《考研用到的资料》word版.doc

完整的2篇小作文和3篇大作文。而每篇训练时间建议小作文15-20分钟，大作文40-45分钟。 一、考研英语写作基本步骤及时间安排1.审题2至5分钟。根据给出的提纲，列出较详细的大纲。2.打草稿25分钟左右，保证句子准确性和灵活性。3.修改誊抄10分钟。注意再次调整词汇和句式，不要单调。二、考研英语高分写作要求1、卷面必须整洁，字体适中。统计表明，两个水平一样的考生，卷面整洁的会比卷面较差的至少要高一两分，而这是评分细则里明确允许的。阅卷老师印象分经常占极大比例。这就要求同学们平时写作的时候要养成打草稿的习惯，防止胡乱涂改。字不能太大或太小。以打印出的Times New Roman二号字为佳。2、必须分段明确。最好段与段之间隔开一行字的距离。3、扣题+语言准确+灵活句式和高端词汇这里要特别强调的是语言准确，这也是大多数同学作文的致命伤。要短期克服这个问题，最好的方法是建议大家多做汉译英练习。勇者事成。Fortune favors the brave. 后悔无益。It is no use crying over spilt milk. 学无止境。Live and learn. 捷足先得。The early bird catches the worm. 不进则退。Not to advance is to go back. 一举两得。Kill two birds with one stone. 无劳无获。No pains, no gains. 苦尽甘来。No sweet without sweat. 善有善报。A good turn deserves another. 眼见为实。Seeing is believing. 殊途同归。All roads lead to Rome. 天道酬勤。Hard work pays out. 时不我待。Time and tide wait for no one. 言行一致。Practise what you preach. 捷足先登。The early bird catches the worn. 好事多磨。Good things never come easy. 六字谚语 一心不可两用。If you run after two hares you will catch neither. 眼不见，心不想。Out of sight, out of mind. 万用句型一切称心如意。Everything in the garden is lovely. 有志者事竟成。Where there is a will, there is a way. 不浪费，不愁缺。Waste not, want not. 事实胜于雄辩。Actions speak louder than words. 彼一时，此一时。It is different now from then. 八字谚语 人人为我，我为人人。One for all, all for one。不冒风险，不能成功。Nothing ventured, nothing gained. 一分耕耘，一分收获。You reap what you sow. 勤劳是成功的根本。 Diligence is the parent of success。千里之行始于足下。 A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 失之毫厘，谬以千里。One false step will make a great difference. 百艺不如一艺精。Better be master of one than a Jack of all trades. 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。A tree will not fall at one blow. 罗马非一日建成。Rome was not built in one day. 名师指导：考研英语之摘要题型写作2009-06-17 海天教育 摘要题型写作是难度非常大的一种写作形式。随着考生英语水平的不断提高，这种题型引起考生的普遍重视。1)摘要题型写作要点 动笔之前，考生一定要认真仔细地阅读所给原文，弄懂原文大意，掌握原文要点； 摘要的长度一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一，考试时应遵守规定的字数限制； 在做摘要时考生切忌照搬原文； 摘要应与原文的观点保持一致，并且仍按原文的逻辑顺序排列； 重点反映主要观点，删除细节； 简化从句，用简短的语句代替冗长的语句； 检查与修改时，考生应重点检查是否遗漏了原文的要点或包含了细节。2)摘要题型写作实例 试题题目Directions:Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 words。We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and evasiveattitudes about death, despite the great distance we have come in understanding someof the profound aspects of biology. We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it; it is an indelicacy, like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days. Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way: we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 billion volatilised human deaths, as though we were talking about bad weather; we can watch abrupt bloody death every day, in color, on films and television, without blinking back a tear. It is when the numbers of dead are very small, and very close, that we begin to think in scurrying circles. At the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of ones own self, the only reality in nature of which we can have absolute certainty, and it is unmentionable, unthinkable. We may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go away. We like to think, hiding the thought, that with all the marvellous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose, perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just become, next year, say, a bit smarter. (246 