[英语考试]英语二.doc

张洪峰山东自考英语二课文翻译2019-01-05Unit10Text A Working Women - East and West 东西方的职业妇女Work，for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under， involves responsibility n.责任，责任心；职责 for a household，a child or children，and a job outside the home as well（也）对于大多数55岁或55岁以下的美国妇女和中国妇女来说，工作包括家务、照顾一个或几个孩子以及一份家庭以外的工作，It all adds up to a busy life所有这些加起来就是忙碌的生活。How is it going for them for us? 她们现在的情况怎么样?我们中国的情况又怎么样呢? Experts have observed b5z:v vt.&vi.观察 that life forms a different sort of adv.有几分地a.有几分地 pyramid for women in China than in the United States专家学者已经注意到，对中美两国妇女来说，生活形成的“金字塔”形状各不相同。In China，nearly all young mothers are employed被雇佣 outside the home，在中国，几乎所有年轻的母亲都有职业， with their numbers decreasing di5kri:s9 5di:kri:s vt./vi./n.减小，减少 as they approach middle age但随着年龄步人中年，人数越来越少。The reasons are clear：原因很清楚：the second income of the woman is an absolute绝对的 necessity必要性 for a young family with a child or two对于有一两个孩子的夫妇来说，妻子的这第二笔收入绝对是必要的。Later on，以后，when the children grow up，孩子长大了，the older couple 5kQpl n.夫妇；(一)对；几个can more easily live on the husbands earnings plus the wifes pension 5penFn n. 养老金 ，老两口靠丈夫的收入加上妻子的养老金，生活就不太困难了。and fewer middle-aged women continue in employment中年妇女继续工作者为数不多。 The pyramid for American women is the opposite Cpzit美国妇女的“金字塔”形状恰好相反：with fewer young women employed , 年轻妇女工作的人数较少，and the number increasing 增加at older ages而岁数较大时，人数却增加了。Many young mothers have found it more efficient有效的 to stay home，care for children themselves，许多年轻的母亲觉得呆在家里自己照顾孩子效果更好，and then find employment n.就业later when the children are older and more independent. 等孩子长大些后，能比较独立地生活了，再去找工作。But rising costs of living are requiring要求 more young American women to help support s5pC:t vt.支撑；支持；维持their families，但是，生活费用的增加需要更多的美国年轻妇女帮助养家，and it is increasingly 逐渐地true that young American women want to have jobs而且美国年轻妇女想出去工作也日益成为事实。But the American working mother often feels troubled by the complexity km5pleksiti n.复杂(性) of her life但是，有工作的美国母亲往往对生活的复杂性感到苦恼。Childcare is unreliable and expensive. 让人看小孩既不可靠费用又高。Childcare workers have low status and are not well educated and are poorly paid保育员社会地位低下，没受过良好的教育，收入很低they are often women who are unable to get better jobs这些人往往是找不到更好工作的妇女。Thus the American working mother always has the worry that her child is not being as well cared for as she hopes，因此，美国有工作的母亲总是担心孩子不能像她希望的那样受到很好的照顾，and the Cost of babysitters or private enterprise 5entpraiz n.事业；企业daycare centers can cost half or more of her salary而且保姆费或私营幼儿园的收费要花掉她工资的一半或者更多。Other worries distract分心 her from good performance工作n. at her job：还有其他的烦心事让她不能好好地工作：What if the babysitter gets sick? 保姆病了怎么办?What will her employer think if she has to stay at home with a sick child? 要是必须留在家里照顾生病的小孩，老板会怎么想呢?What if the car ,necessary to get the child to the daycare center and herself to and from her job，breaks down? 要是送孩子上幼儿园和自己上下班的汽车坏了怎么办?Few people live close enough to their work or the childcare center to accomplish this on foot or by bicycle，as in China很少有人能像在中国那样，住的离单位和幼儿园都很近，只要步行或骑车就行了。In China，grandmothers play an invaluable role in taking care of children and households while the young parents are at work在中国，年轻的父母工作，祖母在照看孩子和料理家务上起了不可估量的作用。It seems like an ideal arrangement - the grannies become important members of the family，这好像是一种理想的安排：奶奶成了家庭中的重要成员，and they are housed and fed吃 in returnalthough in crowded homes that most American would not enjoy供吃管住是对她们的报答虽然住的地方很拥挤，大部分美国人不喜欢这样。In America，an older woman who had to fill 填空；补缺this role would be likely to feel she was being made a kind of servant在美国，必须这样做的老年妇女可能有被当作佣人使用的感觉。