高考英语二轮复习 专题7 阅读理解 类型6 生态环保讲练

系统掌握蕴含其中的马克思主义立场观点方法，要在系统学习、深刻领会、科学把握习近平教育思想上下功夫。精心组织开展学习宣传贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神知识问答活动。类型6| 生态环保考查要点方法技巧1.生态环保的现状，造成的影响。2生态环境被破坏的因素，产生的后果。3保护生态环境的措施、步骤。1.理清文章的行文结构，把握主旨大意。2抓住造成生态环境变迁的原因这一主线。3领会作者所透露出的观点态度。(2016北京高考C)California Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condorCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds，with winglength of up to 3 meters.In the 1980s，electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out.Now，electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s，the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖)Since 1992，there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild，and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona，Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night，they just dont see the power lines，” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines，resulting in electrocution (电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.Tall poles，placed in large training areas，teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock.Before the training was introduced，66% of setfree birds died of electrocution.This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead，they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds，and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death.So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo，where they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.This work is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideouts team thinks that the California condors average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now，” he says.“They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”63California condors attract researchers interest because they Aare active at nightBhad to be bred in the wildCare found only in CaliforniaDalmost died out in the 1980s64Researchers have found electrical lines are Ablocking condors journey homeBbig killers of California condorsCrest places for condors at nightDused to keep condors away65According to Paragraph 5，lead poisoning Amakes condors too nervous to flyBhas little effect on condors kidneysCcan hardly be gotten rid of from condors bloodDmakes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds66This passage shows that Athe average survival time of condors is satisfactoryBRideouts research interest lies in electric engineeringCthe efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsDresearchers have found the final answers to the problem语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国加利福尼亚秃鹰由于触电和铅中毒而濒临灭绝，研究人员采取了一些措施来挽救秃鹰，从而使这一种群渐渐恢复了生机。长难句解读：So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo，where they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.分析：本句为复合句。主语部分有with短语作定语，where引导的定语从句修饰前面的Los Angeles Zoo，a chemical为calcium EDTA的同位语，其后是that引导的定语从句。翻译：于是，体内含有高剂量铅的秃鹰被送往洛杉矶动物园。在那里，用一种名为EDTA的钙物质为其治疗，这是一种化学药物，能够在几天时间内清除血液中的铅。63D推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，20世纪80年代，由于触电和铅中毒，加利福尼亚州的秃鹰濒临灭绝，20世纪80年代末，仅剩的几只秃鹰从野外被带回繁殖，由此可推断正是秃鹰濒临灭绝才引起了研究人员的注意和兴趣，故选D项。64B细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，电线一直是使秃鹰丧命的杀手，并且解释原因说，秃鹰晚上休息的时候看不见电线，而它们宽大的翅膀正好同时搭在两根电线上，于是它们立刻就被电死了，故选B项。65D细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，铅中毒影响了秃鹰的神经系统和繁殖能力(affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds)，并且可以导致它们肾衰竭和死亡，故选D项。66C推理判断题。本文主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚秃鹰濒临灭绝以及科研人员为挽救它们而展开的救援和研究工作，且实施的措施有了回报(pay off)，故选C项。A(2016长沙四校模拟)Ecofriendly Car RacerCan you image a car racer is so ecofriendly that its tyres are made from potatoes，its body is created from hemp (大麻)and rapeseed oil and it runs on fuel made from wheat and sugar beet? The oneseater racing car called Eco One is built by experts from Warwick University，who hope that Eco One will be adopted by the automotive industry.It is sold at 41，000.Pollutionsensitive DressDont be caught outside unaware of pollution levels in the air.The pollutionsensitive EPA Dress by Stephanie Sandstrom notices pollution in the air accordingly.This dresswhich is actually quite prettylooks like you pull it from the bottom of the dirty laundry pile when the air is dirty.It might protect your health by advising you to stay indoors for the day，but it wont do you any favor if youre meeting with clients.Ecofriendly UmbrellaTraditional umbrellas come with a fixed surface.Although its changeable，you cannot replace it easily.This ecofriendly design is more flexible.Its actually only an umbrella skeleton without any surface，which can be folded，so you can put anything such as newspapers，plastic bags or whatever you want to serve as the protecting surface.Ecofriendly Moss (苔藓) CarpetIts said that walking on fresh grass increases your blood circulation.The Moss Carpet，created by Nguyen La Chanh，looks at getting the grass to your feet.The mat includes ball moss，island moss and forest moss.The humidity(湿度) of the bathroom makes sure that it grows well.And thats why you need to place it there and not anywhere else.本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四款环保型科技产品。1According to Paragraph 1，we can find Eco One Acan seat one passenger and one driverBis mainly made from some kinds of plantsCcant be afforded by the public at presentDwill take the place of the traditional car industryB推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句可知，Eco One是主要由植物制成的环保型产品，故选B。