全国硕士研究生入学考试英语冲刺试题.doc

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语冲刺试题simulated entrance test of english for ma/ms candidatesmodel test 毕金献 命制版权所有 侵权必究考生注意事项 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。 答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。英语知识运用、阅读理解a节、b节的答案填涂在答题卡1上。填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2b铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。阅读理解c节的答案和作文必须用（蓝）黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔、或签字笔在答题卡2上作答。字迹要清楚。 考试结束后，将答题卡1、答题卡2一并装入原试卷袋中，试题交给监考人员。考试时间 180分钟得 分满 分 100分 section use of englishdirections: read the following text.choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a,b,c or d on answer sheer 1. (10 points)there is nothing illogical or synthetic about the humility of great bookmen in calling attention to the limitations of the book. no book can 1 us to know everything that is to be known, or feel everything that is to be felt. a book is part of life, not a substitute 2 it. it is not a fit 3 for worship or enshrinement. it loses its charm and much of its value when accepted 4. no one would have been more 5 than aristotle if he could have known of the excessive and 6 veneration that would be given to his ideas in centuries to 7. when his works became the 8 words of advance knowledge, 9 knowledge became neither advanced nor vital.the particular occasion for these remarks is that there are 10 here and there that some of us in the book world may be 11 ourselves too seriously. in the effort to increase book reading some 12 things are being said about books. it is made to 13 that nothing is happening now that has not happened before, and that the only true approach to understanding is 14 books. we do neither service nor justice to books by 15 upon them such omnipotence and omniscience. many of the answers we need today are not necessarily to be found between 16. there are elements of newness in the present 17 of man that will not readily be 18 of by required reading or ready reference. books are not slide rules or blueprints for 19 automatic answers. what is needed is a mighty blend of the wisdom of the ages 20 fresh, razoredged analytical thought.1. inform b promise c enable d assure2. of b for c to d with 3. subject b issue c matter d image4. unreasonablyb unprofitablyc unwillinglyd uncritically5. disturbed b disguised c intervened d interrupted6. dreadful b respectful c harmful d faithful7. go b come c pass d emerge英语冲刺试题（一） 第1页8. big b end c late d last9. such b much c most d this10. symbols b signs c marks d trails11. confining b demanding c taking d pushing12. extraordinaryb exceptional c excessived extravagant13. show b appear c prove d indicate14. through b with c among d from15. focus b conferring c imposing d installing16. pages b covers c lines d words17. position b situation c status d dilemma18. disposed b discerned c dischargedd dispersed19. polishing b regulating c furnishingd forwarding20. from b with c over d forsection reading comprehensionpart adirections: read the following four texts.answer the questions below each text by choosing a,b,c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points)text 1banking is about money; and no other familiar commodity arouses such excesses of passion and dislike. nor is there any other about which more nonsense is talked. the type of thing that comes to mind is not what is normally called economics, which is inexact rather than nonsensical, and only in the same way as all sciences are at the point where they try to predict peoples behaviour and its consequences. indeed most social sciences and, for example, medicine could probably be described in the same way.however, it is common to hear assertions of the kind “if you were left alone on a desert island a few seed potatoes would be more use to you than a million pounds” as though this 英语冲刺试题（一） 第2页proved something important about money except the undeniable fact that it would not be much use to anyone in a situation where very few of us are at all likely to find ourselves. money in fact is a token, or symbolic object, exchangeable on demand by its holders for goods and services. its use for these purposes is universal except within a small number of primitive agricultural communities.money and the price mechanism, i.e., the changes in prices expressed in money terms of different goods and services, are the means by which all modern societies regulate demand and supply for these things. especially important are the relative changes in price of different goods and services compared with each other. to take random examples: the price of housebuilding has over the past five years risen a good deal faster than that of domestic appliances like refrigerators, but slower than that of motor insurance or french impressionist paintings. this fact has complex implications for students of the industry, trade unionism, town planning, insurance companies, fineart auctions, and politics. unpacking these implications is what economics is about, but their implications for bankers are quite different.in general, in modern industrialised societies, prices of services or goods produced in a context requiring a high servicecontent (e.g. a meal in a restaurant) are likely to rise in price more repidly than goods capable of massproduction on a large scale. it is also a characteristic of highly developed economies that the number of workers employed in service industries tends to rise and that of workers employed in