人教版八年级英语(上)教材精讲精练.doc

/cothy18a. go shopping b. read c. exercise 锻炼 d. watch tve. go skateboarding 去滑滑板a: what do you usually do on weekends? 你在周末通常做什么？b: i often go to the movies. 我经常去看电影。内容详解：1. on weekens 在周末，每逢周末 辨析：用介词on，in或at填空 _ sunday 在周日 _ the morning of last monday 在上周一早晨 _ the morning 在上午 _ a week 在一周中 _ six 六点钟 _ dawn 在黎明 _ dark 在黄昏 on用于特定时间前（如：星期几；周末；特定某天的上、下午或晚上） in用于较长时间前（如：一天中的早、午、晚；周；年；世纪） at用于具体时刻（如：点钟、黎明、黄昏、午夜midnight） 答案：on；on；in；in；at；at；at2. go to the movies 去看电影 其他说法：go to the cinema和go to see a film3.句型：what+助动词（do/does）+sb.+do？ sb.+频率副词+do/does sth.一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。主句是非第三人称单数时，谓语动词用原形；主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要在词尾加-s或-es。 例句：a: what does she usually do on weekends? b: she often goes to the movies. 请将以下句子翻译成英语： 小明周末通常做什么？ 他经常在周末打篮球。 她总是在周末购物。 张强很少在周末锻炼。 我有时在周末读书。 他从来不在星期一看电视。 答案： what does xiao ming usually do on weekends? he often plays basketball on weekends. she always goes shopping on weekends. zhang qiang hardly ever exercises on weekends. i sometimes read on weekends. / i read on weekends sometimes. / sometimes i read on weekends. he never watches tv on monday.4.频率副词：表示频率的副词（短语）通常用于一般现在时或一般过去时（过去的某段时间里做某事的频率）的句子里，频率副词（短语）常放在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。sometimes也可放在句首或句末。hardly ever和never属于否定词，句中有了hardly ever或never，该句即为否定句。 例句：见上面6个句子 请将下列词汇连成一个完整的句子： the sun，in the east，rises，always usually，i，get up，at 7，a pupil，i was，when he，went to，never，the library 答案： the sun always rises in the east. 太阳总是从东方升起。 i usually get up at 7 when i was a pupil. 当我是个小学生时，我通常7点起床。he never went to the library. 他从来不去图书馆。a: how often do you watch tv?b: twice a week.内容详解：1.句型：how often+助动词（do/does）+sb. do sth.? 某人多久做一次某事？ sb. do/does sth.+频率 某人多久做一次某事。 例句：a: how often does he watches tv？ b: he watches tv twice a week. 请将以下句子翻译成英语： 你多久锻炼一次？ 她多久看一次电影？ 他每月购物一次。 张红每周打两次或三次篮球。 她每天都看电视。 答案： how often do you exercise? how often does she go to the movies? he goes shopping once a month. zhan hong plays basketball two or three times a week. she watches tv every day.2.辨析：用how often，how long或how soon填空 _ do you go to the library? twice a week.（答句表示动作的频率，故选how often） _ have you been in america? for two years.（答句表示动作持续的一段时间，故选how long） _ will he be back? hell be back in an hour.（答句表示多久后出现何事，选how soon） how long意为“（延续）多长时间”，回答用“for.”或“since.”引导的时间状语；how soon意为“还要多久（时间）才”，一般用将来时态，回答用“in.”引导的时间状语。1. surf the internet 上网冲浪2. read english books 阅读英文书籍3. favorite program/programme 最喜爱的节目what do you usually do on weekends? 周末你通常做什么？i usually play soccer. 我通常踢足球。what do they do on weekends? 他们周末做什么？they often go to the movies. 他们经常去看电影。what does he do on weekends? 他在周末做什么？he sometimes watches tv. 他有时看电视。how often do you shop? 你多久购物一次？i shop once a month. 我每月购物一次。how often does cheng watch tv? 程多久看一次电视？he watches tv twice a week. 他每周看两次电视。内容详解：1. all 所有的 most 大多数的 some 一些 no 没有的；全无的 例句：the room has no window. 那个房间没有窗户。 i have no money with me. 我身上没有带钱。2. here are the results of the student activity survey at green high school. 这是格林中学学生活动的调查结果。here are .表示“这儿有”“这儿是”，是一个倒装句。 正常语序： the results of the student activity survey at high school are here. 例句：here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 here are flowers for our teacher. 