[英语学习]高考3500单词老师讲义.doc

高考高考 3500 单词老师讲义单词老师讲义 Unit One abandonabandon bndnbndn vt. go away from( a person or thing or place) not intending to return; desert 放弃，抛弃 词组 abandon ones home 离弃家园 abandon ones wife 遗弃妻子 an abandoned baby 被抛弃的孩子 abandon ones research for lack of funds 由于缺乏资金放弃 abandon oneself to 沉溺于 abilityability bltbltn. capacity or power to do something physical or mental 能力 词组 to the best of ones ability 尽自己最大努力 例句 I believe your ability to bring out the best in others. 我相信你有充分发挥别人潜力的能力 ableable eb()leb()l adj. having knowledge or skill; capable 有能力的， 能干的反义词：unable 词组be able to do 1z be capable of 有能力做某事 辨析able capable 两个都指“有才能的” ， able 所指的意义，高过 capable 一级, 如 an able man 能应付各种事情的人（指非常的） ，而 a capable man 能应付自如的人（指寻常的） ； capable 也可以用于贬义，表示此人什么事都干得出来。 aboardaboard bdbd adv. prep. on or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or a bus 在船（或飞机，车）上； 上船，登机, 在船（或飞机，车）上 词组go aboard 上船（飞机） welcome aboard请上船（飞机） about ba tprep. on the subject of (sb/sth); concerning or regarding 关于； around 在周围；在各处；大约 adv. (indicating position, state, etc) here and there in (a place) 各处，周围 词组be about to 刚要；正准备 例句 He was about to leave when it began to rain. 他刚要离开，这时开始下雨了。 How about? What about? 关于怎么样？ How about going to watch a football game? 去看足球赛怎么样？ 辨析 be to do be going to do be about to do be to do 表示计划或安排要做的事； be going to do 表示打算要做但还没有安排好何时做的事； be about to do 表示某时突然想要做某事或表示过去刚要做某事时另一件事发生了,这时常与 when 词组连用。 例句 We are going to visit our former English teacher this winter holiday. 这个寒假我们打算去看看我们以前的英语老师。 We are to visit our English teacher on Feb 5th. 二月五日我们去看看我们的英语老师。 I was about to leave home when the doorbell rang. 我刚要出门，这时门铃响了。 aboveabove bvbv prep. higher than something 在上面；高于；超过反义词：below adv. 在上面 词组above all 最重要的是 above average超过平均水平 as indicated above如上所示 above-mentioned上述的 absentabsent bsntbsnt adj. not present 缺席,心不在焉反义词 present v. fml to keep oneself away （正式）缺席，不在 词组be absent from缺席 be present at 出席 absent-minded 心不在焉的 absent expression茫然的表情 in the absence of = in ones absence有谁不在场 in the presence of = in ones presence 有谁在场 展开 absence n.反义词 presence absoluteabsolute bslutbslut adj. complete, total 十足的，道地的；绝对的，完全的 词组 an absolute idiot十足的傻瓜 absolute power绝对的权利 展开 absolutely adv.完全地；极其 absorbabsorb bsbbsb vt. take sth in; include sth/sb as part of itself 吸收；接受；把并入；吸引（注意力，精力等） 词组be absorbed in全神贯注于 （同）be lost in; concentrate ones attention/ mind on focus ones mind/ attention on abstractabstract bstrktbstrkt adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence 抽象的反义词：concrete an abstract noun 抽象名词 n. 摘要，梗概 词组in the abstract 抽象地说，一般地说 acceptaccept kseptksept v. take (sth offered) willingly 接受，认可adj. acceptable 可以接受的 辨析receive 表示“收到” ，而 accept 表示“接受” ，其反义词为 refuse I received his invitation yesterday but I did not accept it. 昨天我受到了他的邀请，但是没有接受。 admit 表示“接纳” ， “吸收”某人加入某一组织，团体等 Soon he was admitted to British citizenship. 不久之后他便被接受为英国公民。 