苏教版六年级数学下册全册教案201201.doc

六年级数学集体备课教案these changes also led to new painting styles. among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the impressionists, who lived and worked in paris.the impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. they were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. however, because natural light changes so quickly, the impressionists had to paint quickly. their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. at first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. they said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.modern art (20th century to today)at the time they were created, the impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”. this is because the impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. there are scores of modern art styles, but without the impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. on the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using color, line and shape to represent them. on the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. these styles are so different. who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future? the best of manhattans art galleriesthe frick collection (5th avenue and e.70th street)many art lovers would rather visit this small art gallery than any other in new york. henry clay frick, a rich new yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the american people. frick had a preference for per-twentieth century western paintings, and these are well-represented in this excellent collection. you can also explore fricks beautiful home and garden which are well worth a visit.guggenheim museum (5th avenue and 88th street)this museum owns 5,000 superb modern paintings, sculptures and drawings. these art works are not all displayed at the same time. the exhibition is always changing. it will appeal to those who love impressionist and post-impressionist paintings. the guggenheim museum building is also world-famous. when you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you were inside a fragile, white seashell. the best way to see the paintings is to start from the top floor and walk down to the bottom. there are no stairs, just a circular path. the museum also has an excellent restaurant.metropolitan museum of art (5th avenue and 82nd street)the reputation of this museum lies in the variety of its art collection. this covers more than 5,000 years of civilization from many parts of the world, including america, europe, china, egypt, other african countries and south america. the museum displays more than just the visual delights of art. it introduces you to ancient ways of living. you can visit an egyptian temple, a fragrant ming garden, a typical room in an 18th century french house and many other special exhibitions.museum of modern art ( 53rd street. between 5th and 6th avenues)it is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. the collection of western art includes paintings by such famous artists as monet, van gogh, picasso and