考前100天2015中考英语基础语法（九）动词的时态和语态.docx

（九）动词的时态和语态01 命题趋势 考标导向化近几年对动词的时态考查主要集中在对一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时六种主要的时态上；对动词被动语态的考查主要以一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态为主。02 定义 概念清晰化动词的时态指的是谓语动词用来表示动作或情况发生时的各种动词形式。英语中一共有16种时态，但在初中阶段常考的时态有以下9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、过去将来时。考查重点集中在一般现在时在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的用法、终止性动词在现在完成时中不能与for，since短语或从句连用、have been to与have gone to的用法以及在具体语境中动词的用法等。动词的语态是表示句子主语与谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式。英语中的动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示的主语是动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是中考中的必考内容之一，其中考查的重点是一般现在时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。03 知识归类 知识网络化动词的时态分类图解分类谓语形式用法一般现在时1.动词原形2.主语是单数第三人称，谓语加-s,-es1.表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态。2.描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。3.在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。一般过去时动词的过去式1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2.表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。3.用于虚拟语气中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。一般将来时1.will/shall+动词原形2.be going to+动词原形1.be going to和will表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。主语一般是人。2.be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。主语可以是人也可以是物。3.在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时来代替将来时。4.一些表示位移的动词，如go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move等，常用现在进行时表将来。现在进行时am/is/are+动词的现在分词1.表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作。2.与always, usually等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。过去进行时was/were+动词的现在分词表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。现在完成时have/has+动词的过去分词1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。2.表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“for+时间段”或“since表示过去的时间点或时间段”连用。注意：1.现在完成时和一般过去时都可表示过去发生的动作，但现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果或表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，强调的是现在的情况；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，不和现在发生关系。2.终止性动词在现在完成时中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用。过去完成时had+动词的过去分词1.表示在过去某一时间或某一动作以前发生或完成的动作，它所表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。2.表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。过去将来时1.would+动词原形2.was/were going to+动词原形，常用于宾语从句中表示在过去看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。特例清单1.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：well have a picnic if it is fine next sunday.如果下个星期日天气晴朗，我们将去野餐。ill call you as soon as i get to beijing tomorrow.我明天一到北京就给你打电话。2.某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语)。这类动词有：begin, come, go, leave, start, arrive, end, stop, open, close等。如：the meeting begins at 2:00 p.m. tomorrow.这个会议明天下午2点开始。the next train leaves at 7 oclock this evening.下一列火车将在今晚7点离开。3.现在进行时与always, continually, forever等副词连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，这种用法往往表达说话人的某种感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。如：the rich woman is always laughing at the poor.这个有钱的夫人总是嘲笑穷人。4.现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for, since等引导的时间状语连用。如与一段时间连用，要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。常见的变化有：非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbe openclosebe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe heregobe therefinishbe overdiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldput onwearget upbe upwake upawakefall asleepbe asleeplosenot havejoinbe inleavebe awayarrive/reachbe如：误:ive left this school for ten years.正:ive been away from this school for ten years.【题组训练】一般现在时与一般过去时( )1.(2014徐州)what a surprise to see you here! when _ you _back?a.do;get b.did;getc.have;got d.will;get( )2.(2014十堰)have you finished using my dictionary?yes，i put it back on your desk just now.who _ it away?a.will take b.is takingc.took d.has taken( )3.(2014北京)what do you often do at weekends?i often _ my grandparents.a.visit b.visitedc.have visited d.will visit( )4.(2014河南)are you going anywhere?i _ about visiting my sister，but i have changed my mind.a.think b .have thoughtc.will think d.thought( )5.(2014云南)if there _ no buying and selling of animals，there will be no killing in nature.a.is b.will be c.has d.will have现在进行时与过去进行时( )6.(2014十堰)the book store _ a big sale. the books there must be very cheap now.sounds great. lets go into it and have a look.a.will have b.hadc.is having d.was having( )7.