有关刀具的中英文翻译资料.doc

tool purpose upon completion of this unit, students will be able to: * rough and explain the difference between finishing. * choose the appropriate tool for roughing or finishing of special materials and processing. * recognition tool cutting part of the standard elements and perspective. * the right to protect the cutter blade. * list of three most widely used tool material. * description of each of the most widely used knives made of the material and its processing of applications. * space and inclination to understand the definition. * grinding different tools, plus the principle of space and inclination. * to identify different forms of space and the inclination to choose the application of each form. the main points of knowledge: rough-finished alloy steel casting material scattered surplus carbide ceramic materials (junction of the oxide) tool with a chip breaking the surface roughness of the d-cutter knives diamonds after kok flank behind the standard point of (former) angle off-chip side front-side appearance and the outline of the former kok (i. kok) grinding carbon tool steel front-fast finishing horn of rigid steel double or multiple-side flank before the dip angle oblique angle surface-radius slice root for curling rough and finishing tool cutting speed only in the surface roughness not required when it is not important. rough the most important thing is to remove the excess material scattered. only in surface roughness of the finishing time is important. unlike rough, finishing the slow processing speed. chip off with the d-knives, better than the standard point of knives, in figure 9-10 a, is designed for cutting depth and design, for example, a 5 / 16-inch box cutter blade of the maximum depth of cut 5 / 16 inches, and an 8 mm square block will be cutting knives corner to 8 mm deep, this tool will be very fast corner block removal of surplus metal. slice merits of the deal with that, in a small blade was close thinning. this tool is also a very good finishing tool. but please do not confuse the thin band tool and tool-off crumbs. a chip-off is actually counter-productive tool to cut off the chip flakes. and the standard tool of the corner, compared with chip breaking tool for the corner is in its on and get grooving, figure 9-10 b. this tool generally used to block the corner of rough finishing. while this tool corner blocks have sufficient strength to carry out deep cut, but the longer the chip will cut off the plane around after shedding a lot of accumulation. chip is so because the tangles and sharp, and the operator is a dangerous, so this is a chip from the need to address the problem. double, or triple the speed of the feed will help to resolve, but this will require greater horsepower and still easily chip very long. because of the slow processing, however, this action will be a good tool but also because of the small root radius of the processing will be a smooth surface. especially when processing grey cast iron especially. cutting tools appearance appearance, sometimes called the contour of the floor plan is where you see the vision or the top down or look at the surface. figure 9-11 illustrate some of the most common form, those who could be on the cutting tools and grinding out successfully be used. national standards in its thread-cutting tool on a tiny plane can be as gb thread, the anglo-american unity and international standards screw threads. a special tool to outline the thread of the plane is to be ground into the correct size. tools corner fixed corner to a number of knives around the 15 degree angle while the other knives and cutting of the straight. when the mill in figure 9-12 a and 9-12 b, for example by the space and the inclination, these must factor into consideration in the review. figure 9-12 b tool corner block the angle is zero, compared with 9-12 a map is a heavier cutting tools, and the 9-12 a map will take more heat. the same amount of space in front of the two cases are the same. tool corner block component and the angle figure 9-13 tool corner block an integral part of the name, and plans 9-14 point of the name, is the machinery industry standards. grinding wheel tool corner block when the cutter is fixed in the middle of dao, tool corner block can not be the grinding. can not do so for the reasons: because of the large number of dao and extra weight, making corner together with the grinding is a clumsy and inefficient way. too much pressure could be added to round on the sand. this can cause the wheel benglie wheel or because of overheating and the rift on the corner tool damage. there are grinding to the possibility of dao. grinding a craftsman in his toolbox, should always be a small pocket lining grinding tool. alumina lining a grinding tool as carbon tool steel and high speed steel tool tool. the silicon carbide lining grinding tool grinding carbide cutting tools. cutting tools should always maintain smooth and sharp edge, so that the life expectancy of long knives and processing the surface smooth. cutting tool materials carbon tool steel cutter corner block usually contains 1.3 percent to 0.9 percent of carbon. these make use of the cutting tool in their tempering temperature higher than about 400 degrees fahrenheit (205 degrees celsius) to 500 degrees fahrenheit (260 degrees celsius) remained hardness, depending on the content of carbon. these temperature higher than that of carbon tool steel cutter will be changed soft, and it will be the cutting edge. damaged. grinding blades or cutting speed faster when using carbon tool steel cutter will be made of the blue, this will be in the imagination. tool will be re-hardening and tempering again. so in a modern processing almost no carbon as a tool steel blade. low-alloy steel cutting tool in the carbon steel tools added tungsten, cobalt, vanadium