matisse. a few words of warning: the admission price is not cheap and the museum is often very crowded.whitney museum of american art (945 madison avenue, near 75th street)the whitney holds an excellent collection of contemporary american painting and sculpture. there are no permanent displays in this museum and exhibitions change all the time. every two years, the whitney holds a special exhibition of new art by living artists. the museum also shows videos and films by contemporary video artists.unit 2 a few simple forms of english poemsthere are various reasons why people write poetry. some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. others try to convey certain emotions. poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. in this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms.some of the first poetry a young child learns in english is nursery rhymes. these rhymes like the one on the right (a) are still a common type of childrens poetry. the language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. the poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. by playing with the words in nursery rhymes, children learn about language.hush, little baby, dont say a word, papas going to buy you a mockingbird.if that mockingbird wont sing, papas going to buy you a diamond ring.if that diamond ring turns to brass, papas going to buy you a looking-glass.if that looking-glass gets broke, papas going to buy you a billy-goat.if that billy-goat runs away, papas going to buy you another today.one of the simplest kinds of poems are those like b and c that list things. list poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. some rhyme (like b) while others do not (like c). i saw a fish-pond all on fire i saw a fish-pond all on fire, i saw a house bow to a squire, i saw a person twelve-feet high, i saw a cottage in the sky, i saw a balloon made of lead, i saw a coffin drop down dead, i saw two sparrows run a race,i saw two horses making lace, i saw a girl just like a cat, i saw a kitten wear a hat, i saw a man who saw these too,and said though strange they all were true.our first football matchwe would have wonif jack had scored that goal,if wed had just a few more minutes,if we had trained harder, if ben had passed the ball to joe,if wed had thousands of fans screaming,if i hadnt taken my eye off the ball,if we hadnt stayed up so late the night before,if we hadnt taken it easy,if we hadnt run out of energy.we would have wonif wed been better!another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain, a poem made up of five lines. with these, students can convey a strong picture in just a few words. look at the examples (d and e) on the top of the next page.