words) 原文要点(1) Continue to have the most confused ideas of death like predecessors(2) Avoid talking about death(3) Talk about death when millions of people die(4) Become confused and anxious when each time the dead people are very few and the death rates are almost equal(5) Peoples fearfulness(6) Seem to control nature(7) Avoid death参考摘要People dislike talking about death because they just like their predecessors still have the vaguest ideas of the issue. They talk about death only when million upon millions of people are killed in war. When they find only very few people die each time and the death rates are almost equal, they become very anxious, thinking that next time they themselves will meet their doom. Therefore, they fear very much. However, they have a hope that when they control nature, they can avoid death. (84 words)考研必备经典句型：让你的英语语句活起来1. The good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. 美好的人生是由爱所激励的、由知识所引导的。2. Choose a life of action，not one of showing-off。宁要实干主义，不要风头主义。3. Life is a leaf of white paper，on which each of us may write his word or two. 人生是一张白纸，我们每个人都在上面写下自己的历史。4. Life is the art of drawing sufficient conclusions from insufficient premises。人生是一种艺术，从不充分的前提中推断出充分的结论。5. The great end of life is not knowledge but action。生活崇高的目标不是知识而是行动。 6. Nothing in life is to be feared.It is only to be understood。人生没有什么可怕的，只是需要理解。7. You had better have an aim in life，or your energies will all be wasted。你生活应该有目标，否则你的精力就会被浪费掉。8. The important thing in life is to have a great aim，and the determination to attain it。人生重要的是树立一个伟大的目标，并决心实现它。9. The tragedy of life is not so much what men suffer，but what they miss。人生的悲剧不在于经受了许多苦难，而在于他们错失良机。10. Life consists not in holding good cards，but in playing well those you hold。人生不在于掌握一手好牌，而在于把你手中的牌打好。11. The family is the test of freedom；because the family is the only thing that the free man makes for himself by himself。家庭是自由的尺度：因为家庭是自由人亲自为自己造就的惟一东西。12. The home is the crystal of societythus the core of national character。家是社会的结晶民族性格的核心。13. Knowledge is little; to know the right context is much；to know the right spot is everything。知识是不重要的，懂得知识的正确内容固然重要，而懂得在正确场合运用是最重要的。暑期这一阶段以词汇和阅读为中心，配合做题为重点，做题需要基本功和技巧，而技巧的掌握应该很快，基本功是个慢活，需要长期积累，一旦词汇和阅读能力上去了，其它的事就是水到渠成的了。每天坚持写100字的东西，任何内容都行，只要是英语表达，坚持下去之后，你一定能有很好的语感，以后什么题目都不怕了。背诵词汇、练习阅读、坚持写作深入解析：考研英语习语中数词的妙用2009-07-28 万学海文 一、英语习语中数词的语义特点由于习语大多是在一定的社会环境中和一定的历尘条件下各民族人民相互不断地言传而沿袭下来的固定短语。其概括性很强，一般都具有“肓外之意”，习语中数词的语义也因此显得捉摸不定。英语习语中的数词的语义和语用功能随着时代的变迁和语言词汇自身的发展也在不断地丰富或变化。一部分还具有数量概念；另一部分则具有引中和转移的意义。表达了更多的内涵。运用更加广泛。(一) 习语中数词具有数量概念。1。体现数词本义。表实际数目。如，kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟the Seven Deadly Sins (基督教中)七种不可宽恕的罪行Rome was not built in one day. 罗马非一日建成。Three score and ten is the age of man。人生七十不稀罕。2。体现数词本义，不表示实际数目。即习语中的数词虽然具有数量概念，但并不指实际的数日，而是一种虚指，具体有以下几种情形：(1) 表数量少、程度小。如：five and ten 廉价商店two or three 少数的a nine days wonder 一时的新鲜(2) 表数量多、程度大。如。a thousand and one 许许多多。无数to talk nineteen to the dozen 喋喋不休：滔滔不绝strike twelve 达到最高目标to be on a cloud nine 喜气洋洋；高兴万分(3) 表两种事物在数量和程度上的大致相等。如：six of one and half a dozen of the other半斤八两one dog，one bull 一兵对一卒；公平竞争ninetynine out of a thousand 差不多：总是(4) 表对比。即习语中使用两个数词，在意义表达上形成对比和映衬。如，ten to one 十拿九稳Four eyes see better than two. 一人计短，两人计长；集思广益0ne coward makes a dozen。一人害怕。众人退缩0ne bee is better than a hundred flies. 