这是送给我们老师的花。 拓展：其他以here开头的倒装句，例如： here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 当主语为代词时，不倒装，如： here you are. / here it is. 给你。3.辨析：用every day或everyday填空 they speak english _. the _ english should be learnt by heart. if you want to improve your spoken english, you must speak more _english _. every day意为“每天”；everyday意为“日常的”，只作定语。 答案：every day；everyday；everyday；every day4.辨析：用a，some或any填空 there are _ books on the desk. i drank _ glass of water. do you want _ biscuits（饼干）? do you want _ milk? there arent _ people in the street. we have _ apple trees in our garden. there isnt _ bread in that tin. are there _ eggs in the basket? would you please give me _ water to drink? a用于单数可数名词前； some用于肯定句；或用于表示委婉请求希望得到肯定回答的一般疑问句中； any用于否定句和一般疑问句中。 答案：some；a；any；any；any；some；any；any；some内容详解：1. how often do you drink milk, liu fang? 刘芳，你多久喝一次牛奶？ drink 既可作动词，意为“喝”；也可作名词，意为“饮料”（可数）。 例句：would you like something to drink? 你想喝点什么吗？ there are all kinds of drinks in the shop. 商店中有各种各样的饮料。 milk 既可作不可数名词，意为“牛奶”；也可作动词，意为“挤奶”。 例句：we drink milk every day. 我们每天都喝牛奶。 how often do you milk a goat? 你多久挤一次山羊奶？2. but my mother wants me to drink it. 但我妈妈要我喝。 句型：want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 want sb. not to do sth. 不要某人做某事 want sth. 想要某物 want to do sth. 想（要）做某事 例句：his wife wanted him to repair their sons bicycle. 他的妻子要他去修他们儿子的自行车。 they want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 did you want to tell me something? 你想告诉我什么吗？ i want to go to beijing this summer. 这个夏天我想去北京。3. she says its good for my health. 她说它对我的健康有好处。 be good for 对有好处；对有益 be bad for 对有害 be good at 对擅长 例句：honey is good for your health. 蜂蜜对你的健康有益。 watching tv too much is bad for your eyes. 看太多电视对你的眼睛有害。 my friend bill is good at maths. 我的朋友比尔数学很好。health为不可数名词，意为“健康”；healthy是health的形容词，意为“健康的”。 be in good/bad health 身体好/不好 keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康课文翻译：但我相当健康。我每天都锻炼，通常是在我放学回到家的时候。我的饮食习惯相当好。我尽量吃大量的蔬菜。我每天吃水果、喝牛奶。我从不喝咖啡。当然，我也喜欢吃垃圾食品，我每周吃两三次。哦，我每晚睡觉9个小时。所以你瞧，我很照顾我的健康。我健康的生活方式帮助我取得好成绩。好的食物和锻炼帮助我学习更好。内容详解：1. .but im pretty healthy. 但我非常健康。 pretty既可作副词，也可作形容词。 adv. 相当，通常用来修饰形容词或副词，同义词有very，quite等。 adj. 漂亮的，优美的，多用来形容小孩、妇女或较细小的东西。 例句：its pretty cold today. 今天相当冷。 she is a pretty girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。2. i try to eat a lot of vegetables. 我尽量吃大量的蔬菜。 try to do sth. 意为“尽力、设法去做某事”，强调需付出一定的努力； try doing sth. 意为“尝试做某事”，不一定要付出很大努力。 try not to do sth. 尽力不做某事 例句：he tried hard to improve his english. 他设法提高他的英语。 try doing more exercise, youll soon lose weight. 试着多参加些锻炼，你的体重很快就会减轻。 ill try not to be late again. 我将尽力不再迟到。 try ones best to do sth. 尽某人全力去做某事 例句：we should try our best to practice speaking english. 我们应该尽最大努力练习说英语。 try on 试穿 例句：can i try it on? 我能试穿一下吗？ have a try 试一下 例句：i cant open the door.will you have a try? 我打不开这扇门.你来试试行吗？ a lot of = lots of 大量的，许多的 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，通常用于肯定句中。 在否定句和疑问句中多用many或much。 例句：i drank a lot of water after running. 跑步完后我喝了大量的水。 mike doesnt have many friends here. 迈克在这儿并没有很多朋友。3. and my healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades. 我健康的生活方式帮助我取得好成绩。 good food and exercise help me to study better. 好的食物和锻炼帮助我学习更好。 help sb. do sth. = help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事4. is her lifestyle the same as yours or different? 