外研社高英语必修1语法总结.docx

一、一般现在时 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征、状态。当主语是非第三人称单 数时，行为动词要发生相应的变化。 一般现在时的用法及特点: 1）、表示经常或者反复发生的动作. 如: 我每天吃午饭. i have lunch every day. 2）、还表示现在存在的一种状态. 如：我姐姐是一位老师my sister is a teacher. 3）、客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：the earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。4）、一般现在时态经常与 often（经常）sometimes（有时）always（总是）usually（通常） 等频率词连用，也经常与every day（每天）, every week（每周）, every month（每月）, every term（每学期）, every year（每年）, once a week （一周一次），twice a year（一年两次）等 表示时间的词连用。 5)、第三人称单数问题 一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，即常在动词原形后加-s 或-es。 1、当主语不是第三人称单数时，结构是： 肯定句 : 主语行为动词原形其他 we speak chinese. 否定句: 主语dont行为动词原形其他 we dont speak chinese. 一般疑问句：do主语行为动词原形其他？ do you speak chinese? 肯定回答：yes，主语do yes, we do. 否定回答： no，主语dont no, we dont. 2、当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词不能用原形了，而是要相应的变化，其变化规则是： 动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。 1）、大多数动词在词尾加s在清辅音后发音为s，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 z。如： stopstops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; playplays z 2）、以辅音字母加y结尾的，要先将y变为i，然后在加es读iz 如： flyflies z； carrycarries z studystudies z; worryworries 3）、以s, x, ch, sh结尾的，在词尾加es，发音为iz 如： teachteaches iz; watchwatches iz 4）、以o结尾的动词，加es，读z 如： gogoes z dodoes z 其结构是： 肯定句：主语+动词的第三人称单数+其他 he speaks english. 否定句：主语+doesnt+动词原形+其他 he doesnt speak english. 一般疑问句：does +主语+动词原形+其他? does he speak english? 肯定回答： yes，主语does. yes, he does. 否定回答： no，主语doesnt. no, he doesnt. 练习题： work watch clean write teach wash play read do fly study go drink cry have sit swim make run carry leave arrive jump come speak wear walk buy help pack take talk tell know look love live eat want say 1. he_ tv every evening. (watch) 2. we always _ to school on foot. (go) 3. tom, with his classmates, often _ football after school. (play) 4. your shoes _ under the bed. (be) 5. _ here and _ by me. (come, stand) 6. his uncle usually _ to work by bus. (go) 7. i always _ up at six in the morning.(get) 8. john _ like his father. (look) 布莱克太太经常在英语上帮助我们。 mrs. black often _ us _ our english . 用词的适当形式填空。 1.what time_ his father_(do) the work? 2.he _(get) up at five oclock. 3._you_(brush) your teeth every morning. 4.what _ ( do ) he usually _( do ) after school? 5.tom _ ( study ) english, chinese, maths, science and art at school. 6. kitty sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister. 7.at eight at night, she _( watch ) tv with her parents. 8._mike_( read ) english every day? 9.how many lessons_ your classmates_( have ) on monday? 10.we often_ ( play ) football in the playground. 三选择 ( ) 1. _ you have a book? a. do b. are c. is d. have ( )2. they _ on a farm. a. working b. is work c. work d. is worked ( ) 3. does peter like to watch tv?_. a. yes, he like b. no, he doesnt c. yes, hed like d. no, he likes ( )4. she doesnt _ her homework in the afternoon. a. doing b. to do c. does d. do ( )5. how _ mr. brown _ to america? a. do,go b. is,go c. does,go d. does,goes ( )6. wheres my camera? i_ it. a. am not finding b. am not seeing c. cant find d. cant look at ( )7. how_ he go to work? he _ to work by bike. a. does ;go b. do;goes c. do ;go d. does;goes ( )8. _ you usually late for school? no, _. a. do ; i am b. does ;not c. are ; im not d. are ; i arent ( )9. _ she _ home at six every day? a. is , leave b. does , leave c. is , leaves d. does , left ( )10. mr. yang _ english this term. a. teaches our b. teaches us c. teachs us d. teach our 填空题1.let him _(play)basketball. 2.everyone_(know)what he really like. 3.tose girls_(be)my sister. 4.that girl_(call)me evety sunday. 5.how_(do)she_(spell)the word? 用括号里面的词的适当形式填空 1. the desk _(have)four legs. 2. she _ (do) her homework every day. 3. this problem is easy, _ (say) ann. 4. he _ (live) in shijiazhuang. 