英语学院毕业论文模板修订版.doc

浙江越秀外国语学院毕业论文（设计）摘 要毕 业 论 文（设计）Title The problems and strategies of oral题目English teaching in middle school二级学院： 英语学院 专 业： 英语教育 班 级： 英教1班 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 8摘 要说到英语口语，毫无疑问这是英语学习中最难的问题之一。随着经济的发展，全球化现象变得非常普遍，使得学生们需要掌握真实而有效的语言技巧以便与外国人交流，这不仅仅需要在阅读和写作方面有一定的能力，同时也需要一口流利的英语。英语阅读是提高写作的一个极好方法，它可以为口语提供丰富的素材内容，在扩大词汇量、拓展知识面、巩固语法和培养语感方面，大量的阅读能让学生受益匪浅。另外，知识是靠积累的，同样对于英语口语而言也是如此。作为学生对英语知识和技巧应用的综合能力体现的最好方式，英语口语的提高不仅仅靠大量阅读和记忆单词，还需要一步步的训练。“熟能生巧”，经过在阅读方面的长期经验积累，提高口语水平并非难事。关键词：英语口语；英语阅读；提高英语口语浙江越秀外国语学院毕业论文（设计）AbstractAbstractWhen it comes to oral English, there is no doubt that it is one of most difficult problems in English study. With the development of economy, the internationalization becomes quite a common phenomenon, which requires students to master the real and effective language skills to communicate with foreigners, not only have a frequent spoken English but also mastery of reading and writing. Reading is an excellent way to develop writing. It can offer a good example and rich contents for writing. Besides, in terms of expanding vocabulary, expand knowledge, consolidating grammar, cultivating language sense, reading much is of great is great benefit to students. Moreover, Knowledge is accumulated little by little, as well as improve writing. As writing is a best mean to show students comprehensive ability about language knowledge and using skills, make progress is not only rely on reading, memorizing words, also need step-by-step training. “Practice makes perfect”，with accumulating experience in reading, improve writing is not so hard.Key words: Oral English；English reading；Improve oral English 浙江越秀外国语学院毕业论文（设计）e 0国是多少个Table of Contents摘要IAbstractII1 Introduction12 The problems of oral English teaching in middle school12.1 Lack of English environment12.2 What Is Teachers Teaching Aim?12.3 Teachers Teaching Methods42.4 Lose Patience and Confidence On Learning Oral English43 Some Strategies of Oral English Teaching in Middle School3.1 Creating English Speaking Environments.43.2 Create atmosphere for English teaching43.3 Introducing English Speaking Countries Culture to Students.43.4 Be More Confidence43.5 More Practice44 Conclusion45 Bibliography 4 1 IntroductionMore and more people find it necessary and useful to have a good master of English for the future development of China. English is widely used in the world. People in most of the countries communicate with each other in English in the fields like politics, economics, culture, science, technology etc. So learning English well seems to be an evitable necessity in the modern world. Compared with the old published English book in senior and junior school, the stress of todays English book is in speaking but not in writing or examination. It is good for Chinese middle school students. What is the goal for learning a foreign language? It is for communication, but not for taking examinations. Communication through language plays important role in our social activities and daily life as our social contacts are increasing frequently. Since the reform of opening to the outside world, generally speaking, middle school has developed very rapidly. At present, almost all the middle schools in China, both in coastal areas and western areas have offered the course of English. Because of the common efforts of the teachers of English, swift progress has been made in middle school English teaching. However, we should recognize that therere still problems in English teaching. One of the prominent problems is oral English reaching. In China not only many students misunderstood it, but also plenty of teacher and students parents. They focus on the scores. As a result, a large number of Chinese students can achieve high scores in English tests but can not speak fluent English when they face a foreigner or speak to their classmates. This is a common phenomenon in middle school. This essay focuses on finding the problems which cause middle school students can not speak English out and ways to solve them2 The problems of oral English teaching in middle schoolMany researches show that the basic knowledge of oral English of many students is very poor. They not only lack of fluency oral English, but also their pronunciation is very poor. What on earth cause the problem arrive? There are some main factors.2.1Lack of English environmentOur Chinese students learn English just in English class, no more chance to practice. Some students feel shy of speaking English when there is no one talking with them or no an English speaking environment. If they speak English with someone, friends and other classmates will make fun of them. As influenced by Chinese culture, plenty of students are not willing to express themselves when face others. And according to the traditional way of Chinese thinking, everyone should be modest. In other words, if someone is good at some field, he had better not show his talent before people. But they ignore that English comes from the other countries where people are very outgoing and like to show his advantages. They are different