accessaccess ksesksesn. means of approaching or entering( a place) 通道； opportunity or right to use sth or approach sth 接近；接近的机会；享用权 词组 a man of easy access 容易接近的人 have access to可以到达（进入） ；能够使用（接近） 例句 The only access to that building is along the muddy track. 进入那幢大楼的唯一通道就是这条泥泞的轨道。 Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case. 只有几个人可以获取这个案例的全部事实。 展开accessibleadj. 容易接近，得到或使用 accidentaccident ksdntksdnt n. event that happens unexpectedly and causes damages, injury, etc.意外事件，事故 词组a traffic accident交通事故 by accident偶然 （同）by chanceaccidentally (反)on purpose 例句 He owes his success to a mere accident 他的成功出于偶然。 展开 accidental adj.偶然的 accompanyaccompany kmpnkmpn vt. to go with, as on a journey 陪伴，陪同； to happen or exist at the same time 伴随，和一起发生； to make supporting music for 为伴奏（或伴唱） 例句 I was accompanied to the airport by my wife. 妻子陪我到机场。 Suffering accompanied war. 灾难总是伴随着战争一起。 He sang a folk song, accompanied by his wife at the piano. 他唱了一首民歌，他妻子钢琴伴奏 展开 company n. 陪伴 keep sb. company陪伴 accomplishaccomplish kmplkmplv. to succeed in doing; finish successfully; perform 实行，完成 词组accomplish ones purpose 达到目的 accomplish nothing 一事无成 accomplish wonders 创造奇迹 an accomplished young lady 多才多艺的少女 展开 accomplishedadj. 熟练的，已完成的，有教养的 辨析accomplishcompletefinishachieve fulfil accomplish指通过努力完成（某一任务，使命） ，取得（成就） ，达到（目的）等 complete 较 accomplish 更具体，指把建筑，工程，书籍等完成 finish 指完成日常琐事，接动名词作“结束”讲，而 complete 则不能如此。另外，finish 指消极 性的“完成” 辨析： I have finished the book. 我已读完这本书了。 I have completed the book. 我已写完这本书了。 fulfil 完成（计划，任务） ，达到（目的） ，强调的是对预期的或保证过的事情圆满完成，达到预 想的目的和要求。 I had fulfilled many of my youthful ambitions. 我已实现了我年轻时的许多抱负。 展开 achieve指排除困难，完成伟大功业，取得成就。 according kdkd tt adv. 按照；根据 词组according to根据 accordingly adv. 相应地 accountaccount kantkantn. a written or spoken report; description 记述，描述，报告 n. a record or statement of money received and paid out, as by a bank or business, esp. for a particular period or at a particular date 账，帐户 n. 解释，说明 vi. account for 说明的原因，是的原因 vi. account for（在数量，比例方面）占 词组give an account of叙述；报告 pay ones account付帐 keep accounts记账 on account of由于；因为 on no account决不 takeinto account = take account of = take into consideration 考虑 of no account不重要的 on account以赊帐方式 展开 accountant n. 会计人员 accuseaccuse kjuzkjuzv. to charge(someone)with doing wrong or breaking the law; blame 指责 词组accuse sb. of sth.= charge sb.with sth. 控告某人 the accused 被告 the accuser 原告 展开 accusation n. 指责，控告 accustomedaccustomed kstmdkstmd adj. being in the habit of; used to 习惯于； regular, usual 通常的，惯常的 词组 表示“习惯于” be (get, become, grow) accustomed to be (get, become, grow) used to（变得）习惯于 adapt oneself to adjust oneself to使自己习惯于 accustom oneself to 例句 This is her accustomed hour to get up.这是她惯常的起床时间 acheache ekek n. a continuous pain 疼痛 vi. to have or suffer a continuous dull pain 疼痛，酸痛 合成词 toothache牙疼 headache头疼 stomachache胃疼 辨析achepain hurt ache 指一种辨析持久的疼痛，或因小病或失调引起的感觉 I have an ache in my stomach.