(d) brother (e) summer beautiful, athletic sleepy, salty teasing, shouting, laughing drying, drooping, dreading friend and enemy too week in, week out mine endless(f) a fallen blossom (g) snow having melted is coming back to the branch. the whole village is brimful look, a butterfly! of happy children. (by moritake) (by issa)haiku is a japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables. it is not a traditional form of english poetry, but is very popular with english writers. it is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using the minimum of words. the two haiku poems (f and g ) above are translations from the japanese.did you know that english speakers also enjoy other forms of asian poetry tang poems from china in particular? a lot of tang poetry has been translated into english. this tang poem(h) is a translation from the chinese.with so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own. it is easier than you might think and certainly worth a try.where she awaits her husbandon and on the river flows.never looking back,transformed into stone.day by day upon the mountain top,wind and rain revolve.should the traveler return,this stone would utter speech. (by wang jian) ive saved the summer ive saved the summer and i give it all to you to hold on winter mornings when the snow is new. ive saved some sunlight if you should ever need a place away from darkness where your mind can feed. and for myself ive kept your smile when you were but nineteen, till youre older youll not know what brave young smiles can mean. i know no answers to help you on your way the answers lie somewhere at the bottom of the day. but if youve a need for love ill give you all i own it might help you down the road till youve found your own. (by rod mckuen)unit 3 advice from grandaddear james,it is a beautiful day here and i am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. i have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. it seems amazing that at my age i am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. its my birthday in two weeks time and ill be 82 years old! i think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life i live.this brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. believe me, i know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. you see, during adolescence i also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.by the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways? first, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. this means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. so when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. i remember feeling bed-tempered and sometimes even in pain. secondly, you become addicted through habit. as you know, if you do the same thing over and over again. you begin to do it automatically. lastly, you can become mentally addicted. i believed i was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so i began to think that i could only feel good when i smoked. i was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit. but i did finally manage.when i was young, i didnt know much about the harmful effects of smoking. i didnt know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your全册教材分析教学内容：理解百分数的意义，体会百分数与分数、小数的联系和区别，在具体情境中理解比例的意义和级别性质，认识成正比例和成反比例的量，让学生通过观察、操作、实验和简单推理，认识圆柱和圆锥的基本特征，探索并掌握圆柱和圆锥的体积公式以及圆柱表面积的计算方法；在具体的情境中，初步理解图形的放大和缩小，初步理解比例尺的意义，初步掌握用方向和距离确定物体位置的方法，并能应用这些知识和方法进行简单的操作或解决简单的实际问题。