百只苍蝇不如一只蜜蜂二、英语习语中数词的修辞效果习语是语言中重要的修辞手段。是各种修辞手段的集中表现。数词既能反映客观事物的数量，叉能增强语言的表现力，使语言生动形象、活泼有趣。英语习语中有了数词的修饰和限制，其表意更为具体、鲜明、深刻，丰富了习语的表达魅力，具有明显的修辞效果。(一) 头韵或尾韵。利用数词形成习语的音韵之美，读来通顺，听来人耳，生动有力，加强了习语的感染力。如：at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟Once bitten，twice shy。一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳sevens and elevens 侥幸取胜(二) 比喻。利用数词设喻，使表达的内容更为形象。如：She has become one with the villagers。她已和当地村民打成一片。New Yorks Four Hundred can generally be counted on for good copy。纽约的上流人士通常被指望是好的新闻材料。第一句用数词习语become one比喻水乳相融的情景(相当于汉语成语“位水一家”)，简单明了，通俗贴切。第二句的数词习语the Four Hundred始自1892年。当时纽约名流William Astor夫人决定把参加她私人舞会的客人减少至四百。以后人们便把(the)Four Hundred比喻为“上流人士”。 (三) 夸张。利用数词对所描述的事物夸大和缩小，故意言过其实，以达到渲染气氛、抒发感情、幽默诙谐的艺术效果，给读者留下深刻的印象。如：Thanks a million。非常感谢。Jurgis was a young giant，broad of back，full of vigor，a working-man in a thousand。尤格斯年轻而高大魁伟。肩宽背阔，精力充沛，是个千里挑一的干活人。(四) 寓意。习语中运用多个数词形成强烈对比或层层递进的关系，以形象的形式说明抽象的概念或深刻的道理，读来发人深思，回昧无穷。如：One father can support ten children;ten children cannot support one father。一父能养十子，十子难养一父。A horse may stumble though he has four legs。智者千虑。必有一失。(五) 委婉。运用数词含蓄、婉转、文雅地表达那些粗俗的、生硬的、直率的或令人不快的内容。如：go to the fourth上厕所third ear 告密者fivebyfive 矮胖的当然，英语习语中数词修辞作用并不仅限于以上几种，而且往往是几项修辞手段的综合运用， 因此我们在学习和使用应多加注意。总之，数词在英语习语中的妙用赋予了英语习语以极大的语言魅力，准确理解和掌握其语义特征及修辞特色，对于扩大我们的知识视野、丰富我们的英语表达能力及提高我们对英语文化的学习兴趣都有很大的帮助。2010年考研英语倒装句复习要点2009-06-28 北文考研 倒装(inversion)是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。倒装有两种。将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，叫做完全倒装(complete inversion)。如Then began a bitter war between the two countries。于是两国之间开始了恶战。只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前，叫做部分倒装(partial inversion)。如At no time was the entrance left unguarded。入口无时无人把守。英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况，倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误，后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。例1Among the advantages that future biochips, or “living computers”， would have over conventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, they do not generate as much heat, and they allow for the parallel processing of information, making them faster than todays semiconductor devices。例2This is the world out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear。注意：调整语序，加强语气。以There be引出的倒装句a. There seem to be many good candidates in the district。b. There exist many problems among the present day students。c. There appears to be a man in black in the distance。以副词here, there, then, now, next引出的倒装句a. Here come the rest of the party。b. Now comes your turn。c. Then followed the discovery of a new compound。d. Next came Edward with his wife。以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句a. At the school gate stood a guard。b. Under the tree are sitting some students。c. On the bed lay a pretty kitten。主语为代词时，不用倒装Behind the counter he stood。Behind the counter stood a man with glasses。以表方位的副词引出的倒装句a. Up went the arrow into the air。b. Down fell a dozen apples。c. Off went the horse。not短语置于句首a. Not until he went abroad did he know the truth of the fact。b. Not a moment did she waste on campus。c. Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend。d. Not simple is this book interesting, but also instructive。no短语置于句首a. By no means should he be left alone。b. In no way are can we allow this to continue。c. In no case are you to le