我胃疼。 He is aching all over.他浑身痛。 pain 指人体感到不舒服，是一般用语，可指身体或精神方面的痛 I have a sharp pain in the neck我的颈部痛得很。 hurt 指身体或精神的伤害，指“疼痛”时，为不及物动词 What you have said hurt her.你说的伤到她了。 My fingers still hurt now.我的手指还在痛。 achieveachieve tivtivvt. to finish successfully(esp. something, anything, nothing) 完成，实现，达到 vi. 成功 词组achieve ones aim 达成目标 achieve nothing一事无成 achieve success成功 achieve a general increase in production实现逐步增长 辨析（见 accomplish 词条） 展开 achievement n. 成就，成绩 acquireacquire kwa(r)kwa(r) vt. to get for oneself by ones own work, skill, action, etc.取得，获得；学到 词组acquire a property得到一笔财产 acquire a large vocabulary学到大量词汇 acquire confidence获得信心 辨析acquireget obtain gain acquire 指（经过一个过程或通过自己的努力才） “获得” ， “习得” get 为一般用语，表示“得” ， “取得”等，常用在口语中 obtain 比 get 文雅些，指凭着努力，要求等而“得到” Further information can be obtained from our head office. 可以从我们总部获得更多信息 gain “取得” “赚得（利益等） ” ，含优势和成就等意味。 Nothing can be gained without an effort. 不劳则无获。 acrossacross krskrs prep. from one side to the other of 穿过， 横过， 在的对面 adv. 从 边到另一边；宽，横 词组come across = run across 碰到某人或遭遇某事 get across惹（某人）不高兴 put across哄骗（使相信或接受） get sth. across使人理解,领会 put sth. across讲清楚，使人听懂 The stream is 6 feet across.这条小溪六尺宽。 He was unable to get across to the group what he meant.他无法让人了解他什么意思。 We must learn how to put our ideas across. 我们必须学会讲清楚我们的观点。 辨析acrossthrough across 指平面的穿过; through指空间或内部的穿过 辨析across the river/ street/ desert/ plain through the forest/ window/ gate actact ktkt vi. to take action 行动；做，做事；to represent (a part) or perform by action 表演; vt. 扮演（角色） n. 行为，动作；法令；条例 词组act on/ upon1. 根据行事 2对产生影响，对起作用 act on the teachers instructions遵照老师的指令 Acids act on metals.酸对金属起作用。 in the act of正做的过程中 an act of great daring英勇的行为 an education act教育法 例句 She acted wisely in this matter.她在这事上做得很明智。 He wasnt acting like himself.他的举止反常。 He acts very well in the play.他在剧中演得很好 He acted Romeo.他演罗密欧。 actionaction k()nk()nprocess of doing something n. 行动 词组take action 采取行动 out of action不（再）起作用，不（再）运转 go /come into action开始战斗，开始行动 辨析actionactactivity act 指短暂，个别的，具体的“行为” ； action 偏重于抽象的，占时较长的“行为” ， “行为过程” ，更具有连续性； activity指活动。 例句The thief was caught in the very act of stealing. 小偷在行窃时被逮捕。 Firm action must be taken to prevent such an accident from happening again. 必须采取果断措施以防止此类事故再度发生。 展开 classroom activity班级活动 action 也常指做事的方法或效果 action of a runner/ a medicine 跑步者的动作（药的作用） actions 泛指人们的行为，常与呼应 Actions speak louder than words. （谚语）事实胜于雄辩。 注：我们可以有如下表达 a foolish/ kind/ brave act (or action)= an act( not action ) of foolishness/ kindness/ bravery activeactive ktvktvenergetic; quick; lively adj. 积极的，主动的 词组be active in = take an active part in 积极参加 展开 actively adv. 积极地 adaptadapt dptdpt v.make something suitable for a new use, situation etc. 使适应，使适合； . v. alter or modify(a text) for television, the stage, etc. 修改，改编 词组adapt oneself to使自己适应，习惯（见 accustomed 词条） adapt to适应 addadd dd v. put something together with sth. else so as to increase the size, number, amount etc. 