alloying elements such as the consequences. these elements and the hardness of high-carbon carbide. increased tool wear resistance. alloy tool steel that is to say there will be no hard and fast with hot red when the knifes edge can still continue to use it. low-alloy steel cutting tool is relatively small for a modern processing. high-speed steel with tungsten of 14 percent to 22 percent, or containing 1.5% to 6% of the w-mo (molybdenum which accounted for 6 percent to 91 percent). from high-speed steel tool made of a rigid heat, some high-speed steel also contains cobalt, which is formed of rigid factor. cobalt containing high-speed steel tool can maintain hardness, more than 1,000 degrees fahrenheit (or 540 degrees celsius) blade will become soft and easily damaged. after cooling, the tool will harden. when grinding, you must be careful because of overheating and cold at first, so that profile benglie zhucheng a variety of metal alloy materials have a special name called carbide, such as containing tungsten carbide cobalt chrome. in little or iron carbide. however, its high-speed steel cutting speed than the maximum cutting speed is higher 25 percent to 80 percent. carbide tool general for cutting force and the intermittent cutting processing, such as processing chilled iron. the past, carbide tool is mainly used for processing iron, but now carburizing tool for processing all the metal. carbide tool into the body than to the high-speed steel tool or casting - lighter alloy cutting tools, because tend to be used as a tool carbide cutting tools. pure tungsten, carbon carburizing agent or as a dipping formation of the tungsten carbide, suitable for the cast iron, aluminum, non-iron alloy, plastic material and fiber of the machining. add tantalum, titanium, molybdenum led to the carbon steel the hardness of higher tool, this tool suitable for processing all types of steel. in manufacturing, or tungsten steel alloy containing two or more of a bonding agent and the mixture is hard carbon steel tool, is now generally containing cobalt, cobalt was inquiry into powder and thoroughly mixed, under pressure formation of carbide. these cutting tools in the temperature is higher than 1,660 degrees f (870 degrees c) can also be efficiently used. carbide tool hardware than high-speed steel tool, used as a tool for better wear resistance. carbide tool in a high-speed gangdao nearly three times the maximum cutting speed of the cutting rate cutting. made from diamonds to the cutting tool on the surface finish and dimensional accuracy of the high demand and carbide cutting tools can be competitive, but these tools processing the material was more difficult, and difficult to control. metal, hard rubber and plastic substances can be effective tool together with diamonds and annoyance to the final processing. ceramic tool (or mixed oxide) is mixed oxide. with 0-30 grade alumina mixture to do, for example, contains about 89 percent to 90 percent of alumina and 10 percent to 11 percent of titanium dioxide. other ceramic tool is used with the tiny amount of the second oxides mixed together the cause of pure alumina. ceramic tools in more than 2,000 degrees f (1095 degrees c) temperature of the work is to maintain strength and hardness. cutting rates than high-carbon steel knives to 50 percent or even hundreds of percentage. in addition to diamonds and titanium carbide, ceramic tool in the industry is now all the materials of the most hard cutting tool, especially at high temperatures. tao structure easily broken in a specific situation, broken only carbon intensity of the half to two-thirds. therefore, in cut, according to the proportion of cutting and milling would normally not be recommended. ceramics cutting machine breakdown of failure is not usually wear failure, as compared with other materials, their lack of ductility and lower tensile strength. in short, the most widely used by the cutting tool material is cut high-speed steel, low alloy materials and carbide. gap and dip space and inclination of the principle is the most easily to the truck bed lathe tool bladed knives to illustrate. shape, size of the gap, and dip the type and size will change because of machining. similarly a grinding tool corner block is just like brushing your teeth. gap tool to stop the edge of friction with the workpiece. if there is no gap in figure 9-15a in the small blades, knives and the side will wear will not be cutting. if there are gaps in figure 9-15 b, will be a cutting tool. this basic fact apply to any type of tool. clearance was cutting the size depends on material and the cutting of the material deformation. for example, aluminum is soft and easy to slightly deformed or uplift, when the cutter corner into space within the perspective and the perspective of the space under, the equivalent in steel mill and will very quickly broken. table 9-1 (no. 340) that different materials grinding space and perspective. the correct amount of space will be properly protected edge. too much space will cause the blade vibration (fibrillation), and may edge of total collapse. tool corner for the slab block must have a backlash, behind (in front) gap, knife and cut-corner. the main cutting edge is almost as all the cutting work at the cutting edge of the cutting tool on the edge, on the left or right-lateral knives, or cutting tool in the end, cut off on a cutter. backlash angle for example, the role of a lathe tool corner to the left block when it mobile. if there is no backlash kok, fig 9-16 a, with the only tool will be part of friction rather than cutting. if a suitable backlash kok, fig 9-16 b, will be cutting edge and will be well supported. if i have too many gaps, fig 9-16 c, the edge will not support leading tool vibration (fibrillation) and may be completely broken. tool gap to the front or