《XML解析器》word版.doc

XML解析器接口缩略语XML eXtensible Markup Language 可扩展的置标语言DOM Document Object Model，文档对象模型SAX Simple API for XML，简单的XML APIJAXP Java API for XML Processing XML的Java接口DTD Document Type Definition，文档对象定义XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language，可扩展样式语言可扩展标记语言XML(eXtensible Markup Language)是标准通用标记语言SGML的子集，是互联网上交换数据的标准。XML文件包含了数据对象和处理这些数据对象的程序的描述。XML文件在被浏览器显示出来或其他应用程序使用之前，经过了以下几个步骤：解析、样式表格式化、转换、数据库访问等。XML解析器完成第一步工作，它读取XML文件，生成语法树，审查文档结构，将结果传给应用程序。XML解析器可以是验证解析器，用以检查文件是否有效，也可以是非验证解析器，仅为结构良好的文件进行检查。应用程序可使用C、Java或Jscript、VBscript、ASP等脚本语言，通过解析器接口对XML文件中的元素、属性、实体和标记进行操作。常见的XML解析器：1. MSXML，微软的XML解析器，与W3C规范不完全兼容。2. Xerces，开放源码组织提供，实现Xerces本地接口XNI，支持的标准有：XML1.0、XML命名空间、DOM2（Core, Events, and Traversal and Range)、SAX2（Core, and Extension）、JAXP1.1、XML Schema 1.0（Structures and Datatypes）。Xerces有3个版本，分别用C+、java和perl实现。应用程序可以链接Xerces库，调用其接口访问XML文档。3 XML4j、XML4c，IBM对Xerces的扩展。XML4j的API分为3类：Public：包括DOM1、DOM2接口，SAX1、SAX2接口Experimental：包括DOM3接口Internal：内部接口DOM接口：整个XML文档被视为具有层次关系的节点树，所有的非根节点都是以一个根节点为祖先遗传下来。例如这段文件， Shady Grove Aeolian Over the River, Charlie Dorian DOM将其看作下面这棵树，当然“树“的观念只是逻辑上的，协议的实现可以采用各种方式。对树进行深度优先前序遍历即可重现文档。DOM中每一种节点类型都有一个相应的接口。DOM的节点类型有：Document、Element、Attr、Text、CDATASection、EntityReference、Entity、ProcessingInstruction、Comment、DocumentType、DocumentFragment、Notation。节点的包容关系：DocumentElement, ProcessingInstruction, Comment, DocumentTypeElementElement, Text, Comment, ProcessingInstruction, CDATASection, EntityReferenceAttrText, EntityReferenceTextCDATASectionEntityReferenceElement, ProcessingInstruction, Comment, Text, CDATASection, EntityReferenceEntityElement, ProcessingInstruction, Comment, Text, CDATASection, EntityReferenceProcessinfInstructionCommentDocumentTypeDocumentFragmentElement, ProcessingInstruction, Comment, Text, CDATASection, EntityReferenceNotationDOM1由两部分组成：Core DOM和HTML DOM。Core DOM进一步被划分为基础接口和扩展接口，所有解析器都必须实现基础接口，如果只对HTML文档进行操作，则不需要实现扩展接口。HTML DOM对HTML文档所特有的对象和方法进行描述，可参见相关规范，此处不详述。基础接口：DOMException接口：exception DOMException unsigned short code;/ ExceptionCodeconst unsigned short INDEX_SIZE_ERR = 1;const unsigned short DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR = 2;const unsigned short HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR = 3;const unsigned short WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR = 4;const unsigned short INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR = 5;const unsigned short NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR = 6;const unsigned short NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR = 7;const unsigned short NOT_FOUND_ERR = 8;const unsigned short NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR = 9;const unsigned short INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR = 10;DOMImplementation接口：由用户实现interface DOMImplementation boolean hasFeature(in DOMString feature, in DOMString version);DocumentFragment接口：用于子树移动和插入interface DocumentFragment : Node ;Document接口：interface Document : Node readonly attribute DocumentType doctype; readonly attribute DOMImplementation implementation; readonly attribute Element documentElement; Element createElement(in DOMString tagName) raises(DOMException); DocumentFragment createDocumentFragment(); Text createTextNode(in DOMString data); Comment createComment(in DOMString data); CDATASection createCDATASection(in DOMString data) raises(DOMException); ProcessingInstruction createProcessingInstruction(in DOMString target, in DOMString data) raises(DOMException); Attr createAttribute(in DOMString name) raises(DOMException); EntityReference createEntityReference(in DOMString name) raises(DOMException); NodeList getElementsByTagName(in DOMString tagname);Node接口interface Node / NodeType const unsigned short ELEMENT_NODE = 1; const unsigned short ATTRIBUTE_NODE = 2; const unsigned short TEXT_NODE = 3; const unsigned short CDATA_SECTION_NODE = 4; const unsigned short ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE = 5; const unsigned short ENTITY_NODE = 6; const unsigned short PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE = 7; const unsigned short COMMENT_NODE = 8; const unsigned short DOCUMENT_NODE = 9; const unsigned short DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE = 10; const unsigned short DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE = 11; const unsigned short NOTATION_NODE = 12; readonly attribute DOMString nodeName; readonly