5. he _ (need) a pair of shoes. 6. does danny_ (see) the apple tree? 7. she_ (come) from america. 8. the girl _ (look) out of the window and sees many birds in the sky. 9. jenny runs home and_ (sit) on the chair. 10. the train_ (leave) at 10:13 in the morning. 11. that hat _ (look) like a cat. 12. danny _ (hurt) his nose. 13. danny_ (fall) and breaks his tail. 14. danny and her mother sometimes _ (go) for a walk after supper. 15. my mother _ (walk) to the office every day. 5)、用括号里所给词的适当形式，写出下列句子的否定句。 1.the desk _ _ (have)four legs. 2. she _ _ (do) her homework every day. 3. danny_ _ (fall) and breaks his tail. 4. he _ _ (live) in shijiazhuang. 5. he _ _ (need) a pair of shoes. 6. danny_ _ (see) the apple tree. 7. she_ _ (come) from america. 8. my mother and father_ _ (walk) to the office every day. 9. danny and her mother sometimes _ _ (go) for a walk after supper. 10. the train_ _ (leave) at 10:13 am. 11. that hat _ _ (look) like a cat. 12. danny _ _ (hurt) his nose. 二、现在进行时 现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是现在，动作目前的状态是正在进行中。所谓正在进 行中，是指在说话时动作正在进行中。 现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+v.ing现在分词形式 第一人称单数 i+am+doing+sth. 第一人称复数 we+are+doing +sth. 第二人称单(复)数 you+are+doing+sth. 第三人称单数 he（she，it）+is+doing+sth. 第三人称复数 they+are+doing +sth. 肯定句:主语+be（is/am/are）+现在分词 否定句：主语+be（is/am/are）+not+现在分词 一般疑问句:be（is/am/are）+主语+现在分词 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+相应be 动词+主语+现在分词+sth? 变化规则 1.直接+ ing(例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting) 3.重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母+ing(例：sitsitting beginning, getting,putting run - running stop - stopping cut - cutting control - controlling 4.特殊变化：die-dying,lie-lying，tie-tying 现在进行时的基本用法： a 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 例：we are waiting for you. b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正 在进行。 例：mr. green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的 状态。) 例：she is learning piano under mr. smith. c.已经确定或安排好的将来活动， 表示将要发生的动作，一般跟时间状语，表明动作发生的时间。常见的动词有：come、go、begin、leave、start 等短暂性动词。 im leaving for a trek in nepal next week.（已经安排了） were flying to paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了）d、现在进行时可与always constantly continually等副词连用，表示一种感情色彩。she is always singing in her room.她老是在她房间里唱歌（厌 恶的感情。 可用来表示现在进行时的时间状语，常用的有：now, this week, at this moment 等；或者告 诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用look, listen 提醒听者注意正在发生的事。 例如： they are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。 listen! she is singing an english song.听，她正在唱英语歌。 look at the picture. the children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图那些孩子正在公园放风 筝。 we are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 its 6:30 now. i am getting up. 现在是6：30.我正在起床。 i. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空： 1. my parents _ _（watch）tv now. 2. look. three boys _（run）. 3. what _ _ your mother _（do）now? 4. are_ your dog _ _ now?（sleep） 5. _ you _ _ _（listen）to music? yes, i am. 6. look, miss chen _ _ football.（play） 7. tom and his sister _ _（wait）for you over there. 8. now class 3 and class 4_ _ _（have）a test. 9. listen, someone _ _（sing）in the classroom. 10.where is zhang yan? she _ _（talk）with her teacher in the teachers office. ii. 选择填空： （ ）1. who _ over there now? a. singing b. are sing c. is singing （ ）2. its nine ten. the students _ a music class. a. have b. having c. are having （ ）3. listen! the boy _. a. crying b. is crying c. cries （ ）4. dont talk here. grandparents _. a. sleep b. is sleeping c. are sleeping （ ）5. is the man _ tea or milk? a. drinks b. drink c. drinking iii. 按要求进行句型转换： 1. look! lily is dancing.（改为一般疑问句） _ _ _ 2. kate is looking for her watch.（改为否定句） _ 3. mrs white is watching tv.（对划线部分提问） _ mrs white _ 4. i am doing homework.（改为否定句） _ 5. they are waiting for you at the library.