船舶油污水处置可行性研究报告1.doc

theme parks are not only amusing but also educational. take the polynesian cultural center (pcc) in hawaii for example. it not only shows visitors the polynesian way of life but also protects their skills and culture for the future. polynesia is the name given to many groups of small islands that are spread about the pacific ocean.the pcc is set in 42 acres of beautiful countryside where visitors can see seven different traditional polynesian island villages. villagers from many island communities come to show visitors their styles of dress and different customs. for example, you can see different skills of the villagers. you can learn how they make clothes from bark and how they climb very tall trees with their bare feet or see what kind of wedding ceremonies they have. they also tell you about their social customs and show you their cooking methods and their dances.their most important skill is boat-building, which allowed the islanders to explore all the islands in the polynesian triangle. we know that in their history they were sea travellers moving from island to island. they were able to find their way using the smell of the win, the movements of the fish and seaweed, and the height and direction of the waves. they were very clever sailors. now they use those boat-building skills to make long boats and show the races and the battles that they took part in long ago. all this helps keep the skills and the technology of the island people alive.必修五unit 1 john snow defeats “king cholerajohn snow was a famous doctor in londonso expert, indeed, that he attended queen victoria as her personal physician. but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. this was the deadly disease of its day. neither its cause nor its cure was understood. so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. john snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. he knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.he became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. the first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. a cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. the second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. from the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.john snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. so when another outbreak hit london in 1845, he was ready to begin his enquiry. as the disease spread quickly through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather information. in two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. he