论文学翻译框架中的女性主义——以《盲刺客》及其中译本为例.pdf

分类号ho密级公开 u d c 硕士学位论文 论论文文学学翻翻译译框框架架中中的的女女性性主主义义 以以盲盲刺刺客客及及其其中中译译本本为为例例 学 位 申 请 人：张瑜 学科专业：英语语言文学 指导教师：赵征军 副教授 二一二年五月 athesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of english language and literature on feminism in literary translation acase study of the blind assassin and its chinese version graduate student:zhang yu major:english language and literature supervisor:associate professor zhao zhengjun china three gorge university yichang, 443002, p.r.china may, 2012 三三峡峡大大学学硕硕士士学学位位论论文文 i 三三峡峡大大学学学学位位论论文文原原创创性性声声明明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工 作所取得的成果，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体 已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文 中以明确方式标明，本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名： 日期： 三峡大学研究生知识产权承诺书 本人承认：我作为三峡大学硕士研究生在校学习期间，在导师指导下，依据研 究工作所作学位论文的知识产权全部权归三峡大学所有。 本人承诺：我有义务维护三峡大学的知识产权，凡是以我本人学位论文内的全 部或部分研究成果，或实验数据为基础所形成的研究论文及成果，无论是以何种形 式刊发学术论文、进行成果鉴定或申报奖励，均以三峡大学为第一作者单位或完成 单位，并事先征得导师或学校相关部门的同意。 我愿承担因违背上述承诺而引起的一切法津和经济后果。 学位论文作者签名： 日期： 三三峡峡大大学学硕硕士士学学位位论论文文 ii 内内容容摘摘要要 20 世纪 80 年代的翻译研究出现了文化转向，至此翻译与文化密切联系起来， 并且翻译研究开辟出了一个全新视角，即文化视角。在文化研究中，性别是一个非 常重要的研究课题。性别问题已经成为翻译研究的一个新领域和新视角。文化转向 将翻译和性别紧密联系起来，这是女性主义翻译理论产生的重要原因。 女性主义翻译理论强调女性主体性的作用及译者性别对翻译产生的影响。译者 受到民族、文化和意识形态等因素的制约和影响，有意识或者无意识的操控原文甚 至占有原文。女性主义翻译理论强调译者本身的性别对翻译过程产生很重要的影 响，这正是译者主体性的体现。本文旨在探讨女性主义和翻译之间的关系，尤其是 在文学翻译中的作用及体现。 the blind assassin 是加拿大著名女作家玛格丽特 阿特伍德的代表作， 于 2000 年获得布克奖。女性主义是本书的一大特色。2007 年由中文翻译家韩忠华先生译成 中文，名为盲刺客 ，上海译文出版社出版。本文将以该中译本为文本分析对象， 从女性主义视角考察译文，探究如下问题： 男性译者是否能充分传递原作中的女性主义思想？ 译者的性别意识是否影响文本生成？ 译者是否从女性主义角度翻译盲刺客？ 译者的主体性一直是翻译研究的焦点话题。正如许多学者提出的，译者的主体 性不仅仅在于“直译”或“翻译” ，还在于译者将社会和文化因素作为重要因素纳 入翻译策略考虑当中。因此，本文旨在探讨译者主体性是如何体现，及译者在翻译 过程中是否受到自身的性别的影响。该部分仍以盲刺客的中译本为例，分析发 现中译文存在强化男权意识弱化女性意识的现象。以此提出译者的主体性是受文 化，社会，性别的限制而改写原文的观点。笔者在做文本分析时，从女性主义翻译 角度对译文进行了修改，以期能够传达原文的女性主义思想。 关关键键词词: 性性别别 女女性性主主义义 文文学学翻翻译译 身身份份 三三峡峡大大学学硕硕士士学学位位论论文文 iii abstract the 1980s witnessed the emergence and development of the cultural turn in translation studies, which closely combined translation and culture from then on, and a new researching perspective has been created, i.e. the cultural perspective for translation studies. the gender issue is an important part of cultural studies. the gender issue created a new perspective and new field since the culture and translation are associated and interrelated with each other under the influence of the “cultural turn”. the connection of gender and translation serves as a role of factor to promote the emergence of feminist translation theory. feminist translation theory puts forward its emphasis on factor that translators gender as influence exerted on interpretation of the original, which is the very embodiment of the translators subjectivity. affected and confined by the factors of nationality,culture,andideology,thetranslatorconsciouslyorunconsciously manipulates and even occupies the original text. the thesis aims to discuss the relationship between feminism and translation, especially the influence of feminism on literary translation. the blind assassin, masterpiece of canadian author margaret atwood, won booker-prize in 2000. it is acknowledge that the novel is full of feminine color. han zhonghua, a chinese translator, translated this novel into chinese in 2007, named mang ci ke, published by shanghai translation publishing house. the chinese version is selected as an example to analyze from the feminist perspective. this thesis will focus on the issues as following: can a male translator fully express the feminine ideas of the original? is the quality between the source text and the target text achieved? does the gender awareness of a translator influence the process of translation? did han zhonghua translate the blind assassin from the feminist perspective? as many scholars claimed that translator unavoidably plays an active role in the process of translation since the factors of society and culture were considered in the translation studies. the subjectivity of translators do not simply lie in “interpreting” or “translating”, but it also does lie in the consideration of social and cultural aspects taken in the translation, which the translator is responsible for. thus, the study aims to 三三峡峡大大学学硕硕士士学学位位论论文文 iv find out how the subjectivity of the translator is embodied, and how his or her own gender awareness influences the process of translation. the thesis also adopts the examples from the chinese version of the blind assassin to illustrate that the male translator