加，添加；进一步说（或写） ，附带说明 词组add up to = amount to = total = come to合计达，总计 add to 增加 add up加起来 add to ones confusion/ difficulty增加困惑，困难 例句 Three added to four makes seven.3 加 4 等于 7 Add all these figures and see what the total is.把这些数字加起来，看看是多少。 additionaddition d()nd()n n. adding, esp. calculating the total of two or more numbers 加；加法 词组 in addition = besides另外，加之 in addition to = as well as = besides除之外（还有） 展开 additional adj. 附加的，另外的 addressaddress dresdres n. details of where a person lives, works or can be found, and where letters , etc may be delivered 地址，住址； n. speech made to an audience 演说，讲话 vt. （在信封或包裹上）写姓名，地址；向作（正式）讲话；对发表演说； 称呼；处理 词组address oneself to向讲话，致力于 辨析addressspeechlecturereporttalk address 指较正式隆重场合上所作的“演说” ； speech 普通用语，指在公共场合所作的经过准备的或无准备的“发言” ； lecture 学术性的“演讲” “讲座” ； report 事件及局势的报道（报告）或下级给上级的报告； talk 非正式的讲话，用与较随便的场合。 I went to a lecture he gave on literature. a political report I must have a long talk with him. adequateadequate dkwtdkwt adj. sufficient 足够的，适当的；胜任的 反义词：inadequate 辨析adequatesufficientenough adequate 着重符合一个客观要求或标准，兼有“适当”之意； sufficient 较偏重分量或数量的“足够” ，多用于书面语； enough常用语，也较偏重分量或数量的“足够” 。 His wages are adequate to support the family.他的工资足够养家了。 adjustadjust dstdst v. alter (sth) by a small amount so that it will fit or be right for use; regulate 调整；调节 词组adjust oneself to调整以适应（见 accustomed 词条） adjust to适应 例句 The body quickly adjust ( itself ) to changes in temperature. 身体迅速自行调节以适应气温的变化。 admireadmire dma(r)dma(r)vt. regard sb with respect, pleasure, satisfaction etc. 赞赏，钦佩 词组win the admiration of赢得的赞赏 be the admiration of成为（是）.的欣赏对象 have/ display an admiration for对非常佩服（欣赏） 展开 admirer n. 崇拜者 admirable adj. 令人敬佩的 admirably adv. 令人敬佩地，非常地 admiringly adv. 钦佩地，赞叹地 admiration n. 欣赏，赞赏 admit vt. allow sb/ sth to enter 允许进入，使进入；容纳；容许 recognize or acknowledge sth as true, confess sth. 承认+that clause/ doing/ n./ pron. 词组admit to sth/doing sth承认；同向 admit (having made ) mistakes承认犯了错误 be admitted into被录取 admit of 容许 例句 Only important personages were admitted to the opening ceremony. 只有 VIP 才可参加开幕式。 This matter admits of no delay.这件事不容拖延。 This ticket will admit three to the concert. 一张票可供三个人听音乐会。 George would never admit to being wrong. 乔治从不认错。 I admit my mistake that I was wrong. 我承认我错了。 展开 admission n. 准许进入，入场费，费用 advanceadvance dvns;dvns; (US)(US) dvnsdvns v. come or go forward 前进，向前移动； make progress 取得进展； increase (a price)（价格等）上涨； pay before it is due to be paid 预先发放，预先支付； bring (an event) to an earlier date 提前，使提前发生； make a present (a claim or suggestion, etc) 提出（建议等） n. 前进，前移；进展，改进；（价格等）增加；预付（款等） adj. 预先的，先行的 词组in advance 在前面；预先，事先 展开 advanced adj. 先进的，高级的；年迈的，后阶段的 advantageadvantage dvntddvntd n. condition or circumstance that gives one superiority or success (esp. when competing with others) 优势，好处 反义词：disadvantage 词组take advantage of利用（某人的处境，弱点等） ； 利用（机会等）= make use of have (give sb.) an advantage over （使某人）在方面辨析有利；胜过 have the advantage of 在某方面有优势 to sb.s advantage对（某人）有利 turn sth. to advantage使发挥作用，充分利用 例句 His British upbringing gives him certain advantages over other applicants. 