manufacturing to fall. the discomfort this truth causes has been an important source of tension in western political life for many years and is likely to remain so for many more.21. money may be thought of as a the popular thing that stirs up fierce love or hatred.b the unique source that generates all kinds of good or evil doings.c the symbolic object that signifies ones wealth and priviledge.d the major subject of nonsensical talks that are related to economy.22. according to the text, economics is 英语冲刺试题（一） 第3页a similar to other social sciences in all the rubbish about it.b different from other social sciences in the forecast of peoples behavior.c similar to all other sciences in trying to foretell mans activities.d different from most sciences in its attempt to avoid bad consequences.23. in the writers view, the assertion that money would be useless on a desert islanda illustrates one limitation to the importance of money.b is of importance only to people stayed in such places.c proves the worthlessness of money in many situations.d shows nothing significant about money on a rare occasion.24. modern societies control supply and demanda by intervention in pricing goods and services.b by means of money and the price mechanism.c by keeping a watchful eye on price changes.d by fixing proper prices for specific industries.25. the writer suggests that the prices of servicesa rise owing to their highquality contents.b grow due to their onthespot production.c augment with the increase of service workers.d advance in proportion to economical growth.text 2for three decades weve heard endlessly about the virtues of aerobic(increasing oxygen consumption)exercise. medical authorities have praised running and jumping as the key to good health, and millions of americans have taken to the treadmill(踏车)to reap the rewards. but the story is changing. everyone from the american heart association to the surgeon generals office has recently embraced strength training as a complement to aerobics. and as weight lifting has gone mainstream, so has the once obscure practice known as “super slow” training. enthusiasts claim that by pumping iron at a snails pacemaking each “rep”(repeat) last 14 seconds instead of the usual sevenyou can safely place英语冲刺试题（一） 第4 页extraordinary demands on your muscles, and call forth an extraordinary response. slow lifting may not be the only exercise you need, as some advocates believe, but the benefits are often dramatic.almost anyone can handle this routine. the only requirements are complete focus and a tolerance for deep muscular burn. fox each exerciseleg press, bench press, shoulder press and so onyou set the machine to provide only moderate resistance. but as you draw out each rep, depriving yourself of impetus, the weight soon feels unbearable. defying the impulse to stop, you keep going until you cant complete a rep. then you sustain your vain effort for 10 more seconds while the weight sinks gradually toward its cradle. intense? uncomfortable? totally. but once you embrace muscle failure as the goal of the workout, it can become almost pleasure.the goal is not to burn calories while youre exercising but to make your body burn them all the time. running a few miles many make you sweat, but it expends only 100 calories per mile, and it doesnt stimulate much bone or muscle development. strength training doesnt burn may calories, either. but when you push a muscle to failure, you set off a pour of physiological changes. as the muscle recovers over several days, it will thickenand the new muscle tissue will demand sustenance. by the time you add three pounds of muscle, your body requires an extra 9,000 calories a month just to break even. hold your diet steady and, very quickly, you are vaporizing body fat.one might have benefited from any strength-training program. but advocates insist the slow technique is safer and more effective than traditional methods.26.many americans have taken to treadmill for years by virtue ofa its inherent awards to their health.b its greater consumption of oxygen.c the compliment paid by authorities.d the actual benefits from the exercise.27. according to the author,“super slow” traininga has been misunderstood for decades.英语冲刺试题（一） 第5页b has been widely accepted recently.c has been the basis of weight lifting.d has become the nucleus of aerobics.28. in practicing slow lifting, one has toa complete each rep with great demands for his muscles.b bear the unusual reaction caused by the training.c suffer the bitter effect called forth by the exercise.d exert extraordinary pressure on his legs and shoulders.29. slow weight lifters are required to make each repa without using any driving force.b without movement of their body.c with unbearable iron weights.d with the feeling of muscle failure.30. the phrase “to break even”(line 7,par.3) most probably meansa to upset the physical energy balance.b to disturb the calmness of the body.c to gain a greater profit than a loss.d to make neither a profit nor a loss.text 3to avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is liable, no superhuman genius is required. a few simple rules will keep you, not from all errors, but from silly errors. if the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking mrs. aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. he did not do so because he thought he knew. thinking that you know when in fact you dont is a fatal mistake, to which we are all