was determined to find out why. first he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. this gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. many of the deaths were near the water pump in broad street (especially numbers 16,37, 38 and 40) . he also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 broad street and 8 and 9 cambridge street) had had no deaths. he had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. he discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 cambridge street. they had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. it seemed that the water was to blame.next, john snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. he found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from london. he immediately told the astonished people in broad street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. soon afterwards the disease slowed down. he had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.in another part of london, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the broad street outbreak. a woman, who had moved away from broad street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. with this extra evidence john snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.to prevent this from happening again, john snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. the water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. finally “king cholera” was defeated. copernicus revolutionary theorynicolaus copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful christian church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. they believed god had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.the problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in the loop. others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. this was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. he had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. but only his new theory could do that. so between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.in 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. the changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. he also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. his friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but copernicus was cautious. he did not want to be attacked by the christian church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.certainly he was right to be careful. the christian church rejected his theory, saying it was against gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked. yet copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. his theory replaced the christian idea of gravity, which said things tell to earth because god created the earth as the centre of the universe. copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of isaac newton, albert einstein and stephen hawking.unit 2 puzzles in geographypeople many wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: england, wales, scotland and northern ireland. you can clarify this question if you study british history.first there was england. wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. now when people refer to england you find wales included as well. next england and wales were joined to scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to “great britain”. happily this was accomplished without conflict when king james of scotland became king of england and wales as well. finally the english government tried in the early twentieth century to form the united kingdom by getting ireland connected in the same peaceful way. however, the southern part of ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. so only northern ireland joined with england, wales and scotland to become the united kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the union jack.to their credit the four countries do work together in some areas(eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. for example, northern ireland, england and scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the world cup!england is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. the zone nearest france is called the south of england, the middle zone is called the midlands and the one nearest to scotland is known as the north. you find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the midlands and the north of england. although, nationwide,唐山市南堡开发区宇洋达污油水处理有限公司2万吨/年船舶污水处置项目可行性研究报告编制单位：中国中建设计集团有限公司天津分公司二一年六月前 言根据2008年2月28日、2008年6月1日起施行的中华人民共和国水污染防治法第第五十四条规定“港口、码头、装卸站和船舶修造厂应当备有足够的船舶污染物、废弃物的接收设施。从事船舶污染物、废弃物接收作业，或者从事装载油类、污染危害性货物船舱清洗作业的单位，应当具备与其运营规模相适应的接收处理能力”。唐山曹妃甸工业区宇洋船务代理有限公司是唐山曹妃甸港一家经工商局批准注册，海关、海事、边防、卫检等港口部门备案认准的从事船舶污染物、废弃物接收作业及外供的民营企业。该公司成立于2006年10月，主营业务包括国际船舶食品供应、国际船舶代理、国际船舶污油水回收、船舶生活垃圾回收、废旧金属回收、船舶清仓、船员接送（出租车服务）、船舶备品配件等业务的综合性船舶服务企业，业务领域涉及唐山曹妃甸港、京唐港、秦皇岛港、天津新港、黄骅港、青岛港、日照港、宁波等港口，现与中海集团、中远集团、万事达、天津远洋、天津中燃、秦皇岛远洋、河北远洋、浙江远洋等建立长期的合作关系。