is deeply influenced by his own gender and the traditional chinese value, and puts this into the process of rewriting the original text. through a specific analysis, the writer finds that the male translator strengthened the male awareness and image, yet weakened the feminist awareness and image. with the expectation to reveal the feminist ideas of the original, the writer of this thesis will provide the refined translation from the perspective of feminism. key words: gender; feminism; literary translation; identity 三三峡峡大大学学硕硕士士学学位位论论文文 v contents chapter one introduction1 1.1 background of the study.1 1.2 significance of the study2 1.3 research methodology and structure.3 chapter two literature review.4 2.1 previous study on ftt.4 2.2 previous study on theauthor margaret atwood and tba.6 2.3 previous study on the translator han zhonghua and mang ci ke8 chapter three feminist translation theory10 3.1 feminism and translation 10 3.1.1 on feminism10 3.1.2 common ground of feminism and translation.11 3.2 subjectivity of translator.12 3.2.1 translators identity and subjectivity.12 3.2.2 translators subjectivity from feminist perspective12 3.3 criticisms on ftt.13 3.3.1 from intrinsic feminism13 3.3.2 from extrinsic feminism.14 chapter fouracase study16 4.1 margaretatwood and tba.16 4.1.1 theme and structure of the novel16 4.1.2 image of the female and feminist consciousness in the novel17 4.1.3 image of the male in the novel19 4.1.4 feminist narration in the novel.20 4.2 han zhonghua and mang ci ke.21 4.2.1 introduction to han zhonghua and mang ci ke21 4.2.2 the readers response and reception of the novel in china.22 4.3analysis of the translation.24 4.3.1 the choice of words25 4.3.2 female image in the translation 28 三三峡峡大大学学硕硕士士学学位位论论文文 vi 4.3.3 the male image in translation.33 chapter five discussion and implication .38 5.1 the difference of ftt in china and western38 5.2 the influence of ftt .39 chapter six conclusion.40 6.1 findings of the study40 6.2 limitations and suggestions for further study40 bibliography.42 acknowledgements47 三三峡峡大大学学硕硕士士学学位位论论文文 1 chapter one introduction 1.1 background of the study with the rapid development of the academic research, the study of translation has developed by leaps and bounds. it is in the 1970s that the study of translation began to be viewed in a dynamic, functional and communicative perspective. the 1980s and the 1990s saw many new theories and schools mushroom, such as the polysystem school represented by itamar evan-zohar and gideon toury, the manipulation school by andre lefevere, susan bassnett and theo hermans and deconstruction represented by jacques derrida, michel foucault and roland barthes. all the new approaches to translation share a common ground: they all attempts to redefine the role of the translation, and the role of the translator. so far, it is almost acknowledged that the study of translation have developed at its full blossom. the 1980s witnesses the emergence and development of the cultural turn in the study of translation, which closely combined translation studies and cultural studies from then on. it is the cultural turn that takes the political, social and historical aspects of translating activity into consideration. “this shift emphasizes the reality of translations as documents which exist materially and move about, add to our store knowledge, and contribute to ongoing changes in esthetics.”(simon, 1996: 7) since the translation studies haveturnedtobeculture-oriented,thetranslationisregardedasacultural communication rather than a mere linguistic transfer. the act of translation is no longer understood as “trans-coding” from one context into another, but an “act of cultural communication”. during that period, “the second wave” of feminist movement as well was revived and moved forward. after decades of past experience, the feminists realized that a sexual discrimination was deep-rooted in peoples mind. in their view point, the language which is used both in our daily life and literature is more than a tool of communication but a tool of manipulation. thus, on the purpose of challenging the patriarchal world and fighting for the equality with men, feminists try to question the patriarchal language which manipulates people, especially women. “womens liberation must first be liberation of language.” (3) 三三峡峡大大学学硕硕士士学学位位论论文文 2 the situation that women have shared some common ground with that of translator inspired feminists to take the possibility of considering translation as a tool. translation is a complicated process influenced by factors like culture, society and history. finally, in special content, feminist translation theory (hereafter referred to as ftt) was formed in 1986. the purpose of ftt is to “identify and critique the tangle of concepts which relegates both women translation to the bottom of the social and literary ladder”. (1) ftt takes gender as a key issue, challenges the traditional translation theory and its standard “fidelity”, and emphasizes the subjectivity of the translator. 