She may feel lonely sometimes，尽管有时候觉得孤独，but generally is proud骄傲 of being selfsufficient但总的来说，美国老年妇女以自立而感到骄傲。Both she and her family tend to feel she deserves值得 to be free of childcare now，having reared the large family of the 1950s baby boom经历了50年代的生育高峰，把很多子女都抚养大了，她和家人都感到她现在不应再看小孩了。 On the job，Chinese women seem more confident，despite their traditional pretty manners，than do American women in their work p1ace在工作单位，尽管中国妇女有传统的温文尔雅的举止，她们在工作中表现出的自信心似乎比美国妇女更强。American women seem less inclined倾向于的to speak up easily to the boss美国妇女似乎不愿向上司大胆表述自己的意见。Young Chinese women at work seem more bold清晰的and less self-conscious中国的年轻妇女在工作中似乎更大胆、更自然。The work unit is more like a large family，工作单位更像一个大家庭，where the youngest workers feel at easei:z with the“mom”and“dad”of the group最年轻的工作人员和这个大家庭的“妈妈”、“爸爸”在一起工作毫不感到拘束。American women act either as if they doubt daU:t怀疑that they really belong at work among the men，美国妇女表现的要么好像怀疑自己竟然能同男子一样地工作，or they are constantly经常地，不断地looking for evidenceevid恩s特征 of discrimination辨别 against反对 them 要么好像不停地寻找歧视妇女的证据。 At home，while Chinese men seem to be performing表演的 more household duties such as cleaning，cooking，shopping and caring for children than they used to，在家里，中国男子在诸如打扫卫生、洗衣、煮菜烧饭、买东西、照顾孩子等家务活方面似乎比过去做得多了，and American men are also becoming much more willing to“help”，而美国男子也比过去变得更加乐意去“帮助”做这些家务，it seems only realistic to say that people the world over still regard these as basically womens tasks and therefore因此 womens responsibility，但好像惟一现实的说法是：全世界的人仍然把这些工作看做本来就是妇女的事，是妇女的责任，no matter who may do them on any given day而不管是谁哪一天干了这些活。They are a heavyhevi burden on both Chinese and American women这对中美妇女都是一个沉重的负担，but Chinese women seem to shoulder them more firmly 坚定and more cheerfully高高兴兴地但是，中国妇女似乎更坚决、更乐意地挑起这副担子。 American women do have varied and complex concerns：美国妇女确实有各种各样的复杂事情需要关心：in addition to work at home and on the job，a woman feels that she must make an attractive home that reflects her familys status，除了家务和工作之外，她还觉得必须整理收拾出一个能反映家庭社会地位的、吸引人的家；she must present an attractive吸引人的 appearance外表at work，and above all，she must be a good companion to her husband工作时必须有讨人喜欢的外表；更重要的是必须做丈夫的好伴侣。Chinese women are freer of the competition for status，中国妇女没有那么多社会地位上的竞争，especially as represented by their homes特别是没有家庭代表的社会地位的竞争，and both men and women have a great deal of companionship in their work unit而且，不论男女，在各自的工作单位上都有许多朋友交往。Chinese women also look attractive at work，中国妇女在工作时也很漂亮，but they achieve 完成it more casually 偶然地and simply，但只是比较随意、简单地梳妆打扮一下，and do not seem to feel that their career progress发展进步n. depends on the way they look好像没有感到她们的事业取决于她们的外表。 Which system is better for the woman? 哪一种制度对职业妇女更好呢? What we expect in life and what we are used to would strongly influence our evaluation生活中我们所期望的和我们已经习惯的一切都会对我们的评价有很大的影响。Looking at women in both China and the United States，看看中美两国妇女，one cannot help but be impressed印象 with their-our-strength，competence and general good cheer人们不能不对她们的我们的力量、能力和总的乐观精神有深刻的印象。Our nations could not run without us我们两个国家，离了妇女谁也运转不了。CLOZECiozePlease pay attention that there are more words than are necessary number increased rise decreased 1ast employment present economy part。time expense announced to fulltime remained at Twenty years ago，more than 60 of the employed work force was male now it has decreased to just 5120年前，60多的雇佣劳动者是男性，现在这一数目已降到了5l。During this twenty-year period there has been a 2.8-million fall in the number of men in work，20年间，男性雇佣劳动者减少了280万，and a 2-Million rise in the number of women而女性劳动雇佣者增加了200万。