rear of the role when it fixed to zero, as shown in figure 9-17. if not in front of the gap. figure 9-17 a, the tool will not only friction and cutting. if a suitable space in front, fig 9-17 b, but also a good tool will be cutting edge will be well supported. if a big gap in front of ms, fig 9-17 c, the tool will lack support, will have a vibrate, and cutting edge may be pressure ulcer. figure 9-18 illustrate the gap in front of a lathe tool, when it with a 15 degree angle when fixed. the same amount of space on the front fixed to zero, and around the cutter, but the tool is the relatively thin. so the heat away from the blade less. typically, front-side or front-not too big in figure 9-19. it is usually from zero degrees to 20 degrees change, an average of about 15 degrees. there are clear advantages, according to the following: good cutting angle so that the cutting edge of the work was well, but relatively thin chips. cutting tools is the weakest part. by the former angle, the blade in the form of points around the workpiece. cutting edge shock will cause the entire tool vibration. when cutting the work nearly completed, the final section of metal was to ring, packing iron sheet or tangles in the form of the metal ball away gradually replaced by direct removal. pressure tends to stay away from the workpiece cutting tool rather than narrow the gap between its parts. 9-19 a in the plan was an example of the use of a 30-degree lateral cutting angle tool processing thin slice example. a mathematical proof of the plan 9-19 b in the right-angle triangle trip is to expand the use of a map 9-19 a right triangle in the same way, that is, in the direction of upward mobility to feed a 0.010 inch. right triangle adjacent to the edge (b) and feed 0.010 feet equivalent. the following formula using triangulation to explain: kok cosine a = right-angle-b / c xiebian or cosine of 30 degrees = b / c 0.886 = b/0.010 b = 0.866 * 0.010 b = 0.00866 (bladed too thin) when the mobile tool, the purpose of front-to be processed to eliminate from the surface of the cut-cutting tools. this angle is usually from 8 degrees to 15 degrees, but in exceptional circumstances it as much as 20 degrees to 30 degrees. if there is no gap in figure 9-20 a, cutting tools will be tied up, sharp beep, and the rivets may be the first to die away. the appropriate space, in figure 9-20 b, cutting tool will be cutting well. a manufacturing plant or cut off the fast-cutter blade with three space, in a root-surface or surface and the other in bilateral level, in figure 9-21. if a tool corner block from the date of the face, it can have up to five space, in figure 9-22. grooving tool sometimes known as area reduction tool used to cut a groove in the shallow end of the thread. inclination is the top tool inclination or, in the tool corner block on the surface. changes depending on the angle of the cutting material. improvement of the cutting angle, the blade shape, and guidelines from the chip from the edge of the direction. chip dip under the direction named. for example, if a chip from the edge cutter outflow, it is called anterior horn. if the chip to the back of the outflow, that is, to the dao, which is known as the horn. some mechanical error and the staff horn as a front-or knife corner. single tool like tool corner block may be the only edge of the blade side oblique angle, or in the back, only to end on the edge of the horn, or they may have roots in the face or front surface of the main cutting edge of the blade and cutting edge of the horn and a roll angle of the portfolio. in the latter case, cut off most of the surface with a cutter and a chip to the point of view in the tool horn and roll angle in both directions has been moved out. two different roll angle in figure 9-23 a and 9-23 b was an example. angle depends on the size and type of material was processed. 9-24 a map in figure 9-24 b and gives examples of zero to a fixed cutter after the two different angle. in figure 9-25 b and 9-25 a tool to the regular 15-degree angle. figure 9-26 tool to display a 15 degree angle fixed, but in this case a tool to roll angle after angle and the combination of form close to the workpiece. double or multiple chips to lead the inclination angle of a mobile or two away from the edge of the back and side to stay away from the cutter. comparison of various horn, shown in figure 9-27, corner of the horn of a negative point of view, and zero is the point of view. these dip in the corner cutter on the manifestation of a decision in the hands of the processing needs of the pieces. after kok was the size of the type of materials processing, and knives in dao fixed on the way. the type of lateral oblique angle figure 9-28 examples of tools corner blocks and four different types of lateral oblique angle of the cross-sectional. figure 9-28 a, is zero lateral oblique angle, like some of the brass materials, some bronze and some brittle plastic material is particularly necessary. standard side oblique angle, in figure 9-28 b, is the most common one of the bevel side. in the ductile material on the deep cut, easy to chip in the tool around the accumulation of many, and this will cause danger to the operator. the chip will become a deal with the problem. such a tool to cut off the grey cast iron is the most appropriate. chip laps volumes, figure 9-28 c, is one of the best types of inclination, especially in the ductile material on the special deep cutting. chip small crimp in close formation against the dao of bladed knives against the will of the rupture. the chip rolled up to maintain a narrow trough of the chip will guarantee that the width of closely lane vol. the chip is very easy to handle. volume circle with a chip is not a cut-chip. chip cut off, in figure 9-28 d, leading to chip in the corner was cut off, and then to