他在英国成长受教育，这一背景使他比其他应征者略胜一筹。 He has the advantage of speaking four languages over others. 相比其他人，他有能说四门语言的优势。 The lawyers letter said she would hear something to her advantage. 律师的信上说她会听到对她有利的消息。 展开 advantageousadj. 有利的 adventureadventure dvent(r)dvent(r) n. unusual, exciting or dangerous experience or undertaking 冒险（性） ；冒险活动； 冒险经历；激动人心的活动（经历） ；奇遇 辨析adventure venture adventure 指如探险等一般性的冒险 venture 尤指在商业方面有风险的计划，投资，事业 his adventures in Africa他在非洲的冒险经历 He thought the venture far too risky and didnt want to become involved. 他认为这个计划风险性太大而不想参与。 展开 adventurous adj. 冒险的 adventurer n. 冒险家 adviceadvice dvasdvas n. opinion given about what to do or how to behave 建议，劝告 （不可数）a piece of advice 词组advise sb. to do sth.= try to persuade sb. to do sth. = try to persuade sb. into doing sth.建议某人做某事 ask sb. for advice向某人要建议 follow/ take ones advice听从某人的建议 give sb. some advice on sth.给某人提建议 it is advisable for sb. to do sth.。 。 。对某人来说是可取的 展开 advisev. 建议 advisable adj.明智的，可取的，适当的 affairaffair fe(r)fe(r) n.thing (to be) done; concern; matter 事情，事件；(pl.) 事务 词组 public affairs公事 private / personal affairs私事 national /state affairs国事 international affairs国际事务 family affairs家事 current affairs时事 辨析affairmatterbusinessevent incident affair 涵义最广，可指已经发生的或必须去做的任何事情，也可泛指事务（用作复数时，指重大的或头 绪较多的事情） ； matter 意为事情，指要考虑或处理的（小）事； money matters钱的事情 Whats the matter? = whats wrong? business 常指生意，商业，还可指任务，责任，正事； do business with与某人做生意 go into business经商 business hours 营业时间 mind your own business ( affairs ) 少管闲事 get down to business干正事 Its none of your business.不关你的事 Business is business.公事公办 event 指重大事情 historical event历史事件 track and field event田径赛 incident 指突发事件，事变或冲突 Xi an incident西安事变 border incidents边境事件 affectaffect fektfektvt. have an influence on (sb or sth.) 影响；（在感情方面）打动，震动; 假装 词组have an affection for喜欢。 。 。 set ones affections on钟爱某人 展开 effectn. 影响 affection n. 喜爱,慈爱 affectionate adj. 深情的 affectionately adv.深情地 affordafford fdfdv. have enough money, space, time etc for ( a special purpose) 提供；担负得起（费用） ；抽出时间 词组afford a holiday度假 afford the time/ expense抽出时间（支付费用） afford to do 能够做某事 afford sb. sth.提供某人某物 辨析affordoffersupplyprovide afford 供给，一般用于抽象名词，常用在 can, be able to 后； offer 主动提供，出价； offer sb. sth. 提供某人某物 offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 offer some money for sth.为某物出价 supply 供应，补给（缺乏或不足的东西） （一般指付钱的） ； supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.提供 The water works supply water to the people in this town. 水利工程给这个镇上的人们提供水。 provide 往往指免费提供。 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. We provide the children with money and clothes. 我们为孩子们提供钱和衣物。 afraidafraid fredfredadj. frightened 怕的（做表语用） 词组be afraid of be afraid to do sth. be afraid that clause害怕。 