高考英语二轮复习 考前三个月 专题四 语法填空课件

专题四专题四 语法填空语法填空 技法剖析 授之以渔 精研真题 模拟演练 栏目 索引 此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主 要有两种：一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出 词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这 一点是很重要的。 一 已给单词提示题型的技巧 技法剖析 授之以渔 技巧一 名词形式变化 名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。 Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. (2016全国) 典例1 分析：根据本句的谓语动词show可知，主语应该是复数形式，因此 应填studies。 分析 技巧二 动词形式变化 动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的 变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。 The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world.(2016四川) 典例2 分析：考查时态和语态。本句是对客观事实的陈述，应用一般现在 时；而panda与love之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填is loved 。 分析 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. (2016全国) 典例3 分析：考查主谓一致和时态。句子的主语是动名词，动名词作主语时 ，谓语动词用单数形式，并且这里说的是一个事实，故答案为is。 分析 技巧三 代词形式变化 代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主 格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个 不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none，other/another等。 On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by (it) mother. (2016全国 ) 典例4 分析：by是介词，其后的宾语mother缺少定语，应该用代词it的所 有格形式，故答案为its。 分析 技巧四 形容词、副词比较级、最高级变化 英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变 化。构成比较级和最高级的方式：通过加后缀er 和est ，或在词前加 more/less和most/least，且形容词的最高级前通常要加the。 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of (great) and less importance. (2016全国) 典例5 分析：考查形容词的比较级。根据and之后的less可知此处应填 greater与之并列，故答案为greater。 分析 技巧五 数词形式变化 数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀teen 、ty 的变化，甚至 还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式 once/twice等。 It was the poor of New Orleans，nearly a (three) of the population，who lived in the lowestlying parts of the city and suffered most from hurricanes. 典例6 分析：提示词是基数词three，而不定冠词之后要跟序数词，因此 填third。 分析 技巧六 词的派生 词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、 动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、 前后缀、派生词的掌握。 Chinese scientists (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. (2016四川) 典例7 分析：本句中应用副词修饰动词had，故答案为recently。 分析 Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of (achieve). (2016全国 ) 典例8 分析：此处是固定表达a sense of achievement “成就感”，故答案 为achievement。 分析 这类题目主要考查代词、名词、冠词、介词、助动词、情态动词、并列 连词、从句的引导词、特殊句式等。 二 未给单词提示题型的技巧 技巧七 固定搭配 根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语， 通常是考查包含冠词、介词的固定搭配。 .while one is being bottlefed ， other is with mumshe never suspects. (2016全国) 典例9 分析：考查冠词。此处是固定表达one.the other.“一个另外 一个”。 分析 . the same time，they warm up again for the night. (2015全国) 典例10 分析：考查包含介词的固定搭配at the same time“与此同时”。 分析 技巧八 从句引导词 从句是此题型最为常见的一个考查方向，主要检测学生对各类从句的 辨识能力。对引导词的掌握程度，需要学生扎实掌握句子结构知识。 it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. (2016四川) 典例11 分析：考查状语从句的引导词。根据句意“当它哭泣的时候/如果 它哭了，她会来回摇晃它，轻轻拍打，给它安慰。”可知此处可填 when/if。 分析 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s ， I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. (2016全国) 典例12 分析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处是非限制性定语从句，the mid1980s 是先行词，表示时间，从句中缺状语，故答案为when。 分析 Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. (2015全国) 典例13 分析：考查定语从句的引导词。句子的先行词是the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，指物，且在定语从 句中作主语，故可填that/which。 分析 技巧九 连词、关联短语结构 常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有 both.and，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also等。 So，get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch. (2016全国) 典例14 分析：考查连词。此处是固定结构as.as possible“尽可能” 。 分析 It was time for her to have a new baby， it was also time for the young panda to be independent. (2016四川 ) 典例15 分析：考查连词。根据句意“是她再生一个孩子的时候了，也是小 熊猫该独立的时候了”可知，前后句之间是并列关系，故答案为and 。 分析 技巧十 常用的副词 被考查的常见副词比较多，如：besides，however，never，yet， much，therefore，moreover，furthermore等，这类题目要求学生 准确理解句意，理解句与句之间的语义关系，最终做出准确判断。 The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the Earth. ， there is only a tiny amount of water. 典例16 分析：根据句意“问题是金星上比地球上热得多。而且，金星上只 有少量的水。”可知上下句之间是递进关系，因此可填 Besides/Moreover/Furthermore。 分析 技巧十一 助动词/情态动词。 如果句子的结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下 文时态不一致或者主谓不一致时，往往是填情态动词或者表示倒装 的助动词do，does，did等。如果是一般疑问句，往往考虑填助动词 am，is，are，do，does，did，have，has，had等。 Then the driver stood up and asked，“ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” (2014新课标全国 ) 典例17 分析：这是一个一般疑问句，lose是发生在过去的动作，应该填Did。 分析 技巧十二 特殊句式。 主要体现在对于强调句、感叹句、省略句以及it的用法等方面的 考查。 was when all the students had a cup of coffee in hand that he said. 典例18 分析：考查强调句型It is/was.that.。应该填It。 分析返回 A (2016全国) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asias biggest building ，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top 61. (attract). 精研真题 模拟演练 真题演练(一) 精研高考真题，寻找解题规律 61.解析 考查词性转换之动词变为名词。空格前有形容词和物主代词 ，因此要用名词形式。 