2012年12月大学英语四级考试多题多卷（二）答案详解.doc

2012年12月大学英语四级考试多题多卷（二）答案详解writingeducation paysthe bar chart given by us bureau of labor statistics reflects the unemployment rate in 2010 among people with different educational backgrounds. from these statistics, it can be seen that the higher degree one possesses, the less likely he is to be unemployed.generally speaking, two factors have contributed to this phenomenon.for one thing, the advancement of technology and the adjustment of industrial structure lead to a dramatic demand of workforces with high educational degrees. therefore, it is natural for people with higher educational degrees to enjoy a steadier and better-paying job.for another, those with lower educational degrees tend to be dismissed and substituted more frequently because their jobs which usually feature low technologies can be done by anybody. as far as i am concerned,education is indeed a worthy investment.first, as individuals, we should attach great importance to education. second, the government and authorities should adopt relevant measures to ensure the equity of education. only in this way can more people get the tickets to a much more comfortable life.开门见山，对图表进行描述：人们的教育司，失业率也不同。使用it can be seen + that结构明确指霆高的人群失业率越低。承上启下，指出两个因素造成了这种现象。用for one thing for another结构具体阐述两个因素，层次分明。表明自己的立场：教育确实是一项有价值的投资。用firstsecond结构， 从两个方面提出建议。reading comprehension (skimming and scanning)1.【线索词】“a controlled substance”d)【定位】由线索词定位到第一段 sugar poses enough health risks 和第二段最后三句 “there is nothing.lot kills-slowly.”【精析】细节推断题。文章第一段提出将糖归为管制品是因为其会造成健康风险，第二段引用评论文章来列举糖带来的健康风险：果糖会加速诱发肝损伤和许多其他慢性疾病的进程，少量的糖不会出问题，但是大量的糖会慢慢导致死亡。d)“过量食用糖会导致肝损伤和备种庆病”是对定位句的概括。 2.【线索词】americans attitude ,regulationc)【定位】由线索词定位到第三段第二句 but its doubtful that americans will look favorably upon regulating their favorite vice.【精析】细节辨认题。本题考查的是美国人可能对政府监管糖消费所持的态度。文章提到美国人是否赞成政府对糖监管还很难说，言外之意是美国人可能不会赞成政府对糖消费的监管。故答案为c) disapproving “不赞成的”。3.【线索词】sugar intake, worldwidea)【定位】 由线索词定位到第四段第二、三句already,17% of us children and teens are obese. that contributes to 35 million annual deaths worldwide from noninfectious diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes.【精析】同义转述题。文章指出，过量吃糖会导致肥胖，而肥胖造成全世界每年3500万人死于非传染性疾病。a）是对定位句的同义转述，故为答案。 4.【线索词】food industrya)【定位】由线索词定位到第六段第一句前半部分 the food industry tries to imply that “a calorie is a calorie,”says kelly brownell. 【精析】细节辨认题。由定位句可知，食品行业试图暗示“热量就是热量”来减轻公众对吃糖的担心。这种表述暗含的意思是热量只是一种能量，不会对人体造成不良影响，糖有热量，而没有其他危害。a) “糖仅仅是一种能量” 符合这个表述。5.【线索词】brownell, liquid sugard)【定位】由线索词定位到第九段第二、三句“when calories come in liquids, the body doesnt feel as full,”says brownell. “people are getting more of their calories than ever before from sugared drinks.”【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，brownell认为“当热量以液态形式进人人体时，身体感觉不到饱，因此人们会从含糖饮料中获取比以前多的热量”。d）中的increases your calorie intake是对文中 getting more of their calories的同义转述。6.【线索词】imposing sugar taxesb)【定位】由线索词定位到第十段第四句和第五句前半部分but at least one study, from 2010,has raised doubts that soda taxes would result in significant weight loss. havent had the intended effect of steering kids away from drinking sugared drinks.【精析】同义转述题。作者对征收碳酸饮料税提出质疑，认为税收并不能解决这一问题，因为人们总是有办法做自己想做的事，越得不到的东西越想得到，所以政府实行的禁令政策不会产生预期的效果。b) 中的yield是对文中had的同义转述，故为答案。7.【线索词】regulating sugar will prove trickyc)【定位】由线索词定位到倒数第四段首句：ultimately,regulating sugar will prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; sugar, .for so many people, is love.【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，对糖的监管非常复杂是因为它不只和健康相关，对很多人来说，糖代表了爱，c）是对定位句的同义转述，故为答案。8. hazards【定位】由题干中的education should be conducted 定位到倒数第三段for inroads to be made.people have to be better educated about the hazards of sugar.【精析】同义转述题。此处需要填人名词。题干中的education should be conducted是对原文中have to be better educated的同义转述。故about后的内容为本题的答案。9.tightened【定位】由题干中的licensing requirements on vending machines and snack-bars定位到倒数第二段many of the interventions. . . can be models .for addressing the sugar problem. tightening licensing requirements on vending machines and snack-bars that sell high sugar products in schools and workplaces.【精析】同义转述题。此空前有be动词，宾语从句中缺少谓语，需要填人动词的过去分词形式。题干是对定位句的同义转述，由定位句中的主动语态变为被动语态，因此答案为paratively easier to get/slightly more convenient【定位】由题干中的gentle way定位到最后一段最后两句were talking about gentle ways to make sugar consumption slightly less convenient by making foods that arent loaded with sugar comparatively easier and cheaper to get.