大学英语四级考试翻译题技巧讲解和真题分析.doc

大学英语四级考试翻译题技巧讲解和真题分析一、翻译题题型介绍本部分考试时间为5分钟，考查方法为汉译英。每句只涉及15个左右的英语词，需添入的部分也只有3-8个单词，其中隐含着四级应当掌握的句型、语法、词语等知识点。二、翻译题做题基本步骤（一）根据汉语题干意思确定句型、句子基本结构，特别是是否需要倒装等。此外，还需要注意修饰成分（定、状、补）的位置以及核心语法（虚拟语气、比较状语从句、倒装句、非谓语动词、时态、语态等）。（二）确定译文的选词、词序等的组织与表达。此处要注意词语以及重点句型结构的选取。考生需要熟悉掌握四级考试大纲所要求的全部单词词组。（三）检查。一定要对照原文，首先检查译文是否正确表达了汉语题干的内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言或语法上的明显错误，如：时态、语态、单复数、拼写等。三、真题分析（2009年12月四级题）87. you would not have failed if you _(按照我的指令去做).88. despite the hardship he encountered, mark never _(放弃对知识的追求).89. scientists agree that it will be a long time _(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).90. production has to be increased considerably to_(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).91. the more exercise you take,_(你越不大可能得感冒).真题分析：如果仔细研究此次真题的考点，不难发现四级翻译部分的出题思路仍然是“名为考查翻译，实为考查语法结构以及固定句型以及词组”，很难涉及长难句的结构问题。因此考生在备考时，要熟练掌握四级核心语法以及四级的固定句型和单词。本次考试涉及的语法有虚拟语气、时间状语从句、时态、不定式作目的状语以及比较级的用法。涉及的固定词组有giveup, keep pace with等。真题详解：87.【参考答案】had followed my instructions/orders【要点解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。根据主句的would not have failed 结构就可以推断这是对过去事实的虚拟，那么从句则是had done 结构；“按照的指令”可表达为：follow my instructions/orders。所以答案为you had followed my instructions/orders。88.【参考答案】gave up pursuing knowledge【要点解析】本题考查动词give的搭配。“放弃”可译为give up。“对知识的追求”可译为：pursuing knowledge. encountered the hardship 用过去时态，因此后半句也要用一般过去时。89.【参考答案】before we find the methods of curing cancers/ before we find the cure for cancer【要点解析】本句考查before引导的时间状语从句。另外“治愈”可译为cure，而不应译为treat，treat是“治疗”的意思。所以治愈癌症的方法还可以译为cure for cancer。此外，根据句子的已知部分，可以判断出填写的部分用一般现在时。90.【参考答案】keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers【要点解析】本句空格处是做目的状语。 固定搭配“与保持同步”，可以翻译为keep pace with 或keep up with。“不断增长的”，可以翻译为increasing，growing或rising。“需求”可翻译为demands或needs。“消费者”翻译为consumer。91.【参考答案】the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold/ the less likely you are to catch a cold【要点解析】本题主要考查 the more.，the less.的用法。其用法与the more.，the more.一致，可翻译为“越越”。固定搭配“可能做某事”，可翻译为be likely to do sth; 固定搭配“感冒”，可翻译为catch a cold。四、常见的重点句型下面我们列出在历年真题中常见的重点句型、例句，供大家参考。1. it is+形容词+that例如：it is essential/ important/ necessary that we should learn english well.2. it is+形容词+to do/ doing例如：it is difficult/ essential to learn a second language.3. 祈使句名词+and/ or例如：work hard, and you will finally be able to accomplish your goal.4. as+many/ much+名词+as例如：it is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in leeds as in london. 5. 倍数词+as+形容词+as例如：the reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.6. 倍数词+ more +名词形容词+than例如：smoking kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.7.（not）as/so.as.: 和一样/不一样例如：the environmental problems are not as serious as they suggested in their report.8. no more. than.: 与一样不例如：she is no more fit to be a lawyer than a teacher.9. nothing is more. than.: 没有比更的；是最的例如：nothing is more important than to receive education.10. 感官动词+of+名词例如：they hurriedly escaped into a cave that smelt of terror.11. without/ not so much as.: 甚至没有例如：disappointed with her husband，mary left home without so much as looking back at him12. may/ might as wellas.:与其还不如例如：one may as well not know a thing at all as know but imperfectly.13.too.to.:太而不能例如：she is too young to handle the problem on her own.14. only to find/ see: 结果却例如：he got to the airport at 7 pm, only to find the plane had already taken off.15.itis undoubted that/ there is no doubt that.: 毫无疑问，例如：there is no doubt that peoples living standards have greatly improved in recently years.16. rather than.: 而不是例如：amid the atmosphere of thanksgiving day, rather than celebrating the holiday with his friends, john was absorbed in the diary his father left to him.17. not. until.: 直到才例如：we cant realize the value of freedom until we lose it.18. so/ suchthat.: 如此以至于例如：with the rumor spreading fast, they became so anxious that they could not sleep.19. (the) chances are that.: 很可能例如：chances of her recovery from illness are ten to one. 20. it occurred to sb. that.: 突然想到例如：it had never occurred to cinderella that she would become a princess someday.21. not. but.: 不是而是例如：to our disappointment, the plan caused not development but destruction.22. it is taken for granted that.: 被认为是理所当然的例如：fifty years ago, it was taken for granted that marriage was the goal of every young womens inmost thought.23. it is/ was said that.: 据说例如：it is said that many people died of traffic accidents every year.24. when it comes to.: 提及，当提到的时候例如：when it comes to whether the famous university should be open to tourists, opinion differ from person to person.25. .be not much of a: 是个不太好的例如：mike is not much of a teacher for he often skips from one subject to another.26. as far as sb.sth. is concerned: 就而言，在看来例如：as far as i am concerned, i prefer to travel abroad.27. not only. but also.: 不但而且例如：shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a brilliant poet.28. (n) either.(n) or.: 既不也不；或者或者例如：l