attraction 答案解析 So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I 62._ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 63._ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 64. my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, 65. I was the first Western TV reporter 66. (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 62.解析 考查时态和语态。根据语境及allow sb.to do sth.这一用法可知 ，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。 63.解析 考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。修饰谓语动词应当用副词。 64.解析 考查介词。go back to为固定短语，意为“回到，追溯到”。 was allowed officially to whenpermitted 答案解析 65.解析 考查从属连词。由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句，先行 词是表示时间的the mid1980s ，且从句中缺少状语，故用关系副词when。 66.解析 考查非谓语动词之过去分词。因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此 处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter之间为逻辑上的动宾关系， 所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。 My ambassadorial duties will include 67. (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit，I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by 68. (it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few 69. (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, 70. other is with mumshe never suspects. 67.解析 考查动名词。由句子结构可知，introduce作谓语动词include 的宾语，而include后需跟动名词作宾语。 introducing its days the 68.解析 考查代词。根据空格后的名词及上文中的a lively threemonth old twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。 69.解析 考查名词复数。few用来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。 every few days每隔几天。 70.解析 考查冠词。由上文中的关键词twin，one可知这里考查 one.the other.(一个另一个)的用法。故答案为the。 答案解析 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的成都之旅及其与大熊猫之间 的故事。 语篇解读 B (2016全国) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 61. (great) and less importance. Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 62. (achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63. (be) often acceptable. greater achievement is 答案解析 61.解析 考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的and less可知，此处也要用 比较级形式。 62.解析 考查名词的用法。固定表达a sense of achievement“成就感” 。 63.解析 考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the less.，动名词作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客 观事实，故要用is。 Most of us are more focused 64. our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So，get an early start and try to be as productive 65._ possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 66. (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67. (regular).Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68. while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy. 64.解析 考查介词的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力 更集中。固定短语be focused on“专心于，集中于”。 65.解析 考查固定表达。正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以 我们早点儿开始，在午餐前尽可能高效。固定表达as.as possible尽可 能。 答案解析 on as studies regularly a 66.解析 考查名词的复数。根据后面的谓语动词show可知，主语应该 是复数形式。 67.解析 考查副词的用法。如果我们定期休息的话。此处修饰动词短 语take short breaks，故要用副词形式。 68.解析 考查不定冠词的用法。让你的身体和思想休息一会儿。固定 表达for a while“一会儿”。 If you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely 69. (bring) your work home.It could be anything gardening，cooking，music，sportsbut whatever it is,70. (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 69.解析 考查不定式的用法。固定表达be likely to do.很可能做某事。 70.解析 考查祈使句。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，故谓语要 用动词原形。 答案解析 to bring make 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是当我们在工作中感到压力巨大 时，应该如何合理释放这些压力。内容涉及处理最重要的事情，上 午多做工作，工作期间定期休息等。 语篇解读 C (2016全国) In much of Asia，especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea,61. Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long，thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic，animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 62._ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63. (create) special designs. 61.解析 考查连词。China，Japan，Korea，Vietnam是并列关系。62.解析 考查语态。根据句意筷子是被制造的。63.解析 考查动词不定式作目的状语。 答案解析 and be made to create The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots,64. (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.Over time,65. the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66. (gradual) turned into chopsticks. using as/when gradually 答案解析 64.解析 考查现在分词作状语。 65.解析 考查连词。as/when“当时，随着”。 66.解析 此处应用副词修饰动词。 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,67._ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the 68._ (develop) of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 69. (be) too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example ，most people traditionally eat 70. their hands. 67.解析 考查定语从句的引导词。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指 人，故用who。 68.解析 此处应用名词作动词的宾语。 69.解析 考查时态和动词的数。此处were是与would remind 并列的谓 语动词。 who development were with 70.解析 考查介词。固定短语：with ones hands 用某人的手。 答案解析 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚洲一些国家中的吃饭工具 筷子。 