【精析】同义转述题。此处需要填人形容词或形容词性短语，构成“make sth. + adj.”结构，题干中的. inexpensive是对原文中cheaper的同义转述，low-sugar foods是对foods that arent loaded with sugar 的同义转述。故答案为comparatively easier to get。定位句前半部分提到是通过温和的手段使人们对糖的消费稍微不那么便利，slightly less convenient和 “较容易”形成对比，因此空格处也可填人slightly more convenient表达相同的意思。listening comprehensionsection a11. w:i just heard about a really beautiful park in the east end of town. there are a lot of roses in bloom.m: why dont we walk over there and see for ourselves?q: what will the speakers probably do？ 答案：d)12. m: my presentation is scheduled for 9:80 tomorrow morning at the lecture hall. 1 hope to see you there.w: oh, sorry. i was about to tell you that i have an appointment with my dentist at 9o clock tomorrow.q: what do we learn about the woman?答案：c13. m: how long have you been running this company?w: twenty years if you can believe that. i brought it from a small operation to what it is today.q: what do we learn about the man?答案：a14. m: have you read the news on the campus net? susan has won the scholarship for next year.w: i knew she would from the very beginning. such a brilliant and diligent girl! she certainly deserves it.q: what does the woman mean ？答案：a) 15. w: taking a bus to miami is cheaper than going by train.m: thats true. but id rather pay a little more for the added comfort and convenience.q: what does the man mean ？答案：b) 16. m: i think its time we got rid of all this old furniture.w: youre right. we need to promote our image. besides, its not a real antique.q: what do the speakers mean ?答案：c)17. w: that was some storm yesterday. i was afraid i couldnt make it home.m: yeah. most of the roads to my home were flooded. i didnt get home from the lab until midnight.q: what do we learn from the conversation ？答案：c)18. w: my boys are always complaining that theyre bored.m: why dont you get them to some team sports? my son and daughter play soccer every saturday. and they both look forward to it all week.q: what does the man mean ？答案：b)conversation onew: so john ,i hear you and arthur share a job, dont you?m: yeah .(19) we ve shared a sales job at sonatech for about two years now.w: well ,how do you divide up your schedule?m: (19)you know we are both sales representatives and we take orders over the phone. when we started job sharing it was difficult, because we both worked all day monday. i worked tuesday and thursday and arthur worked wednesday and friday. (20)the problem was that when i was in the office on tuesday, i would talk to people. then they would call back on wednesday with a question. but arthur couldnt answer the question and he couldnt ask me about it because i wasnt in the office. so he had to ask the people to call me back the next day, thursday. of course, they didnt like to wait until the next day to have their questions answered.w: yes, that sounds like a problem.m: so, finally we decided that arthur would work in the mornings and i would work in the afternoons. now if someone calls with the question for me in the morning, arthur tells them to call me in the afternoon. this way, people get their questions answered the same day.w: what do you do about vacations?m: well, (21)sonatech gives the usual two weeks of vacation to full-time employees. i take a week and arthur takes a week.w: it sounds like job sharing has worked out well for you.m: yes, it has. we are both happy with it.19. what do john and arthur do at sonatech？ 答案：d)20. what problem did john and arthur have when they started job sharing？答案：d)21. what does john say about their annual vacation？答案：a)conversation twow: may i see your license, please?m: but officer, did i do something wrong?w: (23) do you mean to say you didnt see the speed limit sign back there?m: (23) um , no , maam, i guess 1 didnt.w: in other words, you drove by too fast to read it. the sign says 35 miles an hour. (22)a school is just nearby, you know.m: dont get me wrong, but my speedometer didnt read much faster than that.w: then , why is it that my radar showed you were going 45? let me put it another way. im going to have to give you a ticket. again, may i see your license, please?m: here it is ,officer. but let me explain. i was late for an important appointment and i was worried that i wouldnt make it on time. so.w: aha,just a minute,here. (24) your license is no longer valid. you should have renewed it two weeks ago. im going to have to write you up for that, too.m: what? really?w: your license becomes invalid on your birthday and that was two weeks ago according to the date here. you are in violation of the law-driving without a valid license.m: im sorry, maam. i hadnt realized that.w: (25) heres the ticket for not having a valid license. but im only going to give you a warning about exceeding the speed limit .be careful next time.m: yes, maam, officer, i will. thank you.22. where was the man stopped by the police officer？