医学翻译及技巧.ppt

目录 翻译原则： 顺序 变序 分译 合译 模糊语 医学词汇： 西医词汇 中医词汇 顺序：保留原文顺序(多用于翻译单一 主语的汉语长句) 近年来，由于医疗技术的进步，人即使在受到 严重损伤的情况下依然有可能无限期地活下去 ，这使得围绕安乐死是否道德的争论进一步加 剧了。 In recent years, thanks to the progress in medicine, humans can still stay alive indefinitely even if seriously injured, which has rendered the debate hotter about whether euthanasia is ethical. 2. 这些诊所可以为老年人提供访视护士和其 他家庭卫生服务，公共卫生诊所还可以为 毒品成瘾者或酒精成瘾者提供康复治疗。 The clinics may provide visiting nurse and other home health care services for the elderly. Public health clinics may also offer rehabilitation programs for people addicted to drugs or alcohol. 变序：对原句进行重组(要求打乱原句 语序进行重组才能翻译出地道的英语) 为了能够在污染程度超过安全指标时建立并 实行污染限度、为民众提出建议，公共卫生官 员可以与污染控制机构进行合作。 Public health officials may work in conjunction with pollution control organizations to establish and enforce pollution limits and advise the general population when pollution levels exceed safe limits. 分译：对原句进行切分(多用于翻译多 个主语的汉语长句) 急性严重呼吸综合症是一种病因不明的呼吸 系统疾病，由于它与菌株引起的典型性肺炎不 同，因而也被称为非典型性肺炎。 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a respiratory illness of unknown cause. It is also known as atypical pneumonia as it is different from the typical pneumonia caused by bacteria strains. 合译：翻译时将零碎的散句组成一个 整句（多用于英译汉） 1.Since 80% of the medical resources in China concentrate in big cities and large hospitals, there is a grave shortage of medical resources in rural areas, as evidenced by poor conditions, insufficient equipment and low level of healthcare. There has been no radical reversal of the lack of physicians and medicines in rural areas. 我国的医疗卫生资源80%集中在城市和大医院， 农村医疗卫生资源严重不足，条件差、设备少 、水平低，农村缺医少药的局面还没有根本扭 转。 2.Statistics suggest that of the healthcare staff in the rural township hospitals, only 1.6 percent are university graduates; 16.9% are graduates of junior colleges; 59.9% are graduates of secondary vocational schools, and 21.6% have no formal schooling. Obviously, this staff is inadequate to undertake the arduous task of healthcare services in the countryside. 据统计，目前农村乡镇卫生院人员中，本科 毕业生仅占1.6%，大专生16.9%，中专生59.9% ，有 21.6%的卫生人员没有任何学历，难以 承担繁重的医疗卫生服务任务。 模糊语（vagueness） 医务工作者的交际对象 病人是一个特殊的群体，患者心 理上往往比较脆弱，对某些问题 心存忌讳，在同他们交流的过程 中，若适当地使用模糊语，既尊 重患者，又能获得患者的尊重。 例： 1.在涉及到排泄物或性行为等禁忌语时： Number one（一号）代替piss（小便）； Number two（二号）代替dung（大便）； Communicate（交流）代替intercourse（性交 ） 2.在作出某些论断时： 使用generally speaking, in general, likely, may, might等模糊性词语，使论断留 有余地，提高严谨性。 3.在陈述某一观点时： 使用according to, It is said/reported that等模糊句式，表明其观点有据可查，强 调了结论的可信性。 西医词汇 out-patient department 门诊部 In-patient department 住院部 Nursing department 护理部 Emergency room 急诊室 director of the hospital 院长 attending doctor 主治医师 heart transplantation 心脏移植 terminal disease 绝症 diagnosis 诊断 Skin-test 皮肤试验 blood transfusion 输血 artificial respiration 人工呼吸 Department of internal medicine 内科 Department of surgery 外科 中医词汇 中医学 traditional Chinese medicine 中风 apoplexy 伤寒 cold pathogenic disease 中暑 heat stroke and sunstroke 盗汗 night sweating 惊风 infantile convulsion 沙眼 trachoma 穴位 acupuncture point 刮痧疗法 skin sc