(2014北京)what were you doing when we were playing basketball yesterday afternoon?i _ the classroom.a.was cleaning b.have cleanedc.will clean d.clean( )8.(2014河北)someone _ at the door.can you open it?a.knocks b.knockedc.is knocking d.was knocking( )9.(2014孝感)i was at the cinema at 8 oclock last night.what about you?i _ the internet at home.a.am surfing b.surfedc.will surf d.was surfing( )10.(2014来宾)would you mind turning down your music player?everybody _now!im sorry.ill do it right now.a.sleep b.sleptc.is sleeping d.are sleeping一般将来时与过去将来时( )11.(2014河北)im busy now. i _ to you after school this afternoon.a.talk b.talkedc.will talk d.have talked( )12.(2014天津)robots _more heavy work for us in the future.a.will do b.didc.have done d.were doing( )13.(2014铜仁)there _ a sports meet in our school next week.a.is b.will havec.are d.will be( )14.(2014河南)does this bus go to the beach?no.you _ the wrong way.you want the number 11.a.go b.were goingc.are going d.would go( )15.(2014丽水)hurry up! the sky is covered with black clouds. im afraid it_ .a.rains b.is going to rainc.rained d.was raining现在完成时与过去完成时( )16.(2014宁波)are you surprised at the ending of the movie?no，because i _ the story.a.read b.will readc.have read d.was reading( )17.(2014滨州)jim isnt in the classroom.where is he now?he _ the library.a.will go to b.has been toc.has gone to d.goes to( )18.(2014泰安)can you find our city _ a lot in recent years?yes.the road is wider and the buildings are taller.a.has changed b.changesc.changed d.will change( )19.(2014南京)lily，why are you still here?school is over for half an hour.because i _ my task yet.i still need one more hour.a.wont finish b.didnt finishc.havent finished d.hadnt finished( )20.(2014随州)i wonder when you _ the new watch.well，i _ it for two weeks.a.have bought;have hadb.bought;have boughtc.bought;have hadd.have bought;have bought被动语态的构成分类图解时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词the flowers are often watered by her.一般过去时was/were+动词的过去分词a farm was visited yesterday by us一般将来时will/shall + be+动词的过去分词some trees will be planted this week by her.现在进行时am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词a novel is being read by him.现在完成时have/has been+动词的过去分词his rooms have been cleaned by him.过去进行时was/were being+动词的过去分词his rooms were being cleaned by him then.过去完成时had been+动词的过去分词his rooms had been cleaned by him then.过去将来时would/should be+动词的过去分词his rooms would be cleaned by him the next day.含情态动词情态动词+be+动词的过去分词your homework must be finished in time.特例清单1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如：this kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。the kind of shirts sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：school uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。the cake smells delicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。【题组训练】( )21.(2014北京)a new hospital _ in my town next year.a.builds b.builtc.is built d.will be built( )22.(2014河南)when tim _ why he was late for school，he just kept silent.a.was asked b.askedc.was asking d.is asked( )23.(2014梅州)i cant understand what the book is about because it _ in english.a.writes b.will writec.will be written d.is written( )24.(2014镇江)dont forget to come to our school assembly(集会)tomorrow morning.i wont. i _ just now.a.reminded b.was remindedc.reported d.was reported( )25.(2014益阳)have you moved into the new house?not yet.the rooms_ .a.are painting b.have been paintedc.are being painted几种特殊的被动语态的用法分类图解种类构成例句主动语态中省去to的动词变为被动语态时，省去的to要加上。the workers were made to work 12 hours a day.含双宾语的动词把指人的宾语变为主语时，指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后；指物的宾语变为主语时，指人的宾语前要加相应的介词。i was given a present.a present was given to me.含短语的动词短语是“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”时，变被动语态时，介词、副词不能丢。the young man was sent away from school.【题组训练】( )26.(2014内江)the students in this school are made _ school uniforms on monday.a.to wear b.wearing c.wear d.worn( )27.(2014随州)mary was heard _ just now.what happened?joe was telling her some jokes.a.cry b.laughc.to laugh d .to cry( )28.(2013呼和浩特)if you see the cartoon film，you will _ laugh.a.be made b.be made toc.make to d.make( )29.(2013连云港)clark，your room is really in a mess. it needs _.sorry，mum. ill do it at once.a.clean b.cleanedc.to clean d.to be cleaned( )30.