At present there are 10.68 million male employees and 10.14 million women现在，有1068万男性雇佣劳动者，1014万女性劳动雇佣者。Although many women workers are part-time workers, around 45 of the total虽然许多妇女(约占总数的45)是半日工，this represents the only source of earned income for many households in areas where employment is depressed沮丧的，凹陷的她们的工资是许多劳动力市场萧条地区家庭的惟一收入来源。Analysts say that much of the upturn in employment during the recovery of economy will be in part-time jobs for women但分析家指出，在经济恢复期内，劳动力市场好转就是给妇女半日工种工作。A big British shop，as well as British Airways，has recently announced plans to increase part-time employment at the expense of full-time jobs 英国航空公司和一家大型商店最近宣布，计划减少全日工种以提高半日工种的数量。Txit BWomens Liberation 妇女解放运动Have you heard of the womens liberation lib5reiFn movement? 你听说过妇女解放运动吗? It began in the 1960s and was started by women who were concerned about their identity ai5dentiti n.同一，一致；身份，本体，它开始于20世纪60年代，their role in society，their work，and the view of women that many people held保持最初由一些妇女发起。她们关心女性对自身的认识、女性的社会角色、女性的工作及人们对女性的态度。Now many American women are deeply concerned about these things现在，许多美国妇女都很关心这些问题，These women would like better and more interesting lives for all women everywhere她们希望普天下所有的妇女都能过上更好、更有趣的生活。There are many aspects 5Aspekt n.方面；样子，外表of the womens liberation movement妇女解放运动有许多方面。Some women agree with all of the goals of womens liberation有些妇女赞同妇女解放运动提出的所有目标，They want full equality with men in every aspect of life想同男子在生活的各个方面都平等。In marriage，they want husbands and wives to share FZ vt.分享 n.一份 vi. 分担all of the work and responsibilities of a home and family家庭中，她们希望夫妻二人共同操持家务，共同承担对家庭的责任；In work，they want women and men to have the same jobs and the same chance to succeed They want women to be paid just as much as men for the same work工作中，她们希望男女同工同酬，有同样获得成功的机会。Other women agree with only some of the ideas of womens liberation有些妇女仅赞同妇女解放运动提出目标的一部分，They want the same pay if they hold the same job as a man她们希望如果男女从事同样的工作，妇女能得到同男子一样的报酬，At home，however，they do not expect iks5pekt vt.预料，预期；等待their husbands to share in the cleaning，cooking，and other household jobs但在家中，她们不指望丈夫帮忙做饭、打扫卫生和做其他的家务。It is necessary to remember that the womens liberation movement is not concerned only with concrete issues应该记住，妇女解放运动不仅仅涉及具体问题，The movement is also concerned with attitudes and beliefs还涉及女性自身的态度和观念。One typical example of this concern is the issue of a womans identity一个典型的例子就是女性的自身认识问题。A womans identity is what she thinks of herself as a person，who she thinks she is，and what she thinks she can do. 女性自身认识指妇女作为个人，怎样看待自己，认为自己是谁，自己能干什么。Some women do not think they are capable of doing anything important有些妇女认为自己什么重要的事情也干不了。The womens liberation movement would like to help these women improve their views of themselves妇女解放运动旨在帮助她们改变对自身的看法。Many women who are concerned with womens liberation have taken jobs，许多关心妇女解放运动的女性有自己的工作，have helped others,帮助过别人，have raised healthy children，抚养了健康的孩子，and have done many other things to contribute to their communities为自己所在的社区做了许多事情。They have shown that they are capable of being good leaders and of doing many important things她们已经证明妇女能够做许多重要的事情。A second issue of the womens liberation movement is the question of womens roles妇女解放运动的另一个问题就是妇女角色的问题。Should a woman work outside the home? 妇女应该在外面工作吗?Should she work if she is married and has children? 结婚有了孩子后是应该工作，Or should she stay home to take care of her husband and children? 还是应该在家相夫教子?What will the rest of society think of her if she enters a profession or has a career事业? 