以前公司接收的大量船舶污油水和生活污水均交由其它有资质部门处置，费用较高，为此，唐山曹妃甸工业区宇洋船务代理有限公司抓住机遇，成立唐山市南堡开发区宇洋达污油水处理有限公司，新成立的公司拟投资2000万元，其中固定投资1800万元，在紧邻南堡经济技术开发区污水处理厂西侧建设2万吨/年船舶污水处置项目，其中污油水1万吨、船舶生活污水0.5万吨、油轮压舱水及洗舱水0.5万吨，同时按照市场规律及国家有关的行政许可，接收周边包括天津港、京唐港、秦皇岛港、曹妃店港的船舶油污水和生活污水、油轮压舱水及清洗水进行处置，为此编制唐山市南堡开发区宇洋达污油水处理有限公司2万吨/年船舶污水处置项目可行性研究报告第一章 总 论1.1 概述1.1.1项目名称唐山市南堡开发区宇洋达污油水处理有限公司2万吨/年船舶污水处置项目可行性研究报告1.1.2 可行性报告编制单位 ，法定代表人： 1.1.3编制依据及标准（1）中华人民共和国环境保护法（1989年）；（2）中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法（1996年）；（3）国家环境保护“九五”规划和2010年远景目标（国家环境保护局、国家计划委员会、国家经济贸易委员会，1996年）；（4）国务院关于环境保护若干问题决定（国发199631号）；（5）国家危险废物名录（中华人民共和国环境保护部、中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会，2008年）；（6）危险废物贮存设施控制标准（gb18597-2001）；（7）大气污染综合排放标准（gb162971996）；（8）污水综合排放标准（gb89781996）；（9）声环境质量标准（gb30962008）（10）工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准（gb12348-2008）；（11）南堡经济技术开发区城市发展规划（12）南堡经济技术开发区土地利用规划1.1.4编制原则（1）含油危险废物的综合利用资源化；最终处置无害化为基本原则。（2）实行从产生收集运输贮存处理及处置全方位有序控制。（3）依靠科学技术进步，全面提高危险废物处置水平。1.2 项目建设的必要性随着我国北方沿海地区国民经济的飞速发展，港口建设和交通运输业也得以飞速发展，港口船舶废弃物的产生量不断增加，主要包括船舶生活垃圾、生活废水、船舶压舱水、船舶清洗废水等，其中有的船舶清洗废水和船舶压舱水中含有大量的油，特别是载油船舱的清洗，其直接排放不仅污染环境，还造成油品资源的浪费，既不符合我国海事部门防治船舶污染海洋环境管理条例的相关规定，也不符合中华人民共和国水污染防治法的有关规定。建设唐山市南堡开发区宇洋达污油水处理有限公司2万吨/年船舶污水处置项目，完全按照国家的要求进行安全的处置，有利于强化危险物全过程监管，有利于对港口含油废物实施集中处理，防治污染，保护环境。目前我国北方港口每年产生的含油废水量近千万吨，而天津港、京唐港、秦皇岛港、曹妃店港的含油废水每年就达三百万吨。而附近目前符合要求的处置能力只有秦皇岛市碧建贸易有限公司、山船重工等等个厂家不足五十万吨的处置能力，绝大部分油污水没有按国家的相关环保要求进行处置，污染环境的同时，也制约着港口的经济发展。为满足附近其它港口含油废水处置的需要，在南堡开发区港口建设唐山市南堡开发区宇洋达污油水处理有限公司2万吨/年船舶污水处置项目是很有必要的。1.3处置厂址位置的确定根据危险废物的性质，综合考虑运输、管理等因素，唐山市南堡开发区宇洋达污油水处理有限公司2万吨/年船舶污水处置项目的选址应符合城市规划，避开城市和环境敏感地带，拟选择在南堡开发区污水处理厂西侧，地理位置的中心坐标为e1181024.2、n391429.4，运输条件好，处置过程中产生的废水处置方便、不影响该区域单位和个人的生产、生活，且该地块的8.8亩土地所有权已被唐山曹妃甸工业区宇洋船务代理有限公司所拥有。1.4主要经济指标表1-1 项目的主要经济指标序号工程和费用名称单位指标值1工程总投资万元20002年收入万元29003年总成本万元21834年营运利润万元7175年利税总额万元2716年税后利润万元4467投资回收年限年4.849投资利润率%22.311投资利税率%13.412投资内部收益率（firr）%31.21.5产业政策符合性本项目符合产业结构调整指导目录(2005年本)中“环境保护与资源节约综合利用”中的“危险废弃物处理中心建设”，在对含油废弃物进行处置的同时，回收油品资源进行利用，为鼓励类。第二章 建厂条件2.1南堡开发区的经济基础南堡开发区以加速建设新南堡为统揽，以打造曹妃甸西部发展核心区为主题，依托“大盐场、大碱厂、大油田、大港口”，做强海洋化工循环产业、加速东部新城崛起、全力打造特色港口，加快构筑海洋化工循环产业基地、加快构筑新型产业和现代服务产业基地、加快构筑临港产业基地，统筹推进经济、文化、社会和党的建设，努力把南堡开发区建设成为工业南堡、和谐南堡、滨海新城。 在港口港区开发上，立足与曹妃甸大型公共码头形成有效补充，启动西港池口门、防波堤、南堡盐场转型发展试验区道路、场地平整等工程，加快临港产业项目引进，实现港口港区同步规划、同步建设。在东部新城区开发方面，力争完成城市总体规划修编、沿海公路以南和西外环以东工业区控制性详规的编制工作，加快建设综合服务中心、职工公寓、职工团购房、开发区接待中心等一批重点工程，争取尽早投入使用。在基础设施建设方面，以提升综合配套能力为重点，实施道路及管网、河网工程，供水工程，电力工程和供热工程，预计完成投资30亿元。在产业聚集方面，坚持做强优势产业，培育新兴产业，加速结构转型，构建新型产业体系。在开放开发方面，创新招商引资方式、做优开放开发平台。发挥自身优势，利用两个市场、两种资源，以大开放实现大开发，以大开发推动大发展。2.2地理位置项目地处环渤海地区中心地带，北依燕山，南临渤海，位于唐山市南部，距市区 45公里，天津 80公里，北京 200公里。开发区交通发达，通讯方便，各类设施齐全，周边有天津新港、秦皇岛港、京唐港和即将建设的曹妃甸港，环渤海公路和将要建设的环渤海铁路都从本区通过，有正在修建的直达唐山连接京津的快速路，有直达天津的铁路，有功能完备的水、电、汽、讯、污水处理等配套设施。厂址东侧隔路为南堡开发区污水处理厂，南侧为冷冻厂，西侧和北侧均为闲置地。周围2公里范围内无居民区，2.3地形地貌开发区位于渤海滨海平原，地势低洼且平坦，地形特点为南北倾斜，地面坡度降为 0.14，海拔高程在 1.4 2.7m之间，规划区内的空地多为苇箔地和台田。