口译Lecture 4 Training of Short-term Memory.ppt

Lecture 4 Training of Short-term Memory Listening comprehension is a very important part of linguistic competence. This is particularly true for the interpreters of consecutive interpretation. Whether you can absorb the information as much as you can or not largely depends on your STM. You need to be trained for the purpose and you need to be improved in this respect. The more information you can absorb and retain, the more competent and confident you become. To attain this goal, you must practice more and do a lot exercises in this field. 2.1. Casual Listening 2.2. Creative Listening Reconstructing the image and feelings suggested by what one is hearing 2.3. Exploratory Listening Random listening to find points of interest 2.4. Intent Listening 2.1. Casual Listening 2.1.1. Conversational listening listening in social interaction 2.1.2. Secondary listening listening to background sounds to make primary activity more meaningful 2.1.3. Aesthetic listening listening for the enjoyment of content with no thought of discussing critically 2.4. Intent Listening 2.4.1. Receptive listeningremembering a sequence of details 2.4.2. Reflective listening Getting central ideas Identifying transitional elements Using contextual clues to determine word meaning Distinguishing relevant and irrelevant material Drawing inferences 1) Develop your own ways of strengthening memory power, retrieval cues (clues for recalling) 2) Must be interested in/concentrated on topic under discussion 3) Interest facilitates understanding and concentration 3.1 Three Levels of STM Training A. 单句记忆/Simple Sentences B. 复句记忆/Complex Sentences C. 段落记忆/Paragraphs 一个原则：分意群，抓主干。 分意群：意群（sense group）或叫意 义单位（sense unit） 按照意思将听到的句子分成不同的几 块。这样句子结构更加清晰。 抓主干：在英语中，一个句子只有一个谓 语，它必需在人称和数上与主语保持一致 。句子中如果出现其他的动词，它一定是 非谓语动词形式。（不定式，动名词，现 在分词） 理解和把握西方语言的句子，只要抓住了 谓语动词也就抓住了全局的灵魂。 1. Welcome to Wuhan/, Im Sun Lingyan/, from Hubei University of Education/, a teacher of the Foreign Languages Department/. 2. I would like/to discuss with you/the possibility of /establishing a joint-venture/. 3. Permit me/first of all/to thank you/, our host/, for your extraordinary arrangements and hospitality/. 1.My name is Jane. Im from the London Tourist Center. 2.I will be working as your guide throughout your six- day visit. 3.Youll be staying at the Hilton Hotel. 4.The Hotel is located in the downtown area, a few minutes walk from the office of the London Tourist Center. 5. It is said to be the only man- made project on earth which is visible from a satellite. 6. I have been longing to visit China and establish business relations with Chinese companies. 7. It is also our hope to establish business relations with our American friends. 英语是形合（hypotaxis）的语言。主从句子之 间大多数是通过意义鲜明的连接词来连接的。 因而我们的记忆重点也是寻找各从句间的逻辑 关系，主要是通过连接词（连词，关系代词， 关系副词等）来辨别。这样我们对全局就有个 非常清晰的把握而不至于如坠云雾。 Premier Zhu further states that/the States will make earnest effort/to improve the working and living conditions of the intellectuals/, protect intellectual property rights/, and set up an incentive mechanism/ favorable to the upbringing of talented personnel/, so as to bring into fuller play the imitative and creativity of intellectuals/working in the fields of education and science and technology/. On behalf of all my colleagues/ presented here, I wish/ to thank you/ for your incomparable hospitality/, for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world/. With a joint venture, a foreign partner usually brings into the enterprise or business capital funds, machinery, advanced technology and management, while the Chinese partner supplies land, labor and a portion of the funds for the infrastructure. In that spirit, I ask all of you presented to join me in raising your glasses to the friendship and cooperation of our two peoples which can lead to friendship and peace for all peoples in the world. 对于一段话的记忆，从宏观上讲，要注意 事物的逻辑规律。不论什么主题，它所涵 盖的内容都有一定的范围和逻辑规律。 例如： 到机场迎接客人， 主人一般是表示欢迎，问候，关心客人的旅 程; 而客人总要答谢。 作演讲也有一定的主题，所说的话都应围绕 一个主题。 某公司发布一新产品，必然会说这种产品有 如何的优势，如何领先世界，如何为顾客考 虑，如何具有创新性等。 具体而言， 有六种方法来增强效果 注意抓“线索”，沿着逻辑顺藤摸瓜，把事情一件件 的介绍出来。（logical order） 把事物形象化。（visualization） 时间顺序，time order: narrations, stories, histories, etc. 地点顺序，（介绍参观地点） spatial order：东西南 北中，由远及进，由进及远 具体事由为线索。常用在说理性的情况下。 注意抓论点和论据。 时间顺序 Welcome to the activities of Australian Week- A Unique Experience of Australia Flavor. We have arranged the following activities for the four- day Australian Week. On Monday, March the 13th, the Australian Food Festival will be held to show you the Australian Food flavor, “the Australian Week Cup” tennis tournament is to be held on the 14th of March, on Wednesday, March the 15th, there will be an Australian Investment Seminar, on March the 16th, you can enjoy the Australian Painting Exhibition will be held. We hope you will know more about Australia through “Australian Week”. 食品展 网球赛 研讨会 会画展 地点顺序 This is the main library. Theres also a graduate library in Newman Hall on the other side of the campus. This is the periodical room, mainly for current periodicals. For earlier issues, theres another periodical room on the left. This is the main reading room. There are several others, at least one on each floor. Over there are the audio-visual rooms. You can borrow tapes, cassettes, slides or filmstrips and listen or watch without disturbing others. Here are th