attribute DOMString nodeValue; readonly attribute unsigned short nodeType; readonly attribute Node parentNode; readonly attribute NodeList childNodes; readonly attribute Node firstChild; readonly attribute Node lastChild; readonly attribute Node previousSibling; readonly attribute Node nextSibling; readonly attribute NamedNodeMap attributes; readonly attribute Document ownerDocument; Node insertBefore(in Node newChild, in Node refChild) raises(DOMException); Node replaceChild(in Node newChild, in Node oldChild) raises(DOMException); Node removeChild(in Node oldChild) raises(DOMException); Node appendChild(in Node newChild) raises(DOMException); boolean hasChildNodes(); Node cloneNode(in boolean deep);NodeList接口：interface NodeList Node item(in unsigned long index); readonly attribute unsigned long length;NamedNodeMap接口：interface NamedNodeMap Node getNamedItem(in DOMString name); Node setNamedItem(in Node arg) raises(DOMException); Node removeNamedItem(in DOMString name) raises(DOMException); Node item(in unsigned long index); readonly attribute unsigned long length;Attr接口：interface Attr : Node readonly attribute DOMString name; readonly attribute boolean specified; attribute DOMString value;Element接口：interface Element : Node readonly attribute DOMString tagName; DOMString getAttribute(in DOMString name); void setAttribute(in DOMString name, in DOMString value) raises(DOMException); void removeAttribute(in DOMString name) raises(DOMException); Attr getAttributeNode(in DOMString name); Attr setAttributeNode(in Attr newAttr) raises(DOMException); Attr removeAttributeNode(in Attr oldAttr) raises(DOMException); NodeList getElementsByTagName(in DOMString name); void normalize();CharacterData接口：interface CharacterData : Node attribute DOMString data; readonly attribute unsigned long length; DOMString substringData(in unsigned long offset, in unsigned long count) raises(DOMException); void appendData(in DOMString arg) raises(DOMException); void insertData(in unsigned long offset, in DOMString arg) raises(DOMException); void deleteData(in unsigned long offset, in unsigned long count) raises(DOMException); void replaceData(in unsigned long offset, in unsigned long count, in DOMString arg) raises(DOMException);Text接口：interface Text : CharacterData Text splitText(in unsigned long offset) raises(DOMException);Comment接口：interface Comment : CharacterData ;扩展接口：CDATASection接口：标记以定界的CDATA段interface CDATASection : Text ;DocumentType接口：interface DocumentType : Node readonly attribute DOMString name; readonly attribute NamedNodeMap entities; readonly attribute NamedNodeMap notations;Node接口：interface Notation : Node readonly attribute DOMString publicId; readonly attribute DOMString systemId;Entity接口：interface Entity : Node readonly attribute DOMString publicId; readonly attribute DOMString systemId; readonly attribute DOMString notationName;EntityReference接口：interface EntityReference : Node ;ProcessingInstruction接口：interface ProcessingInstruction : Node readonly attribute DOMString target; attribute DOMString data;DOM2包括核心规范和遍历与漫游规范。DOM3包括核心规范和抽象机制与存取规范。DOM2和DOM3的核心规范基本保持DOM1的接口结构，增加了命名空间（namespace）概念，并对少数接口的属性和方法做了增删和修改。module dom valuetype DOMString sequence; typedef unsigned long long DOMTimeStamp; typedef Object DOMUserData; typedef Object DOMObject; interface DOMImplementation; interface DocumentType; interface Document; interface NodeList; interface NamedNodeMap; interface UserDataHandler; interface Element; interface DOMLocator; exception DOMException unsigned short code; ; / ExceptionCode const unsigned short INDEX_SIZE_ERR = 1; const unsigned short DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR = 2; const unsigned short HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR = 3; const unsigned short WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR = 4; const unsigned short INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR= 5; const unsigned short NO_DATA_ALLOWED_ERR = 6; const unsigned short NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR = 7; const unsigned short NOT_FOUND_ERR = 8; const unsigned short NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR = 9; const unsigned short INUSE_ATTRIBUTE_ERR = 10; / Introduced in DOM Level 2: const unsigned short INVALID_STATE_ERR = 11; / Introduced in DOM Level 2: const unsigned short SYNTAX_ERR = 12; / Introduced in DOM Level 2: const unsigned short