虚拟语气用法归纳.doc

unit 8 first aidlanguage study虚拟语气用法归纳1、在非真实条件句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。非真实条件有以下三类：（1）与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：从句：过去时主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。如if i were you, i would ask our teacher for advice.如果我是你的话，我就请教老师。（2）与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：从句：过去完成时主句：would/should/could/ might +have+动词过去分词。如if i hadnt taken the wrong bus, i wouldnt have missed the contest.如果我没有搭错车，我就不会不参加竞赛。（3）与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：从句：过去时/should /were to +动词原形主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。如if i had enough money next month, i would buy a copy of “the advanced learners dictionary of current english”.如果我下个月有足够的钱，我就会买一本现代高级英语学习词典。（4）混合时间条件句：主句和从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。如if i had learned french, i would be able to interpret for our french friend.假如我以前学过法语，现在就能给我们的法国朋友当翻译。（注：if从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；而主句与现在事实相反，用would+动词原形。）（5）含蓄条件句：有时假设的条件不通过条件从句来表示而含蓄在介词短语或上下文中。如：without the warmth and light of the sun, the earths vegetation would die almost immediately.没有太阳的热量和光，地球上的植物几乎会马上死去。2、虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用：（1）用于suggest, order, insist, demand等动词后的宾语从句，如we suggested that they (should)make a trip to hong kong next year.我建议他们明年去香港旅游。（2）用于wish后的宾语从句与现在事实相反的愿望句型：主语+wish+从句（主语+过去时）i wish i were you.但愿我是你多好呀。how i wish it wasnt raining!现在要是不下雨该多好啊！ （我多么希望现在不下雨。）与过去事实相反的愿望句型：主语+wish+从句（主语+过去完成时）i wish i had learned more.我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！he wishes he hadnt made the big mistake.他要是不犯那个大错误该多好啊！与将来的愿望相反（愿望难以实现）句型：主语+wish+从句（主语+过去将来时）the last chance has been lost. how he wishes he could have another chance.最后一次机会失去了，他多么希望他能再有一次机会啊！（3）用于as if (as though)引导的从句在as if (as though)引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况，它们所引导的表示虚拟性比喻或方式的状语从句要用虚拟语气。动词形式和wish后面的从句中动词形式变化相同。he speakes english as if he were an englishman.他说起英语好象他是个英国人似的。they talked about the city as if (though) they had been there before.他们谈论那座城市，就好像他们以前去过那儿似的。he stood up as if (though) he would speak.他站起来好像要发言似的。注意：当as if (though)引导的从句用于动词seem, appear, look, sound, smell等后面时，as if (though)从句的谓语有时依句意需要，也可用陈述语气，表示说话者认为有可能是事实的事。试比较：it seems as if she knew me.好像他早就认识我似的。 （事实上他不认识我。）it seems as if she knows me.好像他认识我。 （事实上他认识我的可能性很大。）（4）用于in order that ,so that引导的目的状语从句。如the professor spoke slowly in reder that the listeners could