from Chinese. So, Chinese student should try to use the way of English speaking people used to speak English.2.2 What Is Teachers Teaching Aim?What is the aim for an English teacher? Inexplicit teaching aims. One of the conflicts of foreign language teaching is that how to deal with the problem between the language knowledge and linguistic competence cultivating. Students cant express themselves well and they cant communicate with others. The other conflict is that how to handle the relationships of the four basic skills listening, speaking, reading and writing. So teachers should make clear their teaching aims to conduct their work better.Definitely, it is communication. Communication is the process of sending and receiving massage, It is true. Students nowadays are willing to receive massage rather than talking in other words sending massage. Chinese middle school students learn English very hard, but only in how to deal with exams. If asked to speak something about themselves those high marks obtainers can not speak completely or correctly English. It is no use for the development of a student. And if we take a close look at the actual English teaching situation in middle school, we would find an odd phenomenon that almost English teachers only pay attention to how to improve students test scores but not on the practical use of English-speaking. Although they have realized that their aims of leaching English are not so good, they still have reasons: the education department controls the judgments, in which whether a teacher is qualified or not, based on marks students get in exams.2.3 Teachers Teaching MethodsMost of teachers take English teaching as translation and grammar teaching, which orders teacher as a giver and student as a passive receiver. Teachers try their best to analyze passages to students, who only need to remember or write note down. In order to improve test marks teachers ask students to familiar with grammar and to recite vocabulary mechanically and do a lot of exercises. But they do not concern about oral English teaching, which, in turn, makes students spoken English very poor. Perhaps many students only can speak some simple greeting words. Such as “Hello” “How do you do?” “What is your name?” They can not use decent English to express themselves and take conversation with others. In a word students are receiving the passive English.2.4 Lose Patience and Confidence On Learning Oral EnglishFor most students oral English is a headache thing. Due to the wrong way of teaching methods, many students have lost patience in learning English, especially oral English, some students say frankly that in English class, teacher order them to listen carefully about what teacher said and write down all the notes which appear on blackboard, and recite words and passage. It is no use for them to improve oral English, they do not review those notes because they dont know what they are and can not remember words because they dont know how to use them in a correct situation.3 Some Strategies of Oral English Teaching in Middle SchoolHow to help students to overcome the above problems to reach the aim of improving the oral English skills? There are some ways to solve.3.1 Creating English Speaking Environments.Teacher could create some English speaking environments, in order that let students have more chances to speak English. Teachers usually pay attention to asking students to recite massages, reading texts to create an English-speaking atmosphere for a long time. Because influenced by mother tongue and being lack of practice, this method just has little help in developing students oral English after class. So teachers should not only teach activity in class, but also hold some programs after class. Such as holding English week, English corner, and English radio program and so on meanwhile, teachers also can start some activities according to the textbook. There is a number of text sections chose from some great novels in Europe, such as The Necklace, The Merchant of Venice and so on. When teaching these kinds of lessons, teachers could ask some students to take roles play and the rest student to be judger.3.2 Create atmosphere for English teachingIn the tradition class, a teacher stands on the platform, facing his students; his students stand up and answer him. This kind of atmosphere is formal, cold, and detached, and the students will feel nervous. Successful atmosphere for oral English class is relaxed, joyful and harmonious. In order to make student be relaxed, students may stand or sit in a circle and teacher should be a member of them. Then, what a teacher should do is to keep his class go smoothly. He should design the class activity properly and choose suitable subjects for students to develop. Differ from other subjects, English teaching always combines with various kinds of interesting activities. It seems that having English class is just to play with other students. The more fancy the students find in the class, the more effective the teaching will be, as students pay much attention to the class. Learning