马克.吐温和鲁迅对比研究（待续） .doc

马克.吐温和鲁迅对比研究introductionthis paper aims to compare mark twain and luxun who are both important writers in their own countries america and china at a similar time period. the comparison is based on the small figures in their works, i.e. jim in the adventure of huckleberry finn and mother chang in the short story “mother chang and shan hai jing”. as both of the writers have achieved great success in describing the small figures, the comparison is very worthwhile. the literary theories of marxism would be applied to analyze the text of the works. and there are mainly three questions for further reading. on the first hand, are jim and mother chang the same through the works? in other words, what is the significance in comparing them? as both of the figures have a close relation to the first person, what do the authors want to tell? on the other hand, what do jim and mother chang express to the readers about the society in america and china at that time? at this point, what are the similarities and differences of the writing method of mark twain and luxun? last but not least, as both mark twain and luxun s works have a great influence on the society, and they have promoted the development of their own countries. why are they still valuable even until present? the significance of the works is also analyzed through the two works based on marxist literary theory.chapter 1 jim and mother chang 1.1 servantslow social statusthough the two stories are based on two different countries, the two characters have many similarities. both jim and mother chang come from the lowest class of the society, and they work as servants for people who have much more money than them. coincidently, the employers all regard themselves kind to the low-status. jim is a slave who works for the white almost through the first half of his life. he is a black slave, who is just like a personal belonging of ms. watsons, the stereotyped spinster through hucks eyes. there is nothing like freedom to the black slaves in that society at that time. to a large majority of the white, the black slaves are just like animals in the yard, helping the white to do the daily work. mother chang also works for others. her major work is to take care for the child of the lu family. she is called “mother chang” by the child that she looks after, but her family name is never clear to the employers families, which shows her minute social status in the family. the word “chang” means “long” in chinese, there was an original “mother chang” who was taller than the one in the short story. in other words, the baby-sitter in the text was named after the last one. also, the word “chang” means “long-term”, which indicates that mother chang is a long-term servant in the lus family.1.1.1 hardworking but with defects jim and mother chang are both small figures coming from the real side of each society in the works. they work hard, but still there are defects on them that the people from higher social status hate. in mark twains novel, jim is an escaped slave. there are many notices on capturing the runaway slaves through every corner along the mississippi river . according to the laws of most states in the usa , slave system is legal, and slave-escaping is forbidden. theres no doubt that the majority of the white are against jim, the law-disobeying black slave. the government even offers a reward to those who take runaway slaves back. as far as hucks concern, jim has a wife with several children who are also black slaves who work in another white family. to the white, black slaves families are not welcome, either. for the black families would bring a lot of trouble in slaves-controlling if the black couples belong to different white hosts.as a white child, huck also pointed out many defects on jim, especially when the two people begin to get along with each other together, huck can easily find out the defects of jim. jim never speaks purified english, but black english, which is full of wrong grammar and false vocabulary as well as harsh pronunciation. also, jim always feels afraid and confess frequently, which is difficult for huck to understand. so at the beginning, huck always plays jokes on jim. coincidently, in luxuns short story, the little boy did not like mother chang very much, either. first, through the little boys eyes, mother chang is over-zealous on the gossip within the family. as the gossip might be the origin of some trouble, brother xun does not like it. second, mother chang takes a lot of room on the bed. because mother chang is fat, and afraid of heat, she would spread out her 4 limbs when she sleeps during the summer nights, which becomes a nightmare to the little boy on the other side of the bed. third, mother chang murdered brother xuns peta yin mouse, just because she was afraid of mice. the death of the pet makes the boy upset for a long time.1.2 close relations with the first personboth of the works are written through first-person perspective, and the stories are told by little boyshuckleberry finn in mark twains wor