(2012阜康)the old over 90 _ not only by their family but also by the government in many places.a.is looked at b.are taken good care ofc.are taken good care d.is looking after04 整合集训 反馈层级化动词的时态( )1.do you like the skirt?yes.it _ soft.a.is feeling b.feltc.feels d.is felt( )2.what does your sister like doing in her free time?she _ watching tv.a.likes b.likedc.has liked d.had liked( )3.do you know if_ back next week? if he _ back,please let me know.a.he comes;will comeb.will he come;comesc.he will come;comesd.will he come;will come( )4.may i see mr.lin,please?well,im afraid hes not in at the moment.i think he _ back soon.a.came b.has comec.will be d.was( )5.look at those big black clouds.it _ rain.lets hurry.a.must b.willc.would d.is going to( )6.dont talk loudly here.my little baby_ .a.has gone out b.is sleepingc.sleeps d.went to school( )7.have you read a book called jane eyre?who _ it?a.writes b.has writtenc.was writing d.wrote( )8.your e-mail address again? i _ quite catch it.hul 23 .a.dont b.cantc.didnt d.wont( )9.oh,mrs king,your necklace looks nice.is it new?no,i _it for two years.a.had b.have hadc.bought d.have bought( )10._ to the united states?no,never. but i went to canada a few years ago.a.have you been b.have you gonec.did you go d.will you go( )11.are li yan and wang mei still living in ningbo?no,they _ to shanghai.a.had moved b.movedc.will move d.have moved( )12.do you know the man over there?yes.i _ him several times since last month.a.see b.sawc.have seen d.had seen( )13.what do you think of my answer to the question?sorry.whats that?i _about something else.a.thought b.am thinkingc.had thought d.was thinking( )14.amy,i called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered the phone.oh,i _ a walk with my mother at that time.a.take b.tookc.am taking d.was taking( )15.did you see henry at the party?no,he _ by the time i got there.a.left b.was leavingc.had left d.has left( )16.what is the weather like today?it is cloudy. and i think it _.a.was raining b.is going to rainc.is raining d.rained( )17.my sister will go to hainan tomorrow.ill see her off at the airport.oh,when_ her plane _?a.did;take off b.does;take offc.has;taken off d.was;taking off( )18.it _ over sixty years since the peoples republic of china was founded.a.was b.had beenc.is d.will be( )19.dont make any noise.we _ to a piece of wonderful music at the moment.a.will listen b.are listeningc.listen d.have listening( )20.i saw her smoking in the restaurant yesterday afternoon.but she seldom_.a.smokes b.had smokedc.smoked d.is smoking( )21.i used to love this film when i was young,but i _ it that way any more.a.dont feel b.didnt feelc.havent felt d.hadnt felt( )22.was kate happy to see her old friends yesterday?yes,she was.she _ them for a long time.a.didnt see b.wouldnt seec.hasnt seen d.hadnt seen( )23.has your mother finished her report?sorry,i dont know.she _ it this morning.a.is writing b.wrotec.writes d.has written( )24.why are you in such a hurry,mike?there _ an nba game in ten minutes.a.will have b.will bec.is going to have d.are going to be( )25.jenny wants to know if you _ a hiking trip tomorrow.of course we will.but if it_ ,well visit the space museum instead.a.will go on;will rain b.go on;rainsc.will go on;rains d.go on;will rain( )26.whats that terrible noise?the neighbors _ for a party.a.have prepared b.are preparingc.prepare d.will prepare( )27.when did the meeting begin?at four oclock.it _ for 15 minutes.a.was on b.beganc.has begun d.has been on( )28.li kai,hand in your homework,please.oh,sorry.i _ it at home this morning.a.was leaving b.have leftc.had left d.left( )29.how was your day off?pretty good! i _ the science museum with my classmates.a.visit b.visitedc.am visiting d.will visit( )30.where _ you _ lunch?at home.there was no school lunch.a.did；have b.are；havingc.will；have d.do；have动词的语态( )31.boiled water _ for free here in the daytime.a.offer b.offeredc.is offering d.is offered( )32.what a nice room!yes.it _ every day.a.cleans b.cleanedc.has cleaned d.is cleaned( )33.dad,please open the door. it_ .ok,dear.i am coming.a.locks b.lockedc.is locked d.was locked( )34.mrs johnsons funny story _ by everyone who heard it.a.laughed at b.was laughedc.laughed d.was laughed at( )35.i believe that those mountains _ with trees in a few years.a.are covered b.will be coveredc.are covering d.will cover( )36.necessary action _ so that students can be safe at school.a.can be taken b.may be takenc.must be taken d.might be taken( )37.did you go to jims birthday party?no,i _.a.am not invited b.wasnt invitedc.havent invited d.didnt invite( )38.please dont stand up in class until you_ .a.were told to b.are told toc.were told d.are told( )39.when _ the car_ ?sorry,i dont know.a.does;invent b.did;inventc.was;invented d.was;inventing( )40.do you have any problems if you _ this job?well,im thinking about the working time