英语语法纲要.doc

英语语法纲要一、动词时态一般现在时表示特征或经常性动作，普遍真理my boss is in a bad mood today.wisdom in mind is better than money in the hand.一般过去时i hated going to school. 我以前不喜欢上学（不代表现在）。u在阅读中出现过去式不能代表现时的状态一般将来时china will increase dialogue and co-operation with the united states and the international community to crack down on all forms of terrorist activities.u新闻中常用一般将来时。背诵此句。i am leaving shanghai tomorrow.my parents are coming here next week.i am taking my cet4 next month.u以上三句用现在进行时表示将来时。记住此三句形式。过去将来时表示从过去某时看将来i was going to call you when you came in.she said she would come.现在进行时注意以下两句的的含义：you are always complaining.thats because you are always leaving your dirty socks on the floor!过去进行时i was working all weekend.i was not trying to annoy you.将来进行时说明未来某个时刻会发生的事情，中文里没有，英语中常用1、a:is mike free this afternoon?b:no,he isnt.he will be attending a meeting.表示将来的下午在开会！2、a:if you have any questions,i will be working in the next office.b:great.现在完成时she has worked here for three years.the us has not put as much importance on diplomacy as it should.she is the most beautiful girl i have ever met!记住句型i have never dreamed that i could see you again.过去完成时by the end of the year,we had helped 5000 homeless people.i had never used chopsticks筷子 before i came to china.u一般而言，过去完成时中有过去的时间或过去时态现在完成进行时过去某时一直延续到现在，特别强调事情尚要继续或刚刚停止i have been learning english for ten years.刚刚停止i have been dying to see you since i talked to you on the phone last week. 尚要继续i have been looking forward to meeting you for a long time.二、情态动词can表示能力、许可或请求she can speak three different languages.you can do anything if you try.i cannot understand what you mean.could表示具有的能力，可能发生的情况，也可表示一个可行的提议he could speake better.他能说的更好。【注意与can比较】that could be a good solution.那可能是个不错的办法。could have表示过去能够或可能但没有发生的动作或事件i could have done a lot better.我本来能够做的更好。i could have been a doctor,i could have been a lawyer,but i choose to be a teacher.我可以是个医生，可以是个律师，但我选择了做老师。i could have helped you,but i did not know you were in trouble.may,might表示可能发生的事（过去现在将来皆可）i might have gotten straight as this semester.这学期我很可能得a。i may know by this afternoon.今天下午可能就知道了。shouldyou should take care of yourself.you should go and see a doctor.should have表示本应该做的没有做，主要用于责备他人或自责you should have worn warmer clothes.你应该穿暖和一点的衣服。you should have told me it was cold before i left home.那你在我离家前就告诉我。have to英国人常用must美国人常用have to,表示必须i have to go now.you donot have to come.你没必要来。【句型】you donot have to tell her.你不必告诉她。would表示愿意i would try chinese medicine to cure your cold.must表示必须或揣测you must finish the job before five.必须you must be kidding.揣测must have表示对过去的揣测i must have left my keys in the car.非谓语动词不定式做主语to become president of the united states used to by goal.过去我的梦想是成为美国总统。to be a leader in your own city is a lot more realistic.不定式当表语my wish is to be a teacher!不定式当宾语i want to become a millionire.我想成为百万富翁。i cannot afford to buy a car.we find it impossible to get everything finished in time.she felt it stupid for him to talk like that.不定式做宾语补足语jim wants you to call him back.my teacher encouraged me to try again.force yourself to do more.逼自己多做点。不定式当状语表示原因结果或目的i will do everything i can to help you.目的what have i said to make you so upset?结果动名词当宾语常用于以下动词之后：enjoy,suggest,stop,delay,fancy,consider,admit,miss,involve,finish,postpone,imagineaviod,deny,risk,practise,give up,put off,go on,keep on,appreciate.动名词与动词不定式区别remember,forget,reget接不定式表示未发生，接动名词表示已经发生i remember seeing her somewhere,but i donot know her name.i reget not having accepted you