1.2 significance of the study firstly, on the basis of the theoretical background supplied by both cultural studies and ftt as well, this research will stand from the perspective which cultural studies integrate with feminism and translation practically and theoretically, to explore the awareness and subjectivity of feminist translator. all of this research promotes relevant studies on the translators subjectivity. furthermore, this research will mainly discuss the influence of gender awareness of translator and readers on choice of works and explore the reaction to feminine elements hidden in translated works. it also intends to discuss how the male translator deal with the feminine color in literary works, especially feminist works. tba is a typical novel which is full of feminism. the chinese version mck is translated by a male. the thesis will focus on issues as following: 1) whether a male translator can fully express the feminine ideas of the original; 2) whether the quality between the source text and the target text is achieved; 3) whether the gender awareness of a translator influences the process of translation. in order to discuss the questions, a tentative research on the translation of tba will be studied in detail. the final goal of this research attempts to find out the answers to the question risen above, and to attach importance to feminist writings and translation. the writer hopes to shed light on the visibility of translator rather than the traditional role they play, testify the patriarchal language and find out how female images and language are manipulated. through a specific analysis of ftt in literary translation, it aims to stimulate further discussions and encourage scholar and researchers; to draw attention to the practices of feminist translation, especially in china. 三三峡峡大大学学硕硕士士学学位位论论文文 3 1.3 research methodology and structure this dissertation combines macro theoretical elaboration and inter-textual case study. by adopting the qualitative and descriptive approach, this thesis intends to provide a systematic review of ftt and related information. comparative and textual analysis will be used in case study. moreover, it will provide a detailed analysis and some concrete examples. based on the examination and illustration of cultural study and ftt, the research will sum a specific literature review in terms of feminism and ftt, and its influence on literary translation practices, in order to show how ftt affects the role played by translator. the case study will tend to put an analysis of chinese version of work written by western feminist author. this research includes an overview of feminism and translation, and a summary of the application of ftt in literary translation, thus shedding new inspirations and insights on further research in this field. it consists of a case study of chinese version of the blind assassin (hereafter referred to as tba) which is considered as the representative of feminist works. through a detailed analysis and exploration, a critical perspective for further research in this area is provided. generally, this thesis is divided into six parts. part one is a brief introduction to ftt. it introduces the theoretical background of the study, its significance and research methodology as well. part two documents a literature review in both ftt and the two texts. it will sum a conclusion of the previous studies on margaret atwood and her tba, the translator hang zhonghua and mang ci ke (hereafter referred to as mck). chapter three traces the relationship of the feminism and translation, especially literary translation. additionally, it addresses the main approach adopted in this thesis, i.e. ftt. specific illustration and exploration of ftt will be provided from different perspectives to discuss the subjectivity of translator, including criticism from both inside and outside. chapter four is a case study to examine the languages and strategies they adopted. through an inter-textual analysis comparison chapter five is devoted to the discussion and implication of the whole thesis. 