她的生活方式与你的相同还是不同？ the same (.) as . 与相同 例句：my bag is the same as yours.【名词性物主代词】 我的袋子和你的相同。 请将以下句子翻译成英语： 我的手表和他的相同。 小明的铅笔和她的相同。 张强的电脑和我的相同。 他们的书和我们的相同。 老师的椅子和学生们的相同。 他的汽车和张先生的相同。 答案：my watch is the same as his. xiao mings pencil is the same as hers. zhang qiangs computer is the same as mine. their books are the same as ours. the teachers chair is the same as the students. his car is the same as mr. zhangs.be different from 与不同例句：his pen is different from mine. 他的钢笔与我的不同。 their school is different from ours. 他们的学校与我们的不同。 difference是different【形容词】的名词，意为“差异，不同之处”。内容详解：so maybe im not very healthy, although i have a healthy habit.因此我可能不太健康，尽管我有一个健康的习惯。1.辨析：maybe和may bemaybe adv. 或许；可能；大概 通常位于句首，也可置于谓语动词之前或句末。其同义词是perhaps，probably。 例句：maybe he knows the way to the zoo. 或许他知道去动物园的路。 maybe they let you in. 或许他们让你进去。 maybe he was a doctor. 或许他（过去）是个医生。may be 情态动词+be动词，意为“可能是”。 例句：you may be right. 你可能是对的。 the man in white may be a dentist. 那个穿白衣服的男的可能是个牙医。maybe you are right. = you may be right. 或许你是对的。 maybe she is a teacher. = she may be a teacher. 她或许是个老师。 当maybe后跟一个系表结构的句子时，可写出may be句型的同义句。2. although是个连词，意为“虽然；即使；纵然”，引导让步状语从句【尽管；即使】，大多数情况下与though通用。although引导的从句，既可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，若置于主句之前，多用逗号与主句隔开。 例句：although it was very cold, (yet) he went out without an overcoat. = it was very cold, but he went out without an overcoat. 尽管很冷，但他没有穿大衣就出去了。 在一个句子里，用了although或though，就不能再用but，但可用yet；用了but，也不能再用although或though。重点词汇记忆垃圾食品 junk food 饮食习惯 eating habits 至于，关于 as for健康的生活方式 healthy lifestyle 与相同 the same as与不同 be different from 对有好处 be good for 照顾，照看 look after 有点儿，有几分 kind of 相当好 pretty good保持健康 keep healthy / keep in good health 上网 surf the internet每周一次 once a week 每月两次 twice a month 当然 of course每年三或四次 three or four times a year 大量的 a lot of / lots of语法学习用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. how often _ your father _ (drink) wine?2. his mother _ (come) to see him once a week.3. her sister _ (not stay) at home on sundays.4. lei feng _ (be) always ready to help others.5. the boy never _ (eat) junk food.6. ann _ (go) to the police station this morning.7. look! the students _ (swim) in the river.8. li lei often _ (help) his mother with housework.9. where _ (be) you last night?10. what about _ (play) soccer now?句型转换：11. she exercises every day.（就划线部分提问）_ _ _ she _ ?12. jim always does his homework after school.（改为否定句）jim _ _ his homework after school.13. the old woman，water，the，helps，carry，girl，usually（连词成句）_14. he often has bread for breakfast.（将often改为now并改写句子）he _ _ bread for breakfast now.15. he never goes fishing, _ _?（完成反意疑问句）16. there is some milk in the glass.（改为否定句） there _ _ milk in the glass.17. maybe tom is in the room.（改为同义句） tom _ _ in the room.18. does，mike，do，what，on，monday，usually（连词成句） _19. he exercies three times a week.（就划线部分提问） _ _ _ does he _ ?20. they are very poor, but they have enough to eat.（改为同义句） _ they are very poor, they have enough to eat.答案：1. does; drink 2. comes 3. doesnt stay 4. is 5. eats 6. went 7. are swimming 8. helps 9. were 10. playing 11. how often does; exercise 12. never does 13. the girl usually helps the old woman carry water. 