认识扇形统计图，初步体会扇形统计图描述数据的特点，能根据扇形统计图所呈现的信息提出或解决一些简单的问题；初步认识众数与中位数的意义。教学目标：知识与技能目标1.让学生经历应用百分数的知识解决生活中一些常见问题的过程，进一步理解百分数的意义，体会百分数与分数、小数的联系和区别，加深对方程思想方法的认识，提高解决相关问题的能力；在具体情境中理解比例的意义和级别性质，认识成正比例和成反比例的量，体会不同领域数学内容的内在联系，加深对相关数量关系的理解。2.让学生通过观察、操作、实验和简单推理，认识圆柱和圆锥的基本特征，探索并掌握圆柱和圆锥的体积公式以及圆柱表面积的计算方法；在具体的情境中，初步理解图形的放大和缩小，初步理解比例尺的意义，初步掌握用方向和距离确定物体位置的方法，并能应用这些知识和方法进行简单的操作或解决简单的实际问题。 3.让学生联系对百分数的理解，认识扇形统计图，初步体会扇形统计图描述数据的特点，能根据扇形统计图所呈现的信息提出或解决一些简单的问题；结合实例，初步认识众数与中位数的意义，会求一组简单数据的众数和中位数，初步体会众数、中位数和平均数等不同统计量的不同特点。4.让学生通过系统复习，进一步掌握数与代数、空间和图形、统计和概率等领域的知识和方法，进一步明确相关内容的发展线索和逻辑关联，加深对现实问题中数量关系、空间形式和数据信息理解，提高综合应用数学知识和方法能力。数学思考方面1.让学生在应用百分数解决相关问题的过程中，进一步培养分析、综合和简单推理的能力，提高用方程表示数量关系的能力，发展抽象思维，增强数感。2.让学生在认识圆柱和圆锥特征的过程中，丰富对现实空间的感知，进一步增强空间观念；在推导圆柱和圆锥的体积公式以及探索圆柱侧面积和表面积的计算方法的过程中，经历观察、猜想、实验、分析、验证和概括等活动，进一步培养合情推理与初步的演绎推理能力，发展形象思维。3.让学生在认识图形的放大和缩小、探索并理解比例的意义和性质，以及理解比例尺的意义和应用比例尺解决问题的过程中，进一步体会不同领域数学内容的内在联系，增强用数和图形描述现实问题意识和能力。4.让学生在根据方向和距离确定物体位置的过程中，进一步培养观察能力、识图能力和有条理地继续表达的能力，不断增强空间观念。5.让学生在探索并理解成正比例、反比例的量的过程中，初步体会数量之间相依互变的关系，感受有效表示数量关系及其变化规律的不同数学模型，进一步提升思维水平。6.让学生在认识扇形统计图以及众数、中位数的过程中，进一步感受数据的意义和价值，感受不同统计量的联系和区别，发展统计观念。7.让学生在系统复习的过程中，进一步体会知识间的联系和综合，加深对基本数学原理和方法的理解，培养比较、分析、综合、概括的能力，发展思维的整体性、灵活性和深刻性。解决问题方面1.让学生联系已有的知识和生活经验发现并提出一些数学问题，并主动用百分数、方程、正比例和反比例、圆柱和圆锥的体积公式、圆柱侧面积和表面积的计算方法、图形的放大和缩小、比例尺等数学知识和方法解决问题，进一步发展数学应用意识。 2.让学生在解决有关百分数、圆柱和圆锥体积计算、圆柱侧面积和表面积计算等实际问题的过程中，感受借助计算器解决问题的价值，进一步掌握分析和解决问题的基本方法，体会解决问题方法飞多样性。3.让学生能用比例、比例尺、正比例和反比例等知识解决简单实际问题的过程中，体会数形结合的思想对于解决问题的价值，进一步积累和丰富解决问题的有效策略。4.让学生在用方向和距离描述物体的位置，用扇形统计图和相关统计量解释数据信息、解答简单问题的过程中，进一步体会合作交流的重要性，提高合作交流的能力。 5.让学生在用转化的策略解决简单实际问题的过程中，进一步增强解决问题的策略意识和反思意识，培养根据所需解决问题的特点合理选择相应策略的自觉性和能力。6、让学生在系统复习的过程中，进一步提高综合应用数学知识和方法解释日常生活现象、解释简单实际问题的水平，进一步用不同方式、从不同角度探索解决问题方法的能力，发展创新意识和实践能力。 情感态度方面1.进一步感受数学思考的确定性和数学结论的严谨性，获得一些成功的体验，锻炼克服困难的意志。2.进一步培养认真细心的学习习惯，培养发现错误及时订正的良好习惯。 3.进一步感受数学价值，感受数学与生活的密切联系，不断增强学数学、用数学的自觉性。4.进一步了解有关数学知识的背景，体会数学的广泛应用，培养实事求是的科学态度和对社会的责任感。5.进一步感受自己在数学知识和方法等方面的收获与进步，发展对数学的积极情感，进一步增强学好数学的信心。教学重、难点教学重点：百分数的应用、圆柱的侧面积和表面积的计算方法、圆柱和圆锥的体积计算方法、比例的意义和基本性质、正比例和反比例、扇形统计图、转化的解题策略以及总复习的四个板块的系列内容。教学难点：圆柱和圆锥体积计算方法的推导、成正比例和反比例量的判断、用方向和距离确定位置、众数和中位数平均数、解题策略的灵活运用。全册课时安排：全册共安排72课时的教学内容，其中30课时的总复习。 百分数的应用 11课时 圆柱和圆锥 11课时 比例 7课时 确定位置 4课时 正比例和反比例 4课时 解决问题的策略 2课时统计 3课时 总复习 30课时第一单元百分数的应用教学内容：六年级（上册）“认识百分数”这个单元里，初步教学百分数的意义，用百分数描述部分与整体或两个同类数量间的倍数关系；教学了百分数与分数、小数的相互改写，解决简单的求一个数是另一个数的百分之几的问题。本单元在此基础上编排，通过应用百分数解决实际问题，进一步理解百分数的意义，体会百分数的广泛应用。日常生活和生产劳动经常应用百分数，如用百分数表示一个数量比另一个数量多或少的关系，又如利息与纳税的计算、折扣的设计与计算等。应用百分数解决问题可以列式计算，也可以列方程解答。这些都是本单元的教学内容。全单元的教学内容比较多，编排6道例题、四个练习以及全单元的整理与练习，大致分成五段教学。例1、练习一，求一个数比另一个数多百分之几（或少百分之几）。这一段是接着六年级（上册）求简单的百分率编排的。例2、例3、练习二，根据国家规定的税率和利率，计算应纳税金额和可得利息金额。这一段应用百分数的乘法解决实际问题。例4、练习三，解决有关折扣的问题，包括设计折扣和根据折扣求现价或原价的问题。这一段里有列方程解题，也有列算式解题，列方程求原价是重点。例5、例6练习四，列方程解决稍复杂的百分数问题或分数问题。在六年级（上册）“分数四则混合运算”里只教学稍复杂的求一个数的百分之几是多少的问题，已知一个数的百分之几是多少，求这个数的问题安排在本单元，由百分数问题带出。“整理与练习”综合全单元的知识内容，进一步应用百分数解决实际问题。教学目标:1以现实问题中百分数的意义为突破口，通过推理分析数量关系，探索算法。2把求一个数的几分之几是多少的经验，向求一个数的百分之几是多少迁移。3列方程解决已知一个数的百分之几是多少，求这个数的实际问题。