681lsat第02套 section i690lsat第03套 section ii701lsat第04套 section iv712lsat第05套 section iii723lsat第06套 section i735lsat第07套 section iii746lsat第08套 section iii757lsat第09套 section iii768lsat第10套 section i778lsat第11套 section iii789lsat第12套 section iii800lsat第13套 section iii810lsat第14套 section iii821lsat第15套 section iii831lsat第16套 section i842lsat第17套 section i853lsat第18套 section iii863lsat第19套 section iv872lsat第20套 section iv882lsat第21套 section i893lsat第22套 section iv904lsat第23套 section iii915lsat第24套 section ii925lsat第25套 section i936lsat第26套 section iv946lsat第27套 section i957lsat第28套 section iv968lsat 2002年 section iii979/by gemj使用说明使用说明1、各题答案均隐藏在(d)选项后（放在这里主要是避免下一题答案也被显示从而影响做题），显示的方法是鼠标左键单击“常用”工具栏“显示/隐藏编辑标记”按钮（只有word才有此按钮，写字板没有）。再次单击又被隐藏。见下图：2、做题时请切换至“普通”视图，因为显示答案时页面变化小；在“页面”视图下，可以欣赏到以当今世界一流技术精心打造的一流风姿！3、本文件包括所有的gmat阅读、gre全部no题和99年之前全部国内题的阅读以及（281）套lsat阅读，共计2772题，是无比宝贵的学习材料（也是馈赠亲友的最珍贵礼物，并值得永久收藏）。它不仅仅能够提高阅读能力，也是扩大词汇、研究语法的宝贵材料。gre的难度突出表现在语言文字的艰深和意思的晦涩，而lsat题对逻辑思维的要求很高，gmat文字上的难度不如gre，逻辑上次于lsat（个人观点）。4、文档中绿色单词或词组的后面有释义，看注释请按上述第1点操作。少数难题加注了我个人的看法（一律被隐藏），未必正确，仅供参考。5、一部分文档题目中的行号添加了超链接，按住ctrl的同时用鼠标左键单击有超链接标志的行号即可到达相应内容。但因为我时间紧，没有做完（对于没有超链接的题目，做题时可以用“查找”命令搜索。无论如何，比纸面的用起来肯定方便。在电脑上做题吧，如果你的word用的比较熟练，再在你的电脑上装几本电子词典，你会感到效率倍增，妙趣无穷！）；另外，由于word软件本身的缺陷，格式上可能未必有“gmat&lsat cr”与“gmat sc 885”那么完美统一。这些都有待于将来修正与完善。6、试题及答案均经多数遍仔细校对（断断续续前后历时1年有余），是当今最准确、错误非常少的电子版本。但错误肯定还有，请各位不吝指正（可以上/相关论坛贴出），共同完善，不胜感谢！祝你成功！gemjgmat291gmat阅读117篇一、gmat新题63篇passage 1 (1/63)(this passage was written in 1978.)recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the united states unprecedented opportunitiesas well as new and significant risks. civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why blacks, hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. now congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.corporate response appears to have been substantial. according to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. the projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. first, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. if, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. the world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. both consume valuable time and resources, and a small companys efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.a second risk is that white-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, white and minority enterprises can team up (team up: v.(使)结成一队, 合作, 协作) to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. but civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to congress about minorities being set up as “fronts (a person, group, or thing used to mask the identity or true character or activity of the actual controlling agent)” with white backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becomingand remainingdependent. even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.1.the primary purpose of the passage is to(a) present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies(b) describe a situation and its potential drawbacks(c) propose a temporary solution to a problem(d) analyze a frequent source of disagreement（b）(e) explore the implications of a finding2.the passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions?(a) what federal agencies have set percentage goals for the use of minority-owned businesses in public works contracts?(b) to which government agencies must businesses awarded federal contracts report their efforts to find minority subcontractors?(c) how widespread is the use of minority-owned concerns as “fronts” by white backers seeking to obtain subcontracts?(d) how many more minority-owned businesses were there in 1977 than in 1972?（e）(e) what is one set of conditions under which a small business might find itself financially overextended?3.according to the passage, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor (to suffer from some disadvantage or distress “labor under a delusion”) is that they have(a) been especially vulnerable to governmental mismanagement of the economy(b) been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors(c) not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations(d) not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers（c）(e) not had adequate representation in the centers of government power4.the passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to(a) experience frustration but not serious financial harm(b) face potentially crippling fixed expenses(c) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government(d) increase its spending with minority subcontractors（a）(e) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts5.the author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should(a) avoid competition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding(b) concentrate on securing even more business from that corporation(c) try to expand its customer base to avoid becoming dependent on the corporation(d) pass on some of the work to be done for the corporation to other minority-owned concerns（c）(e) use its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns6.it can be inferred from the passage that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and local agencies” (lines 14-15) are(a) more popular with large corporations(b) more specific(c) less controversial(d) less expensive to enforce（b）(e) easier to comply with7.which of the following, if true, would most weaken the authors assertion that, in the 1970s, corporate response to federal requirements (lines 18-19) was substantial(a) corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.