答案：c)23. what did the man claim about the speed limit sign？答案：b)24. what did the woman say about the mans driving license？答案：c)25. what was the mans penalty？答案：a)section bpassage onesince i started working part-time at a grocery store, i have learned that a customer is more than someone who buys something.(26)to me, a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she started to push a shopping card. one of the first things customers forget is how to count. (27)there is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line, which is clearly marked 15 items or less, with 20,25 or even a cart load of items.(28)customers also forget why they came the store in the first place. just as i finish ringing up an order, a customer will say, “oops ,i forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread. i hope you dont mind waiting while i go get it. ”five minutes later, hes back with the bread ,a bottle of milk and three rolls of paper towels. strange as it seems customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries. instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while i am ringing up the groceries, my customer will wait until i announce the total. then ,in surprise, she says, oh no, what did i do with my check book? after 5 minutes of digging through her purse, she borrows my pen because shes forgotten hers. (29)but i have to be tolerant of customers because they pay my salary, and thats something i cant afford to forget.26. what does the speaker say about customers entering the grocery store？答案：d)27. which customers are supposed to be in the express line？答案：b)28. what does the speaker say some customers do when they arrive at the check-out counter？答案：a)29. what does the speaker say about his job at the end of the talk？答案：b)passage twothe speech delivery style of europeans and asians tends to be very formal. speakers of these cultures often read oral presentations from carefully written manuscripts. on the other hand, american speakers are generally more informal relative to speakers in other cultures. (30) american audiences prefer a natural,spontaneous delivery, that conveys a lively sense of communication. they dont relay well to speakers who read from a manuscript. if you use an outline of your ideas instead of a prepared text, your speech will not only sound more natural, but you will also be able to establish better relationship with your listeners and keep their attention. (31)the language and style you use when making an oral presentation should not be the same as the language and style you use when writing. well-written information, that is meant to be read, does not work as well when it is heard. it is, therefore, important for you to adapt written texts or outlines for presentations. good speakers are much more informal when speaking than when writing. they also use their own words and develop their own speaking styles. whenever possible, they use short words. listeners appreciate it when speakers use simple, everyday words in a presentation. one advantage is that its much easier for speakers to pronounce short words correctly. another is that long and sophisticated vocabulary choices make listening more difficult.30. what does the speaker say american audiences prefer？答案：c)31. what should one pay attention to when making an oral presentation？答案：b)32. what does the speaker focus on in the talk？