（就划线部分提问） _ _they_ iv. 根据中文提示完成句子： 1. 小花不是在写作业，她在画画。 xiao hua _ _ homework _ pictures. 2. 今天李老师穿着一件红色的连衣裙。 miss li _ _ a red dress today. 3. 你爷爷在看报纸吗？ _ _ your grandpa _ _ the newspaper? 4. tom 和jim 在做什么？ _what _ tom and jim _ _? 5. 他们是在打篮球还是在打排球？ _ _ they _ _ basketball _ _ volleyball? 6. 孩子们在干什么？他们在唱歌、跳舞。 _the children _? they _ _ _ _ and _. 7. 你喜欢跑步吗？不。 _ you _like _ _ ? no, i_ _. v. 改错： 1. people like swim in summer.（ ） _ _ 2. he is go to the park with his mom. （ ） _ 3. are you listen to me?（ ） _ 4. i am not writing a letter.（ ） _ 5. does she still helping li ling?（ ） _ vi. 将下列句子译成英语： 1. 在这张照片中，我的小弟弟在吃冰淇淋。 _ 2. 你在等谁？ _ 3. 现在，他们在打篮球吗？ _ 4. 我正在打扫教室。 _ 5. 那个男孩不是在弹吉它。 _ 三、一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、 行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定形式was/were+not; 一般疑问句was/were+主语+其他。在行为动词前加 didnt，同时还原行为动词；一般疑问 句did+主语+do+其他。 1 be 动词的一般过去时态. 在没有实义动词的句子中使用be 动词， am/ is 的过去式为was; are 的过去 式为were. 构成：肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语 如：i was late yesterday. （昨天我迟到了。） 否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语 如：we werent late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到) 疑问句：was (were) +主语+表语 如： were you ill yesterday? （你昨天病了吗？） 肯定回答： yes, i was. (是的， 我病了。) 否定句： no, i wasnt. (不，我没病。) 特殊疑问句： 特殊 疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语 如：when were you born? 你是什么时候出 生的？ 2 实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否 定句和疑问句要使用助动词 do 和 does 的过去式 did. 肯定句为：主语+动 词过去式+宾语 如： i went home at nine oclock yesterday.（我昨天九点钟回 的家。） 否定句：主语+didnt +动词原形+宾语 如：i didnt go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家。) 疑问句：did +主语+动词原形+宾语 如： did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗？) 肯定回答： yes, i did. (是 的，我回了。) 否定回答：no, i didnt. (不，我没回家。) 3 助动词和 情态动词过去式如下： shallshould （将要）用于第一人称单数 willwould（将要）用于所有人称 cancould（能，会） maymight（可 以） mustmust （必须） have tohad to（不得不） 助动词和情态 动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。 如： i had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。) 时间状语:ago（two hours ago（一段时间+ago）, yesterday(句子开头或结尾）, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month), 具体时间（如jan.fourth), just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), and so on,this morning.long long ago. 动词变化规则 规则变化： 1.直接加ed：work worked looklooked playplayed, 2.以e 结尾的单词，直接加d：live lived hopehoped useused, 3 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变y 为i 加ed：study studied carrycarried worryworried, 4以元 音字母+y 结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy enjoyed 5 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的 辅音字母+ed： stop stopped planplanned 口诀 一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。 动词要用过去式，时间状语句 末站。 否定句很简单，didnt 站在动词原形前，其它部分不要变。 一般疑问句也 好变，did 放在句子前，主语、动原、其它部分依次站。 特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加 一般疑问句记心间。 最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。 练习题： 一、句型转换 1. the children had a good time in the park. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 对划线部分提问：_ 2. there were about nine hundred people at the concert. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 对划线部分提问：_ 3. ann did her homework yesterday evening. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 对划线部分提问：_ 4. last week i read an english book. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_ 对划线部分提问：_ 5. my brother was in the park just now. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 对划线部分提问：_ 二、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式 go _ _ enjoy _ _ buy _ _ eat _ _ get _ _ walk _ _ take _ _ dance _ _ write _ _ run _ _ swim _ _ find _ _ begin _ _ eat _ _ play _ _ study _ _ 三、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. tom and mary _ (come) to china last month. 2. mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last nig