她如果踏人职业圈，社会上其他人会怎样看呢?What will other people think if she wants to stay home and raise a family? 如果她想在家料理家务、相夫教子，其他人又会怎样看呢?These questions do not have just one correct answer这些问题没有惟一正确的答案，Every woman must decide her own role每个妇女应该自己决定自己的角色。The womens liberation movement is trying to make it possible for a woman to decide what she wants to do妇女解放运动就是要努力实现妇女自己能决定要做的事情，The movement also wants to make it possible for her to do the best and the most she possibly can还要帮助妇女实现自己做得最好、最多。If a woman decides to take a job outside the home，如果一个妇女自己想在外面工作，there are many important questions which are raised这就出现了许多问题。Can she get any job she is capable 5keipbl of and qualified for? 她是否能够得到她有能力且有资格去做的工作?Or are some jobs closed关闭的 to her because she is a woman? 是否因为她是女性，许多工作她就得不到?If she gets a job and some of her fellow workers are men doing the same work，如果她得到一份工作，同事中有男性和她做同样的工作，will she be paid as much as they are? 她能得到和他们一样多的报酬吗?These issues are considered important in the United States在美国，人们认为这些问题非常重要。The government has passed some laws to try to help women get any job for which they are qualified，政府已经通过不少法令帮助妇女获得她们有资格去做的工作，and to help them get the same pay as a man for doing the same work帮助她们实现同工同酬。The government has also passed a law to encourage businesses that get money from the government to be fair to women and minority mai5nCriti n.少数；少数民族groups政府还通过了一条法令，鼓励那些从政府处得到财政资助的商行平等地对待妇女和少数民族，This is called the Affirmative Action Law这条法令被称为“机会均等计划法案”。It says that if a company is not fair to women and other minority groups，它规定，如果哪家公司对待妇女或少数民族有失公平，the government will not do business with that company政府将停止对该公司的财政资助，This encourages businesses to provide equal 5i:kwl a.相等的；平等的opportunities Cp5tju:niti机会 for women这样就鼓励了各商行为妇女提供平等的就业机会。Many people agree with the ideas and goals of womens liberation许多人都赞同妇女解放运动的观点和目标。 They feel that women ought to be considered equal to men in every way他们认为妇女在各方面都应得到同男子一样的待遇， They feel that a woman should be able to decide to stay home and raise a family，妇女应该自己决定是在家相夫教子、操持家务；or to stay home and not raise a family，还是呆在家里，同丈夫做“丁克”一族；or to go out and work，还是出去工作；or to have a job outside the home and the family as well还是工作孩子两不耽误。They feel a woman should be able to do anything that she wants to do and can do他们认为妇女应该去做她们自己想做、自己能做的事情。Other people are opposed 5puz vt.反对；反抗 to womens liberation也有些人反对妇女解放运动，They do not think that woman should have the same jobs and the same pay as men在他们看来，男女不应同工同酬，They believe that men should do all of the important work男子应做所有重要的事情，They feel that women should stay at home，taking care of men and children妇女就该呆在家中照顾丈夫、孩子，Many husbands do not want their wives to work outside the home他们不愿妻子出去工作。Some women agree with these men有些妇女也赞同这些男子的观点。People who support 支持womens liberation do not feel that it is bad for a woman to remain at home if she wants to如果一个妇女愿意呆在家中，支持妇女解放运动的人并不感到这是坏事。They believe that work in the home is important and should be respected尊重在他们看来，在家操持家务和在外工作一样重要，也应受到尊重。But they want to make sure that a woman works at home because she wants to,但这样的前提是妇女自愿在家，and not because she cant get a job outside the home，而不是因为在外面找不到工作，or because she does not believe that she can do anything useful in her community或者她认为自己不能在社区做任何有用的事情。 The womens liberation movement is trying to give women a chance to show what they can do妇女解放运动努力给妇女一个展示自身能力的机会。Perhaps a woman will find the cure for our most serious disease或许哪位妇女能够找到治疗人类最严重疾病的方法，Perhaps a woman will solve the energy crisis 5kraisis n.