(b) between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.(c) the figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.(d) the estimate of corporate spending with minority-owned businesses in 1980 is approximately $10 million too high.（e）(e) the $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.8.the author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?(a) annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.(b) although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.(c) the significant response of corporations in the 1970s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980s.(d) although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970s made substantial response impossible.（c）(e) the enormous corporate response has all but eliminated the dangers of over-expansion that used to plague small minority-owned businesses.passage 2 (2/63)woodrow wilson was referring to the liberal idea of the economic market when he said that the free enterprise system is the most efficient economic system. maximum freedom means maximum productiveness; our “openness” is to be the measure of our stability. fascination with this ideal has made americans defy the “old world” categories of settled possessiveness versus unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention versus the cupidity of seizure, a “status quo” defended or attacked. the united states, it was believed, had no status quo ante. our only “station” was the turning of a stationary wheel, spinning faster and faster. we did not base our system on property but opportunitywhich meant we based it not on stability but on mobility. the more things changed, that is, the more rapidly the wheel turned, the steadier we would be. the conventional picture of class politics is composed of the haves, who want a stability to keep what they have, and the have-nots, who want a touch of (a touch of: 有一点) instability and change in which to scramble for (scramble for: v.争夺, 勉强拼凑) the things they have not. but americans imagined a condition in which speculators, self-makers, runners are always using the new opportunities given by our land. these economic leaders (front-runners) would thus be mainly agents of change. the nonstarters were considered the ones who wanted stability, a strong referee to give them some position in the race, a regulative hand to calm manic speculation; an authority that can call things to a halt, begin things again from compensatorily staggered “starting lines.”“reform” in america has been sterile because it can imagine no change except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, “a piece of the action,” as it were, for the disenfranchised. there is no attempt to call off the race. since our only stability is change, america seems not to honor the quiet work that achieves social interdependence and stability. there is, in our legends, no heroism of the office clerk (office clerk: n.职员), no stable industrial work force of the people who actually make the system work. there is no pride in being an employee (wilson asked for a return to the time when everyone was an employer). there has been no boasting about our social workersthey are merely signs of the systems failure, of opportunity denied or not taken, of things to be eliminated. we have no pride in our growing interdependence, in the fact that our system can serve others, that we are able to help those in need; empty boasts from the past make us ashamed of our present achievements, make us try to forget or deny them, move away from them. there is no honor but in the wonderland (wonderland: n.仙境, 奇境) race we must all run, all trying to win, none winning in the end (for there is no end).1.the primary purpose of the passage is to(a) criticize the inflexibility of american economic mythology(b) contrast “old world” and “new world” economic ideologies(c) challenge the integrity of traditional political leaders(d) champion those americans whom the author deems to be neglected（a）(e) suggest a substitute for the traditional metaphor of a race2.according to the passage, “old world” values were based on(a) ability(b) property(c) family connections(d) guild hierarchies（b）(e) education3.in the context of the authors discussi