14. is having 15. does he 16. isnt any / is no 17. may be 18. what does mike usually do on monday? 19. how many times; exercise 20. althougha: whats the matter? 怎么了？b: i have a cold. 我感冒了。a: whats the matter? 怎么了？c: i have a stomachache. 我胃痛。d: i have a sore back. 我背痛。内容详解：1. give advice 提建议 advice是不可数名词，意为“建议，忠告，劝告”。 “一条建议”应该说a piece of advice，而不能说an advice。 例句：he often gives us some good advice. 他经常给我们提出一些好的建议。其动词形式是advise，意为“建议，劝告”。advise sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做某事辨析：advise sb. to do sth.和persuade sb. to do sth.advise sb. to do sth. 指劝说某人做某事，不一定能够说服。persuade sb. to do sth. 指说服某人做某事，结果一定是成功的。例句：i advised my father to stop smoking but he wouldnt listen. 我劝我的父亲戒烟，但是他不愿意听。 i persuaded my father to stop smoking. 我说服我的父亲（成功）戒了烟。2. whats the matter? 怎么了？ 同义句：whats wrong? / whats the trouble? 以上句子通常与介词with连用。 例句：whats the matter with you? 你怎么了？ whats your trouble? 你怎么了？ whats wrong with your brother? 你弟弟怎么了？3. i have a cold. 我感冒了。 have a bad cold 重感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽4. i have a sore back. 我背痛。 have a sore throat 咽喉痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 have a headache 头痛 have a toothache 牙痛 其他表述身体不舒服的句型： 部位+hurt(s) hurt是动词，意为“疼，痛”，过去式仍为hurt。 此句型用于表达某一具体位置的疼痛。 例句：my head hurts badly. 我的头疼得厉害。 (there is) something wrong with+ones+部位 意为“某人不舒服；某人的出了问题”。例句：there is something wrong with her left eye. 他的左眼有问题。(there is) something wrong with sb. 某人不正常/某人不舒服。例句：is there something wrong with you? 你哪里不舒服吗？内容详解：1. lie down 躺下 例句：dont lie down on the ground. 不要躺在地上。 lie的多种用法： 动词，意为“位于”。其现在分词、过去式、过去分词分别是lying，lay，lain。例句：china lies in the east of asia. 中国位于亚洲的东部。 动词，意为“说谎”。 其现在分词、过去式、过去分词分别是lying，lied，lied。 例句：he lied to his mother. 他向她的妈妈说了谎。 名词，意为“谎言”。 tell a lie / tell lies 意为“说谎” 例句：the whole story is nothing but a pack of lies. 整个故事只不过是一派谎言。2. hot tea with honey 含蜂蜜的热茶 with在此句中是“带有”的意思，表示某物带有或具有某种特征。 介词短语with honey作hot tea的后置定语，修饰hot tea。 例句：a coat with four pockets 带有4个口袋的外套 a book with a blue cover 一本蓝色封面的书3. see a dentist 看牙医4. have a rest 休息一下a: whats the matter? 怎么了？b: i have a toothache. 我牙痛。a: maybe you should see a dentist. 也许你应该去看牙医。b: thats a good idea. 好主意。内容详解：should为情态动词，后接动词原形，其否定式为shouldnt。should常见的用法：表示建议、劝说，意为“应该，应当”。 例句：when you have a fever, you should drink lots of water. 当你发烧时，你应该喝大量的水。表示推测，同ought to，意为“大概，可能”。 例句：i think they should/ought to see us next week. 我认为他们下周可能来看我们。用于表示建议、命令、决定等的宾语从句中，should也可省去（美语），只用动词原形，意为“应该，必须”。 例句：i suggested that she (should) have a rest. 我建议她（应该）休息。i have a headache. 我头痛。you should go to bed. 你应该去睡觉。he has a stomachache. 他胃痛。he shouldnt eat anything. 他不应该吃任何东西。she has a toothache. 她牙痛。she should see a dentist. 她应该去看牙医。内容详解：1. im not feeling well. 我感到不舒服。 同义句：i dont feel well. well在此句中为形容词，意为“身体好的，健康的”【形容身体状况】。 例句：a: how are you today? 你今天怎么样？ b: im very well. 我很好。 另外，well还可用作副词，意为“得好”【修饰动词】。 例句：jack plays the piano very well. 杰克钢琴弹得非常好。 well作名词，意为“井”；well water 井水 单项选择： this kind of bread looks _ and smells _. a. good；well b. well；good c. good；good d. well；well 答案：c。句意：这种面包看起来不错，闻起来也不错。2. when did it start? 什么时候开始这样的？ start为动词，意为“开始”，与begin同义。 start to do sth. 开始做某事【任何情况下都可用】 start doing sth. 开始做某事【三种情况下不用此表达】 以下三种情况通常只用start to do sth. 主语是“物”而不是“人”时： 例句：the ice started to melt. 冰开始融化了。 