语篇解读 D (2015全国) Yangshuo，China It was raining lightly when I 61. (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours 62. ，Id been at home in Hong Kong，with 63. (it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain. 答案解析 arrived before/earlier its 61.解析 考查时态。本句考查be doing.when.结构，由was raining 可 知，此处填arrive的过去式arrived。 62.解析 考查副词。根据句意和Id been at home的时态可知此处表示 “几个小时前，我待在香港的家里”，“待在家里”应该是发生在过去 动作arrived之前，故此处填before或earlier均可。 63.解析 考查代词。choking smog为名词短语，其前需用it的形容词物 主代词its作定语。 Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64. _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65. (painting).Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away 66. car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city. 答案解析 that/which paintings by 64.解析 考查关系代词。所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，指代物，并 在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 65.解析 考查名词的单复数。由本句中的so many可知，此处需填 painting的复数形式paintings。 66.解析 考查介词。“by表示交通工具的名词”表示“乘坐某种交 通工具”。 Yangshuo 67. (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers 68._ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it 69. (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70. (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. isconducted regularly living 67.解析 考查主谓一致和时态。根据后文的时态可知这里使用一般现在 时，介绍客观情况，又因为Yangshuo是第三人称单数，所以这里使用is 。 68.解析 考查非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，且由本句 中的by可知，此处用动词的过去分词作后置定语。 69.解析 考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。修饰动词arranges需用 regular的副词形式。 70.解析 考查非谓语动词。people和live是逻辑上的主动关系，故此处用 现在分词形式作后置定语，表示“住在上海和香港的人”。 答案解析 本文是一篇游记，记述了作者游览阳朔的所见、所闻、所感。 语篇解读 A When shoes are made to fit your feet and nobody elses，they are called bespoke shoes. There are now only five companies in London which still make 1. (tradition) bespoke mens shoes,2. surprisingly bespoke shoes for women are made in Paris. 模拟演练(一) 模拟演练，集中突破命题点 1.解析 考查词性转换。修饰名词bespoke mens shoes应用tradition 的形容词形式traditional。 2.解析 考查连词。此处用while连接两个句子，表示对比关系。 traditionalwhile 答案解析 Bespoke shoes are made in exactly 3. same way as they were one hundred years ago as the technology is completely 4. (change). It will take three months 5. (make) the first pair of shoes for a customer who must come in for at least three fittings(试穿). 3.解析 考查冠词。此处是固定搭配the same.as.，意为“与一样” 。4.解析 考查词性转换。根据句意可知，制鞋的技术没有任何改变。故 应填unchanged。 5.解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是固定句型It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.，意为“做某事花费时间”。 the unchanged to make 答案解析 The process is as follows：you put your foot 6. a sheet of paper，called a “book”，and the shoemakers draw a line around 7. .Four measurements are taken ：heel to toe，the width at the 8. (wide) point，around the instep，the instep to heel.This is the first fitting.Next，a wooden model of your foot is made，called a “last”.Then，the leather work begins. 6.解析 考查介词。根据句意“把你的脚放在一张纸上”可知，填on。 7.解析 考查代词。根据前文可知，制鞋者沿着脚划线。此处的it指代前文的foot。 8.解析 考查形容词的最高级。根据句意“测量脚的最宽处”可知，应用wide的最高 级。 on it widest 答案解析 The designs，like the process,9. (remain) the same in the last century.It is not that new fashions could not be introduced, 10. that the customers do not want them.They want their shoes to be made as they were one hundred years ago. 9.解析 考查时态。根据句中的in the last century可知，此处应用现在 完成时。 10.解析 考查连词。此处是固定句式not.but.结构。 have remained but 答案解析 B In Greek mythology，the god of craftsmanship，Hephaestus, 11. (order) by the king of the Gods，Zeus，to create the first woman on earth and he did，using water and earth.And Zeus named her Pandora，which meant “allgifted ”. 11.解析 考查时态和语态。根据上下文可知，本句的时态是一般过去时 ，根据空后的by可知应用order的被动语态，因此填was ordered。 was ordered 答案解析 Later on Pandora was sent to the earth to live 12. the rest of mankind. Before she left she was given a box which she was commanded never to open under 13. circumstances.However，being 14. (nature) curious，Pandora， opened the box,15. all the evils of the world such as war，disease，famine and floods escaped and spread over the earth. 14.解析 考查词性转换。此处应用nature的副词形式来修饰形容词curious，故填 naturally。 12.解析 考查介词。句意为：后来潘朵拉被送去和其他的人类生活在一起。live with表示“和一起生活”。 13.解析 考查代词。此处是固定搭配under any circumstances，意为“在任何情况 下”。 15.解析 考查关系副词。此处应填关系词来引导定语从句，先行词为box，从句中缺 少状语，故填where。 with any naturally where 答案解析 Pandora was too 16. (terrify) to see them escaping except only one thing，and finally managed to close the lid.Immediately there was a tiny voice 17. (call) “Let me out”.Frightened 18. she was，Pandora cautiously opened the box in time to see the small object withinHopewing 19. way out into the world.So that was how the earth was filled with evil due to Pandoras 20. (curious). Fortunately，there is HOPE on earth as well. terrified calling as/though its curiosity 16.解析 考查词性转换。too.to.结构中，too应该修饰形容词或者 副词，结合句意可知，应填表示人的感受的形容词terrified。 17.解析 考查非谓语动词。句中voice和call之间是逻辑上的主动关系 ，因此填calling。 18.解析 考查连词。根据句意“尽管她很害怕”，结合句子结构可 知，本句为倒装句，故填as/though。 19.解析 考查代词。此处代替Hope，故用its来修饰名词way。 20.解析 考查词性转换。