英语本科毕业论文-初中生英语口语培养途径研究.doc

本科毕业论文 初中生英语口语培养途径研究学生姓名： 学生学号： 200320207137 院（系）： 外国语学院 年级专业： 2003级英语本科5班 指导教师： 二七年五月a research into the ways to foster junior middle school students spoken english jiang danunder the supervision ofsun peng school of foreign languages and cultures panzhihua universitymay 2007 攀枝学院本科毕业论文 contentscontentsabstract.ikey words.i摘要.关键词introduction.1i. actuality of current oral english teaching in junior high school.2ii. the reasons of poor oral english .2a. the lack of the environment to speak english.2b. the lower qualities of english teachers.3c. the impact of test-oriented education.3. the ways to improve oral english.4a. things teachers can do.41. developing students interests and building up their confidence.42. having lessons in english persistently.53. using various teaching methods.54. creating language environment.65. encouraging students to speak english boldly.66. mastering the art of correction.77. paying attention to the four skills infiltration.7b. things students can do.81. overcoming psychological obstacle.82. forming correct attitudes and having appropriate learning strategies93. fostering english feeling by listening and speaking.94. accumulating vocabulary by extensive reading.105. self-practice.106. participating activities actively.10conclusion.12acknowledgements.13bibliography.14 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 abstractabstractfor a long time, english teaching in china has stressed the “instillation” of language, but neglected the application of language, especially the development of the spoken language ability. in recent years, in spite of the implementation of the new secondary english curriculum standards, the situation has not fundamentally changed. there are many problems aroused from, namely, the educational system, the teachers and the students themselves. this article probes into the actuality of current oral english teaching, poses some ways to improve the spoken english teaching according to the demands of the development. the paper emphasizes the change of the teaching activities from the teacher-centered to student-centered, and the teaching scene will be expanded mainly from the classroom to daily life, to develop students english competence. key words junior english; spoken english; ways i 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 摘要摘 要长期以来，中国英语教学强调语言知识灌输而忽视了语言的应用，特别是对英语口语能力的培养。最近几年，在执行新的中学英语课程标准后，情况也未得到根本改变。原因是多方面的，主要有来自教育制度方面的原因、有来自教师方面的原因以及学生自身的原因。本文对这三个方面原因做探讨，并依据时代发展要求提出改进英语口语教学现状的办法。文中强调在教学活动中将以老师为中心转化为以学生为中心，以课本为主线使教学材料更加生活化，发展学生的英语综合应用能力。关键词初中英语；口语；方法攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 introductionintroductionat present, there is a general phenomenon among the english majors that their ability of verbal communication falls far behind their basic knowledge and theory level. that is to say, they lack practical english application. they can hardly use what they have learnt in real life. according to a recent survey, only 4 percent of students who major in english can speak and use english to communicate efficiently after graduation from colleges. this formation of phenomenon and trend are not transient, nor accidental, but long-term and inevitable, because we have been influenced by the test-oriented education and “instillation” teaching methods, which dates back to junior high school english teaching.in china, students mainly study english formally and systematically at the junior high school. this stage is crucial to train students spoken english; it also has a significant impact on students later development.students ability in spoken english is mainly fostered in junior high school. first of all, students may easily overcome psychological barriers at early period. in the second place, a new concept may come into being language is used to communicate and convey information. thirdly, students elementary communicative skills are cultivated at this stage, and the learning lays a solid foundation for later study. 11攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 body. actuality of current oral english teaching in junior high schoolnowadays english plays an important role in chinese peoples life and work. its function is more and more prominent. at present, more than 300 million chinese people are learning the language, but how many people have learnt it well? and why is it so? for a long time, english teaching in china has been over emphasizing scores, but neglecting proficiency, especially the cultivation of spoken english. excellent students are always measured by getting high marks in exams. so most parents, teachers and students pursue high marks blindly by all kinds of means, which cause many problems: cheating in exams can never be restrained by any rules; teaching is always carried out around the exams; application of english is always neglected.as for the teaching mode, teachers have been adopting “instillation” and neglecting “application”. the classroom has been “teacher-centered”, so students have to take in passively. so some students are excellent in grammar, vocabulary, but poor in oral english.recent years, china carries out a series of reform on junior english teaching, and spoken english teaching is concerned widely. in addition, the new teaching materials also lay emphasis on spoken english, and teachers, to some degree, stress the training of language application. but there is little progress in spoken english, and the present condition is still unsatisfactory. the reasons of poor spoken english at presentin china, the number of english learners is increasing, but