牛津英语7A语法.pdf

牛津英语牛津英语 7a7a7a7a语法语法( ( ( (一一) ) ) )一般过去时的构成及用法一般过去时的构成及用法 1 1 1 1）一般过去时的形式）一般过去时的形式: : : : 动词be:第一人称单数和第三人称单数用 was, 其余的人称一律 用 were。 动词 have: 一律用 had, 没有人称和数的变化。 行为动词：一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化，行为动词的过去式 有两类，一类是规则动词，另一类是不规则动词。 肯定否定 动词 be iwas .iwas not. you were .you were not. he/she/it was .he/she/it was not. we were . we were not.youyou theythey 动词 have i had . i had not. youyou he/she/ithe/she/it wewe youyou theythey 行为动 词 (study) i studied . i did notstudy. youyou he/she/ithe/she/it wewe youyou theythey 行为动词的过去时的否定式，要使用助动词 do 的过去式否定式 did not，后面的谓语动词要还用原形。在非正式语如口语中。did not 可用紧 缩形式 didnt。 一般疑问和简略回答 一般疑问简略回答 动词 be were you.? washe.? werethey.? yes,iwas. no,iwas not. yes,hewas. no,hewas not. yes, they were. no,they werenot. 动词 have had you .? hadhe.? had they .? yes,ihad. no,ihad not. yes,hehad. no,hehad not. yes, they had. no,theyhad not. 行为动词 (study) did you study.? didhestudy .? did they study.? yes,idid. no,idid not. yes,hedid. no,hedid not. yes, they did. no,theydid not. 注意：was not, were not, had not和 did not 可以分别缩写成 wasnt, werent, hadnt和 didnt。 特殊疑问句回答 动词 bewhere was she?shewasathome. 行为动词(study) when did you study english? istudieditlast year. 2)2)2)2)行为动词的一般过去式：行为动词的一般过去式： 行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则动词的过去式 是在动词原形后加-ed 构成。构成及读法如下表： 在动词后 加 -ed 以 e 结尾的 动词后加 -d 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动 词先将 y 变 为 i 再加-ed 以重读闭音节或 r 音 节结尾而末尾只有 一个辅音字母的动 词，双辅音字母后再 加-ed （以 x 结尾的词 除外 在清辅音后读 t worked helped hoped liked - stopped,mapped 在元音和浊辅 音后读d stayed called believed lived studied tried planned referred 在辅音 t, d 后 读id wanted needed - permitted, admitted 3)3)3)3)一般过去时的用法：一般过去时的用法： a. 表示过去的动作或状态，常和明确的过去时间状语连用，如： yesterday, last week, three days ago,in1998 等，或与由 when 引导的从句。 eg.isaw him yesterday. she boughtthebike two years ago. hewas there just now. where did youlivewhen youwere young? b. 也可以表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复出现的动作。句子中常带 有 every day, often, usually, always, sometimes 等时间状语。 eg. whenistudiedin theuniversity,iread aloud every morning. in thepastfewyearsiusually went touring duringmysummer vocations. 在过去的几年里，每逢暑假我总是出去旅游。 c. 也可以用“used to +动词原形”表示过去经常或反复的动作。 eg. weused togetup early. 我以前总是早起。（意指现在不早起了） 跟踪练习跟踪练习 练习一：选用恰当的时态，用括号内动词的正确形式填空。 last year mr. smith _ (go)to china and japan.he_ (have)a wonderful time.he_(do)alotof different things and _ (talk) toa greatnumber ofdifferent people.he_(eat) chinese and japanese food and _ (visit)a lotofinteresting places. whenhe_ (go)back to england,he_ (be)very tired. 练习二：句型转换：写出下列各句的否定形式（在可能的地方用紧缩形 式）， 1.professor jennings taught them englishin1990. 2.tomhadawonderful timein xian. 3.mary foundherkeysin herbedroom. 4.xiao wangs parents livedinshanghaitenyears ago. 5.jane went tothegreatwalltwoorthree times. 练习三：用词的适当形式填空 1.he atesome bread and _ (drink) some milk. 2. _he_ (finish) his homework last night? 3. i_(be) tired yesterday. 4.i_(gain)arts degree lastyear. 5. what _ you _ (do)ateight oclock lastnight? 6.mygrandfather _(leave) hongkong fornewyorkin1998. 7. what _ you _(do) thistimeyesterday? 练习四：单选 ()1. _ you _at six oclockyesterday? a. do ,get upb. did,getupc. do, got upd. did, got up ()2. what did yousee_? a. nowb. every dayc. since1990d. just now ()3.he went intotheroom and _thedoor. a. lockb. lockingc.locksd. locked ()4. -what _you _ lastweek?- iboughtabag. a. did ,buyb. did , boughtc. do, buyd. do, bought ()5. -_he_ his lunch?-yes,hedid. a. have ,hadb. had, hasc. did, haved. did, had 练习五：用词的适当形式填空 aweek ago, kitty and ben _ (be)in thecountryside.atfirst,the wind _(blow) lightly. theleaves _(blew) slightlyin thewind. they _(fly) theirkitehappilyin thegentle breeze. suddenly,thewind _(become) stronger. the cloudsin the sky _ (move) quickly. leaves _(fall) from trees. thestringon benskite_ (break). the sky became dark. kitty and ben _ (go)home immediately. kitty and ben _ (stay)athome. they _ (watch) tv. the wind became much stronger.it_ (blow) fiercely.itbecameatyphoon. treesfelldown. ships and boats _ (sink)in the bigwaves. the typhoon_ (pass) quickly. thewind became gentler. thebigclean-up _ (begin) immediately. kittyand ben went outside again. 练习六：用词的适当形式填空 1. last weeki_ (buy)anew bike. 2.he_ (be)herejustnow. 3.he_ (notfind)hiskeylast night. 4.myfather _ (drink)alot ofwine yesterday. 5. _ you_ (finish) your homework yesterday? 6.i_(eat) some eggs and breadinthis morning. 7.hermother _ (not give)the girl anypresent. 8. _ you _ (do)your houseworklast night? 9. what _ you _(draw) onthatpaper justnow? 10. how many pens _ you _(bring) yesterday? 练习七：按要求写句子 1.ididntbuyanybooks.(改成肯定句) i_ books. 2.hebrokethewindow just now.（改成一般疑问句） _he_thewindow just now? 3. the wind blow gently.（改成过去时） the wind _ _. 4.ididmyhomework （改成否定式） i_myhomework. 5. the teacher beginherclassateight oclock. （改成过去时） the teacher _herclassateight oclock. 6.ifoundthebook ontheground.（就划线部分提问） _ you _thebook? 参考答案：参考答案： 一went had did talkedatevisited went was 二didntteachdidnthave didntfinddidnt livedidntgo 三drank/did , finish/was /gained/did,