2.4气象气候唐山市南堡开发区属暖温带滨海半湿润大陆性季风气候，年平均降雨量 573毫米，最高年降雨量为 1030毫米，最低年降雨量为 261毫米，降雨多集中在 7 9月，占全年降雨量的 65左右。年平均水面蒸发量 1378毫米，陆面蒸发量为 530毫米。年平均气温 11.9，最高气温 35.4，最低气温 16.3，最大冻土深度 0.7米。年主导风向西南风，夏季是西南风，冬季是西北风。2.5基础设施南堡经济开发区修建并完善了城市道路和城市管网，基础设施功能日趋完备。供水开发区年供水能力4200万吨，主要来自唐山陡河水库的地表水源和草泊水库的地下水源，并正在建设从唐海县平原水库到南堡经济开发区的年供水能力3000万吨的供水工程。供电区内建成南化220kv变电站一座，供电能力18万kva；京津唐电网110kv变电站一座，供电能力8万kva。区内已经形成较为完备的大交通体系，交通状况正在实现全方位的改善。在现有港口、铁路、公路网的基础上，海高速公路、唐曹高速等交通大动脉纵贯全区。雨水、污水排水管道已通达全区，河网化正在建设。2.6南堡开发区污水处理厂南堡开发区污水处理厂于2002年8月投入使用，收水范围为整个开发区，收水标准为：cod350mg/l、bod200mg/l、石油类 mg/l，处理工艺采用卡鲁塞尔氧化沟处理工艺，处理规模8万吨，排水标准为cod60mg/lbod20mg/l石油类 3mg/l。在运行中，通过工艺优化和科学管理，出水水质能够稳定达到一级b标准，其中每日2万吨的规模经深度处理后作为中水回用，为开发区的环境保护和水资源的循环利用提供有力的保障。第三章 处理工艺油污水油污水处理量为10000m3/a，含油废液主要由废柴油、废机油和船舶重油构成，其含油量大约在80%左右、含淡水在20%左右，经检验后，进入罐状油水分离器，加入破乳剂(主要成份为氯化钙、pac、pam)约占总质量的12%，对装入罐体的油污水采用型号为wns1-1.0-yq的燃气锅炉加热至50-70，同时通过气泵进行混合后，静置和降温6小时后实现油水分离，上层为分离出的油为重油，作为船舶燃料油或作为原料油外售给炼油厂。下层废水进入污水处理站处理，满足污水处理厂收水要求后进入污水处理厂做进一步处理。破乳剂在去除油类的同时，也去除大量有机物。燃料来自南堡开发区统一供给的天然气，每天用量根据含油浓度和温度不同，一般情况下为10002000m3/d。生活污水及压舱水、洗舱水废水燃气锅炉加热油污水油水分离器破乳剂静置分层化验分析上层油回收外售给炼油厂气浮固废固废污水处理站南堡污水处理厂船舶生活污水船舶生活污水为淡水，直接进入污水处理站进行处理或交南堡污水处理厂处理。船舶生活污水的处理量约5000m3/a。污水中主要污染因子cod 和bod5浓度分别为 300mg/l、200mg/l。船舶压舱水和船舱清洗水船舶压舱水和船舱清洗水一般情况下为海水，处理量约5000m3/a。该废水氯离子含量大约在18000mg/l，石油类约2500 mg/l，加强预处理除去石油类和悬浮物后，交附近盐厂去晒盐；或采用低温六效蒸发法蒸去水份，氯化钠结晶后售与三友化工厂，产生的水检验合格后可作为中水或直接进入东侧污水处理厂处理或作为净下水直接外排。根据山海关船厂采用“气浮+沉淀”的处理工艺对油污水处理后，油污水中石油类的排放浓度小于10mg/l，因此建议污水处理站首选该工艺。第四章 项目组成与总图布置4.1 项目组成项目主要由处置罐区、成品罐区、锅炉房、办公生活区和污水处理站组成，一次性建设完毕。所有贮罐均为圆桶形，采用内浮顶罐，内部底部形状设计成锥形，以利油水分离，占地和建筑面积见下表。其中处置罐区由2个800m3（d7m、h22m）、2个300m 3（d5m、h16m）、1个500m 3（d6m、h18m）的罐体组成，成品罐区由1个500m 3、2个300m 3的罐体组成，处置罐作为油水分离器，应产生考虑分离效果，故其高度/直径比应大于4，同时要考虑操作方便。各类罐要做好防雷防静电的处理。各类罐体均设液位计，采用自动阀门连锁控制。表4-1 工程的主要组成部分序号名称占地面积（m2）建筑面积（m2）1处置罐区800 m32100010002500 m33503503300 m324004004成品罐区500 m33503505300 m324004006锅炉房10101007办公楼（2层）501010008污水处理站400400合计350040004.2 总图布置4.2.1 设计原则 总平面布置根据城市规划、环保、消防、劳动、安全卫生等有关规范要求，按生产工艺流程，做到物流路线顺畅、便捷并合理利用原有厂房及各项设施。 近期建设与远期发展相结合，充分利用土地资源。一次规划，分期实施。总图功能分区合理，并符合消防、环保、安全卫生规定。 从实际和需求出发，根据生产规模测算面积。 竖向设计尽量考虑土方平衡并满足厂区公用管线敷设要求。4.2.2 总平面布置本项目建设场地基本呈近梯形，总用地面积为5920平方米，总建筑面积4000平方米。根据建设场址现状、生产管理及工艺的要求，拟将整个厂区分为办公生活区和生产区。因厂区东侧与南堡污水处理厂仅一路之隔，故在东侧沿南北向路设一个出入口，出入口南侧为办公生活区，布置办公及生活楼1座，内设变电室、食堂、浴室和锅炉房等。成品罐区位于厂内西侧，处置罐区位于厂内西北侧，锅炉房位于出入口北侧，污水处理站位于锅炉房北侧的三角部位。4.2.3 竖向布置厂区地形较为平坦，竖向设计采用平坡式。厂区道路环绿化带修建，结构为混凝土路面，宽为4米，兼做消防通道。道路转弯半径交叉口处为9米，地面水排除采用管道排水系统，地面水排向由道路汇集到雨水井，初期雨水期进入污水处理站处理，其它流入雨水管道、排至厂外。竖向标高与厂区周围道路的标高相适应，建筑物的室内标高一般高出室外场地0.20米。4.2.4 绿化整个厂区绿化方式以线、点、面相结合，在厂中心设一整体绿化带，为工厂创造出了花园庭院式环境。本次设计的厂区的周围规划有绿化带，此绿化不仅增加了绿化面积，同时绿化带下可布置厂区管网。本次绿化占地面积1180。