。 。 辨析 be afraid to do be afraid of be afraid to do 表示害怕不敢做，可以不做。是以人的意志为转移的。 be afraid of 表示害怕某事会发生。 是不以人的意志为转移的 The girl was afraid to go out at night. So she stayed at home. 这女孩晚上不敢出去，因此她呆在家里。 The boy was afraid of being scolded by his father for he failed in the final exam. 这男孩因期末考没通过害怕被他父亲责骂。 afteafterft(r)rft(r)later in time prep. /conj. /adv.在之后 词组after all毕竟，终究 after dark 天黑之后 after ones heart合心意的，投合的 ask after = inquire after问候 be after想得到，寻求， 追求 day after day ( year year)日复一日（年复一年等） go after追逐，追求，设法得到 look after 照顾，照看，照管 one after another一个接一个地 run after 追求，追捕，追赶 take after 长得像，性格上像 the day after tomorrow ( the week next )后天（在下一个星期） be named after 以命名 againagain enenonce more, another time adv. 再一次 词组again and again再三地，反复地 once again再次 now and again不时地，间或 all over again再次，重新 over and over again一再地 time and time again多次，一再地 againstagainst enstenstprep. in opposition to (反)对； 以为抵御对象；靠着； having as a background 衬着; as a defence or protection from 预防 词组against ones will (wishes)违反自己的意愿 be against反对 lean against斜靠着 例句 We sailed against wind.我们顶风航行。 There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有 20 张投票拥护他，有 12 张反对他。 The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 滑雪者红色的衣服在白雪的衬托下分外醒目。 We are all taking medicine against the disease. 我们都在服药防御这疾病。 ageage ededn. length of time that a person has lived or a thing has existed 时代；年龄 vi. grow old 变老，长大，老化 vt. 使苍老 词组at the age of在岁的时候 at ones age在这个年龄（岁数） be of the same age同龄 be of different ages不同龄 under the age of年龄在以下 be over age超龄 be under age未成年，不足龄 展开 agedadj. 有岁，年纪的，陈年的；年老的 My son is aged 10 years.我儿子十岁。 Tinka, aged eleven, was demanding that she be allowed to go to the movies twice a week. 十一岁的女孩 Tinka 要求一周看两次电影。 The sick and the aged need our help. 病人和老人需要我们的帮助。 the middle-aged中年人 agreeagree riri v. say yes 同意 词组agree with同意（+某人/ what 引导的从句/ ） ； （气候，食物等）适于的健康或体质 与相符，与相一致； agree to sth.同意（建议，命令，要求，安排） ； agree on/ upon表示双方在某一点上取得相同意见； agree to do sth.同意做某事。 agree +that clause 例句 Their story agrees with the facts. 他们的叙述与事实相符。 The climate doesnt agree with me. 这气候对我不相宜。 I agree with you on the plan. 我同意你对这个计划的观点。 I agree with what you said at the meeting 我同意你会上的发言。 We couldnt agree on the date. 关于日期，我们未能取得一致意见。 展开 agreeable adj.令人愉快的 = pleasant；（欣然）同意的，乐意的 agreement n. 协定，协议；同意 aheadahead hedhed adv. further forward in space or time adv. 在前 词组ahead of（指时间，空间）在之前 ahead of schedule（比原计划或规定时间）提前 ahead of time 提前，提早 go ahead 在前进，有进展；继续干，说下去 push ahead向前进，推行 例句 They began to push ahead with their new policy.他们开始推行他们的新政策。 aidaid eded vt. help 帮助，援助 n. 帮助，援助（不可数） ；助手，辅助用品（可数） 词组teaching aids教学设备 hearing aids助听器 audio and visual aids视听设备 food and medical aid食品和医疗帮助 come / go to ones aid来（去）帮助某人 first aid急救 辨析aidhelpassist help 常用语，其后可跟一个宾语和带 to 或不带 to 的动词不定式； aid 比 help 较正式，往往指帮助整体而言.他的宾语后接不定式或 in 加动名词都可； assist 正式用语，往往指帮助个体而言，着重表示“协助”之意。它更多使用的则是后接 in 加动名词结 构。 aimaim emem n. pur