few people can study it well and use it freely. there are three main reasons for it.a. the lack of the environment to speak englishbernard spolsky listed 74 conditions for second language learning. condition 42 talked about the number of speakers condition: the number of people who speak a language as a first or second language influences the desire of others to learn it. condition 48: linguistic condition prefers to learn a language when(a)you desire the social approval of its speakers, and/or(b)you see strong value in being able to communicate with its speakers, and/or(c)there are no social norms providing other methods of communicating with speakers of that language, and/or(d)your learning is reinforced or encouraged by speakers of the language.condition 45 official use condition: prefer to teach or learn a language which is officially used or recognized.one of the biggest obstacles for chinese students to learn english is the lack of language environment. they study in a single environment chinese context. they seldom have a chance to use english or to practice english except several english classes every week. many students cant see the strong value in being able to use it to communicate. in most cases their listening and speaking cannot be revised, consolidated and applied out of class, so this language environment impacts the development of speaking.b. the lower qualities of english teachersas is known to all, nowadays our teaching material “new standard” english emphasizes the application and communicative competence, although the book is changed but many teachers mind and teaching method dont change. whats worse, some teachers are not trained. they lack some basic research on teaching method and teaching thought. some are at moderate english level; it is hard for them to express the rhythm and intonation of english and to organize teaching in english efficiently.c. the impact of test-oriented educationthe goal of teaching and the goal of learning, to some degree, are impacted by exams, and the exams themselves emphasize memorizing, but neglect application of language. the main purpose of chinese students studying english is to apply it and communicate. therefore, english teaching should be like this: studying is for application; teaching is for learning; examinations are for application, the goal of exam is to promote teaching and learning. mr. tao xingzhi opposed to overemphasizing the result of the exams and the proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade. many teachers have this experience: in class, when something about the custom in the western countries is introduced, the students are very interested in it, so the teacher talks more so he cant finish the content prepared beforehand. after class, the teacher is regretful for he has “wasted” much time on it, because it is not required in the syllabus. he didnt “grasp the main point”. from this we can see how deeply the test-oriented education has affected english teaching in junior high school. .the ways to improve oral english a. things teachers can do middle school is the elementary stage for studying english. before it most students have little knowledge or touch on it, so students can be shaped easily. the first step is very important. it is generally believed that teachers play a very important role in teaching at elementary school. at this stage, the students psychology, physiology, intelligence and mind are not mature, and their cognitive ability and ability of constructive knowledge are not strong, and they cant study independently (mo lei,2005), so the teachers teaching is very important, especially the teaching methods.as english teachers, they should adjust their teaching methods in the new situation. spoken english shouldnt been neglected by teachers as well as students at the initial phase. so teachers should intensify oral practice in class. however, carrying out oral english teaching, to some degree, is difficult. according to psychologists, teenagers have little interest in materials without any difficulty; on the other hand, they lose heart if the material is too hard for them. as a result, teachers have to choose appropriate ways to practice oral english, and the teachers should control and hold the “degree” and add difficulties little by little.1developing students interests and building up their confidence as the old saying goes, “interest is the best teacher”. they are very interested in english when students touch it at the first time while they open the textbook, find the pronunciation of 26 letters is very similar to chinese pinyin. they are so excited, thinking it is very simple, and then pronounce them according to the pronunciation of pinyin. at this moment, as teachers you dont correct their pronunciation right now. if you correct it immediately, you prevent their enthusiasm. we know that the premise of speaking is listening. so you can write 26 letters on the blackboard, at the same time you play english alphabetical songs several times, and then tell some interesting stories. although students cannot understand the meaning, most of them listen carefully, and then imitate the pronunciation which appears repeatedly in the stories, such as dog, cat, apple, book and so on. at the moment, they are aware of the different pronunciation between english and chinese pinyin. studying phonetic well is the key of oral english. so at the beginning of english study, interest is very significant, the teacher should cultivate and keep it, help students have a correct understanding and conception of english, encourage them to study hard and help students build up confidence.2. having lessons in english persistentlyit is very important to organize the class in english and teach english in english; it can also be said, it is the key of success or failure of english teaching. on one hand, teaching english in english improves listening, provides plenty of chances to practice spoke english which is convenient for students oral imitation. it stimulates students desire to speak english. on the other hand, the advantage of having lessons in english is to reinforce the input of the language. from listening to the teacher, students learn phonetics, intonations and also learn many basic sentence structures and daily words which can hardly be found in the textbook, but they are useful to students. 