答案：d)passage three let children learn to judge their own worka child learning to talk doesnot learn by being corrected all the time. if corrected too much ,he will stop talking. (33) he compares a thousand times a day the difference between language as he uses it and language as those around him use it. bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other peoples. (33)in the same way, kids learning to do all the other things they learn without adult teachers, to walk ,run, climb, ride a bike, play games ,compare their own performance with what more skilled people do, and slowly make the needed changes. (34) but in school we never give a child a chance to detect his mistakes. we do it all for him. we act as if we thought he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him. (35) soon he becomes dependent on the expert. we should let him do it himself. let him figure out,with the help of other children if he wants it,what this word says, what is the answer to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or that. if right answers need to be given, as in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. let him correct his own papers. (35) why should we teachers waste time on such tedious work? our job should be to help children when they tell us that they cant find the way to get the right answer.33. how does a child learn to do something according to the speaker ？ 答案：a)34. what belief do teachers commonly hold according to the speaker ？ 答案：c)35. what does the speaker imply about the current way of teaching ？ 答案：d)section c36. erpersonal39.detail40. controlled41 .abruptly42 .references43 .indication44. it is considered very rude to be late-even by 10 minutes-for an appointment in america45. it has enabled americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in america46. amlericans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later timereading comprehension(reading in depth)section a47 .o) 【精析】形容词辨析题。空格前面是be动词的否定形式，因此空格处需要填人形容词作表语。前一句中提到carly fiorina的丈夫提前退休来支持她的事业，这在当时引起了一个小轰动。原文中使用了分号，由此可知本句和前一句进行对比，当时的轰动现在不算什么，故形容词unusual “不寻常的，与众不同的”为本题答案。48 .d) 【精析】副词辨析题。空格前面是be动词，后面是名词，空格处既可填形容词，也可填副词。本句提到，“财富五百强”公司的首席执行官中有18 名女性，其中7位的丈夫是全职丈夫。句意表述完整，在ceos前再加形容词就显得多余了，因此空格处应选择副词，备选答案中只有两个副词，此处符合题意的应是currently“当前，现时”。49 .c) 【精析】形容词辨析题。空格前是scores of“许多的”，后是名词ceos，因此需要填人形容词来进行修饰。文章围绕女性首席执行官展开，而且本句中有and连接的两个并列短语，后者中含有50 .j) 【精析】语义推断题。空格前为be动词，根据句意应填人动词的现在分词形式，且该动词需要和前面的role change搭配。备选动词中是现在分词形式且能与role change搭配的只有occurring，意为“发生”。51 .h) 【精析】动词辨析题。空格前有名词作主语，后面有名词作宾语，推断此处需填人动词作谓语，且需要和a majority of jobs搭配，fill意为“填充，就职”，可以和jobs搭配并且符合题意。52. k)【精析】名词辨析题。空格前是两个并列的形容词managerial和professional，此处需要填人名词，上文提到jobs，此处应填人和工作相关的名词。选项中的occupations和positions都和工作相关，occupations意为“职业”, positions意为“位置，职位”，联系空格前的形容词可知positions更符合表达习惯。53. b)【精析】固定搭配题。空格处和介词on构成固定搭配，前后都有逗号隔开，在句子中作状语，本句意为“在美国很多大城市，30岁及30岁以下的女性的收人比同龄的男性多”，这只是一种概述，因此应填表示概述的词来使表述更严谨。备选项中只有average和on构成固定搭配，on average“平均来看”符合题意。54. m)【精析】名词辨析题。空格前面是形容词recent, 并且句首处为介词during，由此可知此处应填人名词，表达“在最近的某个时期”之意。此句中又提到了失业率，因此应填人和经济相关的名词。备选项中recession衰退，不景气”放在此处符合句意，为本题答案。55. l)【精析】形容词辨析题。空格前面是定冠词the, 后面是名词短语wage earners，所以空格处应填人形容词作定语。前半句提到丈夫失业，后半句表达妻子要赚钱养家，前后形成对比。丈夫照顾孩子，妻子成为赚钱的主力，故此处应选primary“主要的”。56. n)【精析】副词辨析题。空格处所在的句子是由who引导的定语从句，who在定语从句中作主语，空格后面是动词短语care for，此处缺少副词作状语，句意为“照看5岁以下孩子的男性数量从1988年的19上升到2010年的32 %。regularly意为“定期地，有规律地”符合句意。section b57.【定位】由题干中的look back, at college定位到首段末句my friends never seem to understand why im so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.b)【精析】细节辨认题。文章开篇提及“我”每年暑假都会在工厂打工，很早就起床工作，非常痛苦。在第一段最后，作者明确提出他的暑假has been anything but a vacation，此处的anything but为固定搭配，意为“根本不，决不”，联系上文可知他的暑假很辛苦，根本算不上假期，故答案为b)。58.【定位】由题干中的college students定位到第二段前两句therere few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world. people my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge.c)【精析】细节辨认题。文章第二段第一句提到，很少有人像从来没步人社会的大学生一样自信。隐含的意思是大学生过于自信。第二句提到“我”的同龄人似乎总是高估自己的时间和知识的价值。c）中的think too highly of是对文中overestimate的同义转述，故答案为c)。59.【定位】由题干中的most frustrating定位到第三段第一句the most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear overnight.b)【精析】细节辨认题。文章第三段第一句指出，蓝领工人生活中压力最大的事情是知道自己可能会一夜之间丢掉工作。b)“他们没有工作保障”就是表示随时可能丢掉工作，故答案为b)。60.【定位】由题干中的work experience和changed定位到第四段第二句when im back at the university. 和文章最后一句my experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before i enter the real world for good.d)【精析】综合理解题。第四段第二句提到，当“我”回到大学时，“我”意识到逃课、上交因不努力而被要求重写的作业看起来都太不负责任了，并且认为关于教育价值的建议和公共服务声明都是有道理的。这些表明作者学习态度的转变。文章最后一句提到工厂的工作经历激励“我”充分利用大学时光，也体现了作者的变化，故答案为d)。61.【定位】由题干中的guilty定位到第五段前两句these lessons im learning, however valuable, are always tinged with a sense of guilt., where i spend only two months at a time.a)【精析】推理判断题。作者在第五段第一句提到他对自己获得的经验略带一丝内疚。第二句进一步解释，他仅仅在工厂待了两个月。作者之后会回学校接受教育，将来会有更好的工作机会，但是很多人只能一辈子在工厂做工，这是他和蓝领工人之间巨大的