liable.many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. if, like most of mankind, you have strong convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can 英语冲刺试题（一） 第6页make yourself aware of your own prejudice. if an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you subconsciously are aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. if someone maintains that two and two are five, or that iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. the most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. so whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence justifies.for those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different opinion. this has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. mahatma gandhi (圣雄甘地) considered it unfortunate to have railways and steamboats and machinery; he would have liked to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. you may never have an opportunity of actually meeting anyone who holds this opinion, because in western countries most people take the advantage of modern technology for granted. but if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what gandhi might have said in refutation of them. i have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary dialogue. furthermore, i have frequently found myself growing more agreeable through realizing the possible reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent.31. the author intends to tell us that human beings, including those of genius, are liable to foolish errors.b people can avoid silly mistakes unless they observe common rules.c it needs average intelligence for us to keep away from silly opinions.d foolish opinions usually occur to those who rarely commit big mistakes.32. the example of aristotle is used to indicate that observation can prevent people from making any mistakes.英语冲刺试题（一） 第7页b great men advance false arguments occasionally.c primitive apparatuses hamper precise observation.d realistic investigations are vital to sound judgments.33. according to the text, it is true that there are many ways to rectify our false beliefs in many matters.b our irritation at opposite arguments proves our inability to justify ourselves.c fierce controversies reveal their incapacity to convince either side.d we should firmly defend our belief when it encounters any challenge.34. the author tries to convince us of the fact that an imaginary argument with opponents may avoid foolish errors.b mahatma gandhi advocated adoption of new technology in various fields.c an opponents opinions can be verified by considering gandhis arguments.d we have to agree with actual opponents offering reasonable opinions.35. most people are unlikely to be subject to silly errors when they do not violate the rules of observation and imagination.b if they refute their opponents opinions in a fairly reasonable way.c unless they are convinced of their knowledge of things without justification.d until they become reconciled with their opponents through imaginary dialogue.text4financial engineers dont wear white lab coats.they dont experiment on rats or perform gas chromatography(气相层析).their raw materialmoneyisnt as showy as what biologists and physicists investigate. but the innovations they produce will contribute just as much to economic growth.maybe more,in fact,because without the science of finance, all other sciences are just a bunch of neat concepts. ideas begin to tribute to human betterment when theyre financedby venture capital, stock offerings, loans, or buyouts. a smoothly operating financial system showers money on good ideas. equally important, it cuts off funding to tired ideas and tired companies, so their assets can be employed more efficiently elsewhere.英语冲刺试题（一） 第8页in the 21st century economy, innovation in finance will increase in concert with the increase in competition. partly because of deregulation and globalization, competition should get tougher, and margins thinner. as products such as home mortgage loans become commoditized, financial-service companies will be forced to get more creative.financial technology will keep feeding off information technology. the secret to success will be a strong software platform, which will lower the cost of general services while making it possible to create high-margin variations as well. a few companies that get it right can spin away from the rest and become stronger and stronger.in the new world of finance, size counts. big companies enjoy economies of scale and name recognition, and they can be safer because their bets are spread across more regions and market segments. the value of u.s.bank mergers in the first half of 1998 was greater than that of the three previous years combined. the mergers are occurring across industries as well.at the other extreme will be specialists that survive by doing one thing either very cheaply or exceptionally well. by offering lower prices or better service, specialists will discipline the financial supermarkets; the big guys know their customers can walk away if they get a raw deal. “there is no way we are going to maximize a short term transactional benefit at the risk of destroying a long-term relationship,” says chase manhattan corp. vice-chairman joseph g.sponholz.predictably, the biggest winners from financial innovation will be companies, and families that have complex finances. banks already show signs of losing interest in people who want just plain checking accounts.but as incomes and wealth rise, more