2Compared with traditional umbrellas, the Ecofriendly Umbrella Ais changeableBcan be foldedChasnt any surfaceDis made of newspapersC细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Traditional umbrellas.Its actually only an umbrella skeleton without any surface，which can be folded”可知答案。3Where does the text probably come from?AA personal blog.BA health report.CAn official document.DA science report.D推理判断题。文中主要介绍了四款环保型科技产品，故可推知其最有可能摘自科技报告。B(2016合肥市第二次教学质检)I dont think I can recall a time when I wasnt aware of the beauty of the ocean.Growing up in Australia，I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side.The first time I went to Halfmoon Bay，I suddenly had the feeling of not being able to feel the ground with my feet anymore.For my 10th birthday，my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef.There were fish in different colors，caves and layers of coral.They made such an impression on me.When I learned that only 1 percent of Australias Coral Sea was protected，I was shocked.Australian marine(海洋的) life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth.But sadly，only 45% of the worlds reefs are considered healthy.This statistic is depressing，so its important for us to do everything to protect them.The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action.Ive become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity，which aims to create the largest marine park in the world.It would serve as a place where the oceans species will all have a safe place forever.Together，Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be part of the movement.Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy，who grew up sailing，admiring the beauty of the ocean，and trying to find the secrets of ocean species.本文旨在号召人们保护海洋生物。4From the underlined sentence in Para.1，we can learn the author Aseldom went surfing at the seaBforgot his experiences about the oceanCnever went back to his hometownDhad a wonderful impression of Halfmoon BayD推理判断题。根据“I dont think I can recall a time when I wasnt aware of the beauty of the ocean”和“I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side”可知，作者非常喜欢海洋，画线句意为“我突然有了一种不想再踏上陆地的感觉”，说明Halfmoon Bay给作者留下了一个美好的印象。故选D。5According to the second paragraph，Australian marine life Ais escaping from the Coral Sea graduallyBdepends on reefs for living greatlyCmay be faced with dangerDis protected better than that in other oceansC推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Australian marine(海洋的)life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth.But sadly，only 45% of the worlds reefs are considered healthy.”可推知，澳大利亚的海洋生物可能处在危险之中。故选C。6Angus and the author create a little video to Aurge more people to take action to protect the marine speciesBinspire more people to explore the secret of the oceanCshare their childhood experiences about the oceanDbring back to people their memory of ocean speciesA细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，他们的目的是鼓励人们参与到保护海洋生物的行动中来。故选A。C(2016沈阳市教学质量检测)In 2013 alone at least 20，000 African elephants were killed for their teeth.In South Africa over the last two years more than 2，200 rhinos were killed for their horns.These numbers are alarming，because current rates of illegal hunting are faster than birth rates，which could lead to extinction of these ecologically important creatures in the environment.Indeed，some elephant and rhino populations are on track to be locally extinct within the next decade.If you are reading this，you may already be aware of these facts.But you might not know that wildlife trafficking(非法交易) not only threatens the existence of elephants and rhinos but is also leading to extinction of other species，such as tigers，tortoises，sea turtles，and the worlds most trafficked mammal (哺乳动物)pangolins(穿山甲)Pangolins are the only mammals that are entirely covered in tough scales(鳞)，which makes them look very strong.But actually they are endangered mammals.There are eight different species of pangolins，four in Asia and four in Africa，and all are threatened with extinction.Although pangolins are protected throughout most of the countries where they live，high demand in East Asia，where the delicious pangolin meat is considered a delicacy and where their scales are used in traditional medicines，is driving an illegal trade in both live animals and pangolin parts.The number of pangolin trafficking is shocking.Experts believe that over the last 10 years more than 1 million pangolins were taken from the wild.It is estimated that between 40，000 and 81，250 pangolins were killed for the illegal trade in 2013 alone.In February，the United States released a plan to deal with wildlife trafficking，which lays out the steps we will take to fight the illegal trade in wildlife，including pangolins.We are strengthening the carrying out of the plan; building international cooperation and contribution to protect wildlife; raising awareness to drive down the demand that is fuelling the illegal trade.Get involved and remember World Wildlife Day (March 3 )by spreading the plan.Use social media and tell everyone that now it is time to get serious about wildlife crime and end the demand that threatens species，big and small，from the huge elephant to the shy pangolin.由于人们的捕猎，一些物种濒临灭绝。本文号召人们行动起来，保护濒危物种。7How many endangered creatures are mentioned in the passage?A4.B5.C6.D7.C细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，文章提到了大象、犀牛、老虎、陆龟、海龟、穿山甲六种濒临灭绝的动物。故选C项。8Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?AEight species of pangolins live on the same continent.BPangolins are not protected in most of their natural habitats.CThe scales of pangolins