2016年职称英语考试综合类B级新增文章汇总必考内容全面掌握.pdf

20162016 年职称英语考试综合类 年职称英语考试综合类 b b 级新增文章汇总 级新增文章汇总 必须重点掌握必须重点掌握 *第七篇 *第七篇 the apgar testthe apgar test the baby was born at 3:36 p. m. at 3:37, she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. at 3:41, she scored 8 out of 10. the doctor was glad. another baby, born at 8:24 p. m., scored 3 out of 10 on his first test. he scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. he took another test at 8:34 and scored 5. _1_ he called for help1. these newborn babies took a test called the apgar test. this test helps doctors diagnose problems. _2_ most babies take two tests. the first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. if a babys score at 5 minutes is less than 6, the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth. the apgar test is not an intelligence test. its a test that shows a babys health right after it is born. the apgar test measures things such as a babys color, heart rate, and breathing. the test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0, 1, or 2. _3_ a doctor named virginia apgar developed the test. apgar went to medical school at columbia university in new york city in 1929. she faced many challenges because she was the first woman in the program. however, she was one of the best students in her class. after medical school, she started treating patients2. apgar also became a researcher in anesthesiology, a new topic in medicine at the time3. during her studies, she learned how to give patients anesthesia. _4_ in the 1940s, many women started to have anesthesia when they gave birth. apgar had a question: how does anesthesia affect newborn babies? in 1949, when apgar was a professor at columbias medical school, she created her simple test. she wrote a paper about her methods in 1953. soon after, people started using the apgar test around the world. in her work, apgar saw that many newborns had problems. she wanted to help these babies survive. she stopped practicing medicine in 1959, and she went back to school to get a masters degree in public health. _5_ today, the apgar test is still used all over the world. newborn babies dont know it, but virginia apgar is a very important person in the first few minutes of their lives. 词汇：词汇： diagnose /daignuz/ vt. & vi. 诊断（疾病） anesthesiology /,nis,izildi/ n. 麻醉学 anesthesia /,nisizi/ n. 麻醉 注释：注释： 1. called for help：需要帮助，求救。call for：需要，要求，提倡；来找（某 人），来取（某物）。 2. she started treating patients：她开始治疗病人。treat sb.有三种意思， 分别是“对待某人”“治疗某人”和“款待某人”。treat 作“治疗”讲，是普通用语 的治疗，意义广泛，cure 多用于疾病方面，heal 多用于创伤或外伤方面。 3. at the time：当时，在那时。同义短语有 at that point, at that time, on the occasion。 练习：练习： a doctors add the scores together for the total apgar score. b she spent the rest of her life doing research and raising money to help newborn babies. c a score of 10 is uncommon. d the doctor was worried. e they decide if a baby is normal or needs special care. f anesthesia is a procedure that makes patients lose consciousness, so they do not feel any pain during surgery. 答案与题解：答案与题解： 1. d 由第二段的前半部分可知这个婴儿三次健康测试的分数都不理想，而且 最后一句提到他需要救助，说明他的情况不容乐观，所以医生应该担心。因此，答案为 d。 2. e 第三段中第二句话提到这项测试帮助医生诊断新生儿的问题，即医生可 以根据测试结果判断新生儿的健康状况。因此，答案为 e。 3. a 顺承本段倒数第二句的句意可知选项 a 和选项 c 都可以，但选项 c 说 10 分的成绩不常见，这一点由全文其他地方推断不出来。因此，答案为 a。 4. f 本段第二句话最后提到阿普加学习给病人实施麻醉，而选项 f 讲的是麻 醉是什么，正好与本段第二句话句意吻合。因此,答案为 f。 5. b 本段主要讲的是阿普加帮助新生儿的愿望以及她为此所做的努力，纵观 六个选项符合段意的只有选项 b。因此，答案为 b。 *第八篇 *第八篇 ice cream taster has sweet jobice cream taster has sweet job john harrison has what must be the most wanted job in the united states. hes the official taster for edys grand ice cream, one of the nations best-selling brands. harrisons taste buds are insured for $1 million. _1_ and when he isnt doing that, he travels, buying edys in supermarkets all over the country so that he can check for perfect appearance, texture, and flavor. after i interviewed harrison, i realized that the life of an ice cream taster isnt all cookies n cream a flavor that* he invented, by the way. no, its extremely hard work, which requires discipline and selflessness. for one thing, he doesnt swallow on the job. like a coffee taster, harrison spits. using a gold spoon to avoid “off” flavors, he takes a small bite and moves it around in his mouth to introduce it to all 9,000 or so taste buds. _2_ then he breathes in gently to bring the aroma up through the back of his nose. each step helps harrison evaluate whether the ice cream has a good balance of dairy, sweetness, and added ingredients 一 the three-flavor components of ice cream. then, even if the ice cream tastes heavenly, he puts it into a trash can. a full stomach makes it, impossible to judge the quality of the flavors. during the workweek, harrison told me that he has to make other sacrifices, too: no onions, garlic, or spicy food, and no caffeine. caffeine will block the taste buds, he says, so his breakfast is a cup of herbal tea. _3_ harrisons family has been in the ice cream business in one way or another1 for four generations, so harrison has spent his entire life with it2. however, he has never lost his love for its cold, creamy sweetness. _4_ on these occasions3, he does swallow, and he eats about a quart (0.95 liters) each week. by comparison4, the average person in the united states eats 23.2 quarts (21. 96 liters) of ice cream and other frozen dairy products each year. edys ice cream is available in dozens of flavors. so what flavor does the best-trained ice-cream taster in the country prefer? vanilla! in fact, vanilla is the best-selling variety in the united states. _5_ “its a very complex flavor,” harrison says. 词汇：词汇： taste bud 味蕾 texture /tekst/a/ n. 质地 aroma /rum/ n. 芳香 vanilla /vml/ n. 香草 注释：注释： 1. in one way or another：以某种方式,用这样或那样的方式 2. has spent his entire life with it：为此他已付出一生。spend.with sth.： 花（时间等）在某事上 3. on these occasions：在这种场合下 4. by comparison：相