start本身为-ing形式时： 例句：he is just starting to write the letter. 他刚刚开始写那封信。 其后的动词与想法、感情有关时： 例句：she started to understand it. 她开始明白这件事。3. oh, thats too bad. 噢，那太糟糕了。【口语交际】听到令人震惊又不愿意接受的消息。 im sorry to hear that. 听到我很难过。 【口语交际】听到对方有不顺心或不愉快的事情。 i hope you (will) feel better soon. 我希望你早日恢复健康。 【口语交际】听说对方身体状况欠佳，祝愿其早日康复。 i think so. 我也这么认为。 i dont think so. 我不这样认为。 i agree with you. 我赞同你。 i dont agree with you. 我不赞同你。 【口语交际】表达自己与他人有相同或不同的观点、看法。4. i hope you feel better soon. 我希望你早日康复。 hope to do sth. 希望（自己）做某事 hope+that从句【宾语从句】 没有hope sb. to do sth.句型 例句：i hope to go to tibet in the future. 我希望将来去西藏。 i hope that you can study harder. 我希望你能更加努力地学习。内容详解：1. tired 疲劳的，劳累的 tired常与be，feel，look等词搭配使用，且均有“疲倦”的意思。 be tired 身体疲倦 feel tired 感到累 look tired 看上去很疲倦 还有一些形容词，如hungry，thirsty等也有类似tired的用法。be tired from work 工作累了be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事例句：he is tired of this kind of job. 他厌烦这种工作。2. stressed out 紧张的；有压力的【形容词短语，常用作表语】 例句：you are too stressed out. 【系表结构】你太紧张了。 stressed是由动词stress（压，加压；强调）在词尾加-ed构成的形容词。 部分动词后加-ed可以构成形容词： interest v.感兴趣；使感兴趣 interested adj.感兴趣的 tire v.疲劳；使疲劳 tired adj.疲劳的 worry v.担心，担忧 worried adj.担忧的，焦急的 relax v.放松 relaxed adj.放松的 excite v.使兴奋 excited adj.感到兴奋的内容详解：problem为名词，意为“问题；难以处理的事情”。辨析：problem和questionproblem是指需要研究、解决的问题、难题，之前常用solve；question是指有疑问，需要回答的问题，之前常用answer。填空：we are studying the math _. 我们正在研究这道数学题。 he didnt answer my _. 他没有回答我的问题。答案：problem；question课文翻译：传统的中医认为，我们需要一种阴阳平衡来保持身体健康。例如，你经常感到虚弱和疲倦吗？或许你阴气太盛。你应该吃富含阳气的食物，像牛肉。吃党参和黄芪对此也有好处。而那些太紧张、易怒的人可能阳气过盛。中医认为，他们应该多吃阴性食物，如豆腐。中药现在在许多西方国家流行。拥有一个健康的生活方式是容易的，食用均衡的饮食是重要的。内容详解：1. traditional chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统的中医认为，要保持身体健康，我们需要体内阴阳二气的平衡。 traditional adj.传统的，是由名词tradition+后缀-al构成的形容词。 例句：traditional chinese medicine 传统的中药 it is a tradition that women get married in white dresses. 妇女结婚时穿白色婚纱是一种习俗。 believe v.相信；信任 例句：i dont believe you. 我不相信你（说的话）。 you cant believe anything she said. 你不能相信她说的任何话。 believe sth. believe+that从句【宾语从句】 例句：he believes what i said. 他相信我说的话。 i believe that he knows that place. 我相信他知道那个地方。 当believe后跟宾语从句且主语为第一人称时，它的否定形式与think的用法相同，即“否定在主句，翻译在从句”。 例句：i dont believe that he knows that place. 我相信他不知道那个地方。2. maybe you have too much yin. 或许你阴气太盛。 too much 太多，后接不可数名词 too many 太多，后接可数名词复数 例句：he has too much homework to do. 他有太多的家庭作业要做。 there are too many people in the park. 公园里人太多。 辨析：too much和much too too much后接不可数名词，意为“太多”，也可放在词尾或句尾； much too后接形容词或副词，意为“太”。 填空：there is _ _ noise（噪音） in the classroom. the book is _ _ expensive（昂贵的）. 答案：too much；much too3. eating dangshen and huangqi herbs is also good for this. 吃党参和黄芪对此也有好处。 eating dangshen and huangqi herbs是动名词短语作主语，做某事 例句：saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 watching tv too much is bad for your eyes. 看太多电视对你的眼睛不好。 also意为“也，同样”，常用于not only. but also.结构 not only.but also.前后两句要保持一致（时态、结构） 例句：she was beautiful. she was also clever. 她长得漂亮，她也聪明。 she was not only beautiful but also clever. 她不仅漂亮，而且聪明。not only the students but also the teacher was invited.【就近】不仅学生们被邀请，那位老师也被邀请了。not only.but also.用法：谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则” 判断正误： not only the xiao ming but also his parents watches tv every day. 答案：watches应该改为watch，因为距其最近的是his parents，复数。4. people who are too stressed out and angry may have too mu