3. using various teaching methodsmonotonous and dull ways will make the teaching boring and tedious. various teaching ways could arouse and stimulate students interest, so the teachers should verify their teaching methods, at the same time ensure the efficiency in which the teacher can help students study easily and relaxed. the teacher can play an english song, tell an english story or carry out free talk and daily talk which are very close to students life in several minutes at the beginning of the class. it is generally believed the several minutes before class have an important influence on the whole class for children. so the teacher should make good use of the several minutes to attract the students attention, so the children have an active mind when they have lessons.moreover, teachers can use multi-media, objects or pictures, which can make the class interesting and relaxing. in the modern society the computer and the internet are not mysterious; they are just a commonplace and they are useful, helpful and convenient tools for study. the teacher can play some english cartoon movies. there are several merits to play english cartoon movies. firstly, they arouse students interest, because most students like them, thus they dont think studying english is boring; secondly, it is good for students to grasp correct pronunciation, and get familiar with some standard expression and sentence structures. the last, from cartoon movies, students can learn some cultures from western counties, developing cultural consciousness. we know that there are so many daily phrases and sterling expression in the films; it is a useful way to accumulate vocabulary, practice listening and intensify oral english.furthermore, the teachers also adopt some activities, such as games, performances, dialogues, role-plays and so on. these activities not only ensure oral english practice but also activate class atmosphere and prompt cooperation among students. but when teachers design activities they must adjust teaching activities to teaching contents. otherwise, it wastes time and gets opposite effect.4. creating language environmentthe biggest obstacle for chinese students to learn english is the lack of language environment. they seldom have chance to touch english, so the teacher should create and provide enough room for students as follow:keep speaking english in the english class; communicate with students in english as often as possible both in class and out of class.play some english songs, movies or play broadcast and english tv program often.set up “english corner”, so every student has chance to speak english.put up some english slogan such as: where there is a will, there is a way.5. encouraging students to speak english boldlywhen the students have learnt some words and expressions, there is some english input, then students have desire to speak, to express. at this moment, the teachers encourage them to speak, speak aloud, whether they speak incorrectly or correctly and influently or fluently. at least, they stride over the first step, overcoming psychological obstacle. the teacher encourage students to use english to greet each other, to borrow things, to make phone calls, to thank somebody or apologize to somebody. as long as students dare to speak english, to express their mind and feelings at the initial phase, the teacher should encourage them. so students will be full of confidence. 6. mastering the art of correctionspeaking a foreign language is not easy; it is inevitable that we all make mistakes. when students grow older, they care a lot about their face and dont want to be laughed at by others in class. therefore it is important for the teacher to create a relaxed and supportive environment. we know that when students first speak english, they are very shy and timid, so when the students speak english at the beginning the teachers cannot be too strict with the correctness of their pronunciation; the teacher should correct it with a kind attitude. otherwise, it can destroy their confidence and hurt their enterprise. only when students feel confident and comfortable to speak, will they participate actively in the activities and tasks you design for them, and only by more participation and more practice can they improve their speaking fluency.7. paying attention to the four skills infiltration some people believe that emphasis on the application of language just ignores the basic knowledge of language. this is a wrong view. the application of language is examination and consolidation of basic knowledge. the teacher can play english songs, stories or texts in 5 minutes at the beginning of the class at the elementary phase. listening with consciousness, the brain is stimulated by exterior information; aural memories activate an