4.2.5 总平面主要技术指标表4-2 总图主要布置指标表序号项目指标1占地面积（m2）59202建筑物占地面积（m2）35003总建筑面积（m2）40004建筑系数（%）605容积率（m2）686道路面积（m2）6007绿化面积（m2）11808绿化系数（%）20第五章 环境保护、工业卫生及安全生产5.1环境保护根据中华人民共和国环境保护法、水污染防治法、大气污染防治法、固体废物污染环境防治法，根据“建设项目环境保护管理条理：（1998年11月29日国务院第253号令）必须”三同时“的原则，搞好建设项目的环境保护设施建设。因此，搞好环境保护建设项目的环境保护，尤其显得重要。5.1.1 环境保护标准环境保护执行标准如下：（1）大气环境质量标准gb3095-96二级标准；（2）工业企业设计卫生标准gbz1-2002；（3）污水综合排放标准gb8978-1996二级标准；（4）大气污染物综合排放标准gb16297-1996二级标准；（5）声环境质量标准（gb30962008）3类标准；（6）工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准（gb12348-2008）类标准。5.1.2主要污染源及控制措施(1)废水废水主要为油水分离后产生的弃水，另有少量车辆冲洗水、地面冲洗水和生活污水。油水分离后的弃水，车辆冲洗水、地面冲洗水进入本厂污水处理站处理，满足污水处理厂收水标准后排入污水处理厂作进一步处理。初期雨水也排入污水处理站处理。(2)废气废气主要为燃气锅炉产生的废气，另有储油罐产生的无组织呼吸废气、污水处理站臭气和饮食油烟废气。(3)固体废物固体废物主要包括油水分离器底部的沉淀物、气浮产生的含油固体废物、污水处理站污泥及员工的办公和生活垃圾。含油固体废物交有资质单位进行处置。污水处理站污泥及员工的办公和生活垃圾交环卫部门处置。(4)噪声产生噪声的来源主要是工作时的各类泵，大多为间断性声源，采用减振降噪措施，保证厂界噪声达到国家有关标准的要求。(5)防渗措施对污水处理站、处置罐区地面进行防渗处理，以防对地下水的污染。(6)运输及装卸风险由于油污水在收集运输过程中因意外事故造成对环境的污染，因此购置专门的罐车运输，司机专门培训，车辆设专用标志。加强管理，文明装卸，对危险废物的收集转运人员进行专门知识培训，确保安全装卸。合理安排运输路线，尽量避免车辆在商业、居民密集区行驶。(7)事故池对可能发生的漏油事故所产生的废油及污水处理过程中可能产生的故障设置事故池（兼消防水池），容积大小为216m3。5.1.3环境监测环境监测的主要任务是编制和实施年度环境监测计划，对预处理基地和填埋场内部及周围环境进行例行监测，对外排废气、废水等污染进行监测，严格执行国家有关排放标准。监测分为对内的环境监测和对外环境定期监测。对内的环境监测包括废水处理设施进、排放口的监测，包括cod、bod、氯化物、石油类、ss的监测；废气主要是指排气筒外排气体中so2、烟尘含量监测；噪声源的监测等。对外环境定期监测包括周围地下水、土壤及相关作物、大气、噪声及环境敏感点等。具体按环保部门要求执行。5.2工业卫生及安全生产5.2.1采用标准（1）建设项目（工程）劳动安全卫生监察规定劳动部1997年1月1日；（2）职业性接触毒物危险程度分级gb5044-85（3）工业企业设计卫生标准；（4）工业企业厂内运输安全标准；（5）建筑设计防火规范gbj16-87 2001版。5.2.2安全防火由于本厂火源主要为油类，因此主要预防油类起火。虽重油的燃点和闪点较高而不易挥发，相对轻柴油和重油来说，火灾的危险性较小，但也要提高警惕，防火于未燃。一切电气设备均应采用防爆型的，或采取防爆措施。电动机应有良好的接地。贮罐应有完好的避雷装置。防止设备管道渗漏。厂区内严禁明火。厂内要有充足的消防水源和足够适应的消防器材，保证消防通道畅通。一旦发生火情，如容器口、管道起火，可利用石棉被、湿麻袋片捂盖窒息灭火；如果在管道或容器内起火，应在灭火的同时，迅速采取关闭有关阀门，以切断通往溶剂库或混合油槽的管道，控制火势，防止蔓延。如果容器或管道爆炸，燃料油大量外溢时，可以根据实际情况，配戴防毒面具或打开门窗通风，防止抢救人员中毒或防止连续爆炸。同时组织力量用水冷却受火威胁的容器，用砂土筑堤，防止易燃液体流散燃烧，集中力量利用相应的灭火器材灭火。发生火灾，组织自我扑救的同时，要立即向消防队报警。根据建筑设计防火规范，本工程室外消防给水量20l/s，室内消防给水量10l/s，火灾持续时间2小时，总用水量216m3。消防给水系统由216m3消防水池（兼事故池）、加压泵房、高位水箱、室外消火栓、室内消火栓及管道组成。5.2.3应急事故对策船舶油污水在转运和处理过程中要特别防止二次污染产生，特别是突发性的污染事故。本厂配备必要的通讯联络工具，应急器具和药剂，及时处理运输过程中突发性事故。5.2.4工业卫生及安全保护本厂是收集、贮存、处理、处置含油废水的工程项目，处理对象和处理过程产生的产品具有易燃、易爆等危险性，主要危害表现在生产、操作中接触性危害和突发性事故危害，因此为工作人员要采取劳动保护性措施，对突发性事故采取防范性措施。(1)劳动安全保护对本工程的管理人员、技术人员、操作工人等进行专业培训，其内容包括安全教育、劳动保护、应急技能等，考核合格后上岗。工作人员上岗，必须穿戴相应的安全防护帽、衣、手套、鞋等个人劳保用品。(2)生产防护油污水的收集要使用专门的有明显标志的容器，运输车辆采用专用车辆，并有明显的标志，配以必要的器具和联络设备。厂内设立事故池以防储罐破损造成泄露事故。成品储罐均设液位计，采用自动阀门连锁控制，避免液体外溢和泄露。第六章 原材料及产品的贮存和运输6.1船舶废水的接收用自备槽车在岸上分类接收油污水和生活污水、压舱水和清舱水，即把油污水和生活污水、压舱水和清舱水分别导入槽车运输至厂区。6.2船舶废水的贮存油污水由汽车运至厂内，采样化验后直接进入油水分离器，积累到近一罐时进行分离，其分离系统就是仓贮系统。生活污水、压舱水和清舱水按海水和淡水分别贮存和处置。6.3船舶废水的运输将各港口船舶所产生的油污水运到厂内，整个运输过程严格按照危险废物运输的有关规定进行，船舶生活污水和压舱水、清舱水可一般液体运输的