危机；存亡之际或许哪位妇女能够解决能力危机Perhaps women and men, working together，will be able to accomplish important things better and sooner than men would if men were working alone或许男女共同工作比男子单独工作能更好、更快地完成重要的事情。If the womens liberation movement is successful, we will have a chance to find out如果妇女解放运动能够成功，我们就有机会找出这些假设的结果。 Each man and each woman must decide whether he or she agrees with the ideas of the womens liberation movement completely，每个男子和每个女子都必须决定自己是否完全赞同妇女解放运动的观点，partly， or not at a11部分赞同妇女解放运动的观点，还是根本就不赞同妇女解放运动的观点。Whether you agree or disagree with womens liberation,不管赞同与否， you know that it has begun to change our lives妇女解放运动已经开始改变我们的生活了。Unit11Text A My Fathers Shadow 父亲的影子My husband，Gary，and I were flying to Hawaii from New York City to show our five-month-old son，Timmy，to our parents for the first time我和丈夫加里正由纽约飞往夏威夷，去让我父母见见我们刚出生五个月的儿子-蒂米。But what should have been a mission of joy filled me with apprehension这本该是件快乐的事情，却令我十分忧惧。For five years Id hardly spoken to my father五年了，我几乎没和父亲说过话。Loving but stern in the manner typical of Chinese fathers，he had made particular demands on me，父亲具有典型的中国父亲的风格：慈爱而严厉，对我寄予厚望。and though we were very much alike，wed grown very far apart尽管我们的性格极为相似，但父女关系却已变得很疏远。 When I became a teenager，my father held up my mother as a model of feminine behavior早在我的少女时代，父亲就让我把母亲作为女性的榜样。But she was social，while I preferred books to parities母亲擅长社交，可我喜欢读书不愿扎堆。He pressed me to mingle with his friends children父亲强迫我与他朋友的孩子做朋友，I insisted on choosing my own companions我却坚持自己选择伙伴。He assured Id follow in my mothers footsteps and enroll in the local university to study teaching，父亲坚持认为我应该重复母亲的路，读当地大学，学师范专业，and that Id marry into one of the other long-established Chinese clans on the islands and settle down，as he and my mother had嫁一位久居当地的华裔望族，像他和母亲一样，定居在夏威夷。But I didnt settle但我没有那样做。As bullheaded as my father，I escaped to the University of California，同父亲一样倔强，我逃到加利福尼亚大学读书，where I fell in love with a haole，并爱上了一位外族人加里，as we called Caucasians from the mainland就是我们通常所说的来自美国大陆的白种人。Gary had blue haole eyes and sandy haole hair他有着白种人的典型特征-蓝眼睛、沙色头发。I announced that we were getting married-in Berkeley，not Hawaii我宣布我们要在伯克利结婚，而不是夏威夷，No large，clamorous clan wedding for me也没有盛大、热闹的家庭式婚礼。My parents came and met Gary just two days before our small，simple wedding就在距我们不具规模、形式简单的婚礼只有两天的时候，我父母才来跟加里见了第一次面。Afterward we moved to New York，婚后，我们搬到了纽约，as far from the islands as we could get without leaving American soil尽可能远地离开了夏威夷，但又不用离开美国本土。My fathers subsequent silence showed his disapproval父亲随后的沉默反映出对我的不满。He didnt visit；neither did I他没来看过我们，我也没回去过。When my mother telephoned，he never asked to speak to me，and I never asked for him母亲来电话时，他从不要求跟我讲话，我也从不要求跟他讲话。We might have gone on like that. the habit of separation hardening into a permanent estrangement我们可能会就这样僵持下去，分离的习惯渐渐硬化为永久的疏远。Then Timmy was born，and I felt an unexpected tidal pull back to the is1ands后来蒂米出生了，我莫名其妙地产生了想回家看看的强烈愿望。On the long flight to Hawaii，在回夏威夷的漫长旅途中，memories of my childhood. when I was my fathers small shadowcame flooding backI was three years old，running behind him as he walked between the banana trees in the plantation town where he taught high schoo1孩提时的记忆潮水般涌上我的心头。那时我才三岁，还是父亲的小东西。父亲在镇上一所中学教书。每当他穿行于种植园的香蕉树中间时，我则在他身后奔跑。When grew tired，he carried me on his shoulders跑累了，父亲就让我坐到他的肩膀上，From there I could see forever坐在他肩上我能看得很远很远。You are my sunshine my only sunshine。he would singYou make me happy when skies are gray这时他就会唱你是我的阳光，我惟一的阳光，天空阴霾密布，你依然令我幸福I laughed，taking his devotion as my due我大笑着，理所当然地享受着这份父爱。 Now the prodigal daughter was returning with the firstborn of the next of generation-a hazel-eyed，gold