三三峡峡大大学学硕硕士士学学位位论论文文 4 chapter two literature review 2.1 previous study on ftt it is acknowledged that the publishment of gender in translation, written by sherry simon, is the milestone which markes the formation and establishment of ftt. however, before its publishment, some feminist translators and critics had already written this kind of works. susanne de lotbiniere-harwood, barbara godard and kathy mezei had shared their innovative text on translation in this concern. lori chamberlain had testified the metaphors of traditional translation as a feminist practice in the article gender and the metaphoric of translation. all the texts and papers get a full preparation for the establishment of ftt. the body bilingual, written by susanne de lotbiniere-harwood, is the most elemental one. this is an autobiography about the authors own feminist translation experiences and her bilingual background. de lotbiniere-harwood expresses her feeling of otherness at the very beginning of her book the body bilingual. since the only dominant language in social context is the masculine language, women have to express themselves and make their voice heard through translating themselves with the patriarchal language. it is true that women are born translators, so as to “the body bilingual”. thus, de lotbiniere-harwood speaks for women through translation. she defines the feminist translation as “rewriting in the feminine” (1991:98) having realized this, de lotbiniere-harwood began to theorize and summarize her feminist translation thoughts. in her own translations and criticisms, numbers of specific examples of the feminist translation are presented, from which “rewriting in the feminine” is achieved. being the most remarkable characteristics, practicalness，which can be found everywhere in her book, plays a fundamental role in theorizing feminist translation different from de lotbiniere-harwood summarizing her translation experiences, barbara godard attempts to theorize the feminist discourse in her essay “theorizing feminist discourse/ translation”. godard commented explicitly “to raise the issue of their translations in the framework of language, gender and ideology is to ask the relationship between the theories of discourse advanced in these texts and the theories of translation which have produced the english version” (1990:87) 三三峡峡大大学学硕硕士士学学位位论论文文 5 realizing the dominant patriarchal language, french feminist discourse makes efforts to create a language for females. with the purpose to overturn the patriarchal language, godard takes translation as production not reproduction, the “difference” is emphasized as a positive fact in feminist translation. lori chamberlian, american translation theorist, put a concrete analysis in translation discourses. in his paper, chamberlian examines the metaphoric related to translation, and indicates that system of marriage. in a marriage and translation, women and translation occupy the secondary status than men and author / source text. based on the above foundation, sherry simon published the first book concerning the issue of gender and translation with the hope to integrate translation with cultural studies in a gender perspective. the year after 1996, louise von flotow, quebec feminist translation scholar, published another authoritative book on ftt, translation and gender: translating in the “era of feminism”. flotow attempted to explore feminist developments influence on translation studies in a more systematic way. it also plays a significant role in the area of feminist translation. although ftt was first introduced into china in 1980s by zhu hong, it has really drawn the attention and interest of scholars and researchers increasingly in chinese academic field. to date, nearly 100 articles and thesis on ftt have been published in china according to the statistics from cnki. articles and theses published belong to four major categories. the first group mainly focuses on the general introduction and review. among these works, the first influential work is “re-write the myth: feminism and translation studies” (2002), written by liao qiyi. in his article, liao qiyi gives an introduction to the background and influence of ftt on translation studies. moreover, he testifies the development of ftt for translation studies so as to achieve better understanding of the nature of the t