INVALID_MODIFICATION_ERR = 13; / Introduced in DOM Level 2: const unsigned short NAMESPACE_ERR = 14; / Introduced in DOM Level 2: const unsigned short INVALID_ACCESS_ERR = 15; / Introduced in DOM Level 3: const unsigned short VALIDATION_ERR = 16; interface DOMImplementationSource DOMImplementation getDOMImplementation(in DOMString features); ; interface DOMImplementation boolean hasFeature(in DOMString feature, in DOMString version); / Introduced in DOM Level 2: DocumentType createDocumentType(in DOMString qualifiedName, in DOMString publicId, in DOMString systemId) raises(DOMException); / Introduced in DOM Level 2: Document createDocument(in DOMString namespaceURI, in DOMString qualifiedName, in DocumentType doctype) raises(DOMException); / Introduced in DOM Level 3: DOMImplementation getInterface(in DOMString feature); ; interface Node / NodeType const unsigned short ELEMENT_NODE = 1; const unsigned short ATTRIBUTE_NODE = 2; const unsigned short TEXT_NODE = 3; const unsigned short CDATA_SECTION_NODE = 4; const unsigned short ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE = 5; const unsigned short ENTITY_NODE = 6; const unsigned short PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE = 7; const unsigned short COMMENT_NODE = 8; const unsigned short DOCUMENT_NODE = 9; const unsigned short DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE = 10; const unsigned short DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE = 11; const unsigned short NOTATION_NODE = 12; readonly attribute DOMString nodeName; attribute DOMString nodeValue; readonly attribute unsigned short nodeType; readonly attribute Node parentNode; readonly attribute NodeList childNodes; readonly attribute Node firstChild; readonly attribute Node lastChild; readonly attribute Node previousSibling; readonly attribute Node nextSibling; readonly attribute NamedNodeMap attributes; / Modified in DOM Level 2: readonly attribute Document ownerDocument; / Modified in DOM Level 3: Node insertBefore(in Node newChild, in Node refChild) raises(DOMException); / Modified in DOM Level 3: Node replaceChild(in Node newChild, in Node oldChild) raises(DOMException); / Modified in DOM Level 3: Node removeChild(in Node oldChild) raises(DOMException); Node appendChild(in Node newChild) raises(DOMException); boolean hasChildNodes(); Node cloneNode(in boolean deep); / Modified in DOM Level 2: void normalize(); / Introduced in DOM Level 2: boolean isSupported(in DOMString feature, in DOMString version); / Introduced in DOM Level 2: readonly attribute DOMString namespaceURI; / Introduced in DOM Level 2: attribute DOMString prefix; / Introduced in DOM Level 2: readonly attribute DOMString localName; / Introduced in DOM Level 2: boolean hasAttributes(); / Introduced in DOM Level 3: readonly attribute DOMString baseURI; / TreePosition const unsigned short TREE_POSITION_PRECEDING = 0x01; const unsigned short TREE_POSITION_FOLLOWING = 0x02; const unsigned short TREE_POSITION_ANCESTOR = 0x04; const unsigned short TREE_POSITION_DESCENDANT = 0x08; const unsigned short TREE_POSITION_EQUIVALENT = 0x10; const unsigned short TREE_POSITION_SAME_NODE = 0x20; const unsigned short TREE_POSITION_DISCONNECTED = 0x00; / Introduced in DOM Level 3: unsigned short compareTreePosition(in Node other); / Introduced in DOM Level 3: attribute DOMString textContent; / Introduced in DOM Level 3: boolean isSameNode(in Node other); / Introduced in DOM Level 3: DOMString lookupNamespacePrefix(in DOMString namespaceURI, in boolean useDefault); / Introduced in DOM Level 3: boolean isDefaultNamespace(in DOMString namespaceURI); / Introduced in DOM Level 3: DOMString lookupNamespaceURI(in DOMString prefix); / Introduced in DOM Level 3: boolean isEqualNode(in Node arg); / Introduced in DOM Level 3: Node getInterface(in DOMString feature); / Introduced in DOM Level 3: DOMUserData setUserData(in DOMString key, in DOMUserData data, in UserDataHandler handler); / Introduced in DOM Level 3: DOMUserData getUserData(in DOMString key); ; interface NodeList Node item(in unsigned long index); readonly attribute unsigned long length; ; interface NamedNodeMap Node getNamedItem(in DOMString name); Node setNamedItem(in Node arg) raises(DOMException); Node removeNamedItem(in DOMString name) raises(DOMException); Node item(in unsigned long index); readonly attribute unsigned long length; / Introduced in DOM Level 2: Node getNamedItem