现代大学英语精读6 课后答案 LESSON FIVE.doc

lesson five the one against the many一个对多个.vocabularya. look up the following words and phrases. select the meaning that best suits the sentence in which each appears:1. to approach: to begin dealing with; to adopt a method for attaining a goal or purpose2. faith: complete ,unquestioning acceptance of something3. philosophical commitment: dedication to abstract thought-out principles4. to report: to give an account (of); to describe5. intelligences: bright, perceptive people6. to condition: to affect, modify or influence7. to translate: to transform or convert8. temper: a frame of mind; character9. free: (of a person) able to act at will; not under compulsion or restraint10. to betray: to lead astray; to deceive. explain the following in your own words, bringing out any implied meanings:1. as a nation, america has refused to cling to certain rigid priciples concerning social and economic development. america has been adaptable and flexible.2. no one can say that americans have never been tempted by the approach of understanding, preserving or transforming the world according to rigid dogmas.3. a mind influenced by calvinist theology would surely find it somewhat difficult to resist other ideological temptations to ideological thinking.4. pragmatism is not completely free from abstract ideas just as ideology is not completely free from experience, that is to say, abstract ideas have a place in pragmatism just as experience has a role in ideology.5. as a man following a fixed set of beliefs, jefferson is only an interesting historical figure. his beliefs are out of date and are irrelevant to present day reality.6. the essence of the dogma is put in the hands of a few priests who can never go wrong.7. in this universe a person whose mind is unconstrained may be able to discover relative truths but no man on earth can claim that he has already grasped the one and only truth.8. ideology has the characteristic of a narcotic. in spite of the fact that it has been proved wrong many times by experience, people still long to commit themselves to ideology.9. the only thing that is sure of a despotic system is the unrestricted exercise of power.10. the most outstanding achievement of humanity is they know that no matter how hard they try, they cannot achieve absolute truth, yet they continue to make great efforts and refuse to give up. translate the following into chinese:a. phrases1. 人的尊严2. 智力提高3. 生产资料4. 代议制政府机构5. 教条式的偏见6. 分析问题的理论体系7. 一系列必须遵循的主张8. 僵硬的经验理论9. （由于信仰教条的原因）使选择的范围变得十分狭小10. 宿命论的历史观11. 封闭的世界12. 丰富的、永不停地的人类生活13. 独自掌握了绝对真理14. 自由思想不受约束的交流15. 铁板一块的世界b. sentence1. 美国的经验在许多方面都是独特的。2. 这个国家有着得天独厚的优势主要是人口相对稀少而资源十分丰富。3. 它源于对思想原则的信仰，而不是出于对经济利益的追求4. 我们发现民主是使人的才智得到充分施展、人的能量得以充分发挥的最好方式。5. 在意识形态体系与经验主义斗争的历史上，意识形态体系曾吸引了人类历史上一些聪明绝顶的人物6. 在她处于最佳时期时，美国可以说超越了所有的意识形态体系。7. 政府管得越少越好8. 说实在的，杰斐逊一生在意识形态体系上所做的努力与他的性格是相矛盾的。他的性格特征基本上是灵活的