in a relaxed and interesting environment, middle school students really welcome such kind of learning style.3.3 Introducing English Speaking Countries Culture to Students.Teacher could introduce more English speaking countries culture to students and teach English songs and English movies to them. Different counties have different ways of thinking and doing. Teachers have to let students know what those differences are. For example if someone asks: “Does the color of my sweater match with my hat?” In fact they do not match each other. English speaking people would say: “Wow, they do not match, and look oddly.” But Chinese people say: “they match each other very well or they look great.” Just look at this simple example we can know that English-speaking people are more frank and they are willing to tell the truth. But Chinese people are influenced by the fear that if he tells the truth, his friends would anger with him. So, different ways of thinking cause different expression. It is necessary for teacher to tell those differences to students. There are many ways teacher can use to make students known the culture in English speaking countries. By teaching English movies, for example, after watching English movies, students can listen and watch what the actor and actress talk about and perform. They can point out where the differences are to students. Learning English song, students can know how English speaking people express their feelings. Through these kinds of ways, students will know more about the culture shark with foreigners, and then can speak to their classmates in a proper way.3.4 Be More ConfidencConfidence is mostly the well-known power of positive thinking. If you think you can do it, you usually can do it. Many Chinese students are lack of confidence when they are speaking English. The reason for it is that they are embarrassed, and do not want to lose face, they think that their spoken English probably is not that great and so on, especially they have the fear of making mistakesThe first step of being confidence is to conquer shyness. I agree that shyness is still believed to be the biggest obstacle for many Chinese students. It is generated by Chinese culture. Most Chinese students are willing to speak oral English with other students from overseas. But when the opportunity comes, they may just close their mouth because they have few experiences of speaking with strangers in English. They do not know how to start the conversation and how to let it go on. So the keys to conquer shyness are: First, just relax yourself and take a couple of deep breaths before you start to speak. Second, choose a topic that you are familiar with, which can help you to continue the conversation. Third, make eyes contact with the one you are talking with.The second step is to conquer the fear of making mistakes. In other words, no one is perfect. “You should not try to banish all your fear and your nervousness. You need a certain amount of fear to give a good talk.”(Hamilton Gregory, 2002:30) So students should give themselves the permission to make mistakes. #“If you are not failing everyone in a while, you have living too cautiously.”(Stephn E. Lucas, 1995:55) One of the primary stumbling blocks to our personal growth is our fear of making mistakes or looking foolish in the eyes of others. But are not mistakes an important part of the learning process? It is the truth to learn something. Edison, the world wide known famous scientist, is suffered from millions of failures caused by mistakes. But he was full of confidence and achieved success at last. Learning to speak English is not an exception and its full of bumpy. If you do make a mistake during a conversation, that is no catastrophe. It is a good development to your spoken English. You have realized where the mistake is. In the next time you may not make the same mistake again.3.5 More PracticePractice is the key to improve oral English. How do we practice Oral English? To find a partner with the same English level or higher than you to practice with. With more practice, you may find that speaking is not so hard. Another way is to take part in an English speaking community. I think that English corner is the best place to go. The greatest benefit of English corner is to meet other English learners who are at the same level, get their phone numbers, and arrange to meet with them every now and then to talk in English. You should never speak to him in Chinese. If you do think that the foreigner in China or other good Chinese English speakers are ready to magically improve your English just by listening to them, you are wrong. You must have conversations with others at your own English level if you are going to improve your oral English. One student said: “I have gone to English corner for three times during my university life. Every time I tried my best to speaker English, and every time was a test for me, now I am a senior, and is doing my work, I think I will go to English corner more often in the future. Its really useful no matter you talk with foreigner or Chinese, to