课时安排：百分数的应用 11课时求一个数比另一个数多（少）百分之几的实际问题 2课时纳税问题 1课时利息问题 1课时打折问题 2课时列方程解决稍复杂的百分数应用题 3课时整理与练习 2课时总课题百分数的应用总课时11第 1 课时课题求一个数比另一个数多（少）百分之几的实际问题课型新授授课日期 月 日教学目标1、使学生在现实情境中，理解并掌握“求一个数比另一个数多（少）百分之几”的基本思考方法，并能正确解决相关的实际问题。2、使学生在探索“求一个数比另一个数多（少）百分之几”方法的过程中，进一步加深对百分数的理解，体会百分数与日常生活的密切联系，增强自主探索和合作交流的意识，提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。教学重点掌握“求一个数比另一个数多（或少）百分之几”的应用题的分析方法，并能够正确列式解答教学难点掌握“求一个数比另一个数多（或少）百分之几”的应用题的分析方法，并能够正确列式解答教学准备小黑板教学过程二次备课一、复习。1、说出数量关系式。红花比黄花多。（ ） =（ ）（ ）（ ）= 2、应用题一个乡去年原计划造林12公顷，实际造林14公顷实际造林是原计划的百分之几？3、求一个数是另一个数的百分之几用什么方法？解答这类应用题的要害是什么？二、教学例11、 出示例1,读题。分析题目中的两个已知条件，找出关键句。找出问题的数量关系式。师:通过小组研究，你们认为这道题应该怎样来解答?通过进一步的讨论和分析，帮助学生弄清解决这一问题的基本思路并对上述解法逐一作出判断。师:你认为做这道题的关键是什么?师:我们以前也运用过转化的方法吗?2、 小结：要求实际造林比原计划多百分之几，就是求实际造林比原计划多的公顷数相当于原计划的百分之几。 启发：根据上面的讨论，你打算怎样列式解答这个问题？ 学生列式计算后，进一步追问：实际造林比原计划多的公顷数是怎样计算的？要求4公顷相当于16公顷的百分之几，又是怎样算的？综合算式应该怎样列？3、 进一步引导：还有其他不同的想法吗？“根据两个已知条件，可以求出实际造林面积相当于计划的百分之几”，你会列式解答这个问题吗？三、教学“试一试”1、出示问题：原计划造林比实际少百分之几？启发：根据例题中问题的答案猜一猜，这个问题的答案是什么？学生作出猜想后，暂不作评价。提问：这个问题又是把哪两个数量进行比较？2、学生列式计算后讨论：这个答案与你此前的猜想一样吗？为什么不一样？3、比较试一试和例1。小结：“试一试”与例题中的问题都是把实际造林面积与原计划造林面积进行比较，但由于比较时单位1的数量不同，所以得到的百分数也就不同。四、补充练习（一）、生活中的百分数。师：生活中有没有这样的百分数呢？出示：中央电视台新闻联播片断：2001年中国进出口总额达到5098亿美元，比2000年的4670亿美元增长9.16。“青岛双星”当日收盘价比 昨日下跌2.61%。9.16% 和2.61%是怎样计算出来的？上海市劳动保障局市统计局公布：2005年上海职工平均月平均工资为2235元，比去年的2033元增长9.9。2004年度全市月平均工资为2033元，比上年的1847元增长10.1%； （二）分析下面每个题的含义，然后列出数量关系式1今年的产量比去年的产量增加了百分之几？2实际用电比计划节约了百分之几？3十月份的利润比九月份的利润超过了百分之几？41999年的电视机价格比1998年降低了百分之几？5现在生产一个零件的时间比原来缩短了百分之几？6十一月份比十二月份超额完成了百分之几？（三）只列式不计算1某校有男生500人，女生450人，男生比女生多百分之几？2某校有男生500人，女生450人，女生比男生少百分之几？3一种机器零件，成本从2.4元降低到0.8元，成本降低了百分之几？4一种机器零件，成本从2.4元降低了0.8元，成本降低了百分之几？5某工厂计划制造拖拉机550台，比原计划超额完成了50台，超额了百分之几？（四）思考:男生比女生多20，女生就比男生少（ ）（五）填空（1）8是10的（ ）% 10是8的（ ）%（2）10比8多（ ）% 8比10少（ ）%五、指导完成“练一练”1、要求学生自由读题。2、提问：你是怎样理解“2005年在读研究生的人数比2004年增加了百分之几”这个问题的？学生讨论后，要求他们各自列式解答。3、根据学生在解答过程中的表现，相机提问：计算中有没有遇到什么新的问题？学生提出问题后，引导他们自主阅读本页教材的底注，并组织适当的交流。六、指导完成练习一第1-3题1、练习一第1题:可以鼓励学生独立完成填空。如果有学生感到困难，可启发他们先画出相应的线段图，再根据线段图进行思考。2、练习一第2题:先让学生说说对问题的理解，再让学生列式解答。可提醒学生把计算的商保留三位小数。3、做练习一第3题。先鼓励学生独立解答，再通过交流让学生说清楚思考的过程。可提醒学生利用计算器进行计算。七、全课小结:通过本节课的学习，你学会了什么？求一个数比另一个数多（少）百分之几时，通常可以怎样思考？计算过程中还要注意些什么？总课题百分数的应用总课时11第 2 课时课题求一个数比另一个数多（少）百分之几的练习课课型练习授课日期 月 日教学目标1、帮助学生在不同的问题情境中巩固解决“求一个数比另一个数多（少）百分之几”问题的思考方法。2、进一步明晰“求一个数比另一个数多（少）百分之几”与“求一个数是另一个数的百分之几”这两类问题的联系与区别，加深对解决相关问题的基本方法的思考。教学重点掌握“求一个数比另一个数多（或少）百分之几”的应用题的分析方法，能够分析不同的情况，并能够正确列式解答教学难点掌握“求一个数比另一个数多（或少）百分之几”的应用题的分析方法，能够分析不同的情况，并能够正确列式解答教学准备小黑板教学过程二次备课一、复习引入。如何解决“求一个数比另一个数多（少）百分之几”的实际问题。你是怎样解决的？还有别的方法吗？二、练习：（一）分析下面的数量关系。1.男生人数比女生人数多百分之几2.实际超产百分之几（二）口答1100千克比80千克多百分之几？235人比40人少百分之几？（三）完成练习一的第4题。学生读题后独立解决。交流，说说你是怎样解答的？解答第（2）题时还有别的方法吗？比较这两题有什么不同？（四）完成练习一的第5题。先让学生独立解答，然后组织交流和比较。重点把第（2）、（3）题与第（1）题比较。（五）只列式，不计算。1、学校开展节电活动，十月份用电由计划的200度降低到120度，降低了百分之几？2、同学们参加达标活动，达到优的原有50人，现在增加了15人，增加了百分之几？3、十月份计划生产1000台机器，实际超额200台，超产了百分之几？可以适当加以分析。（六）对比练习。a组1、超市十月份营业额是25万元，比九月份增加5万元，增加了百分之几？2、菜地因干旱，今年产量是1200千克，比去年减产200千克，减产了百分之几？b组1、八月份用水5吨，九月份用水6吨，比八月份多百分之几？2、八月份用水5吨，九月份用水6吨，九月份是八月份的百分之几？（七）完成练习一第6题。指名学生读题，理解什么是“孵化期”。然后学生独立解答。交流检查正确率，帮助有困难的学生理解。（八）完成第7题。学生读题，说说你是怎样理解的？学生解答后交流思考过程。（九）完成第8题。学生独立解答。可以用计算器计算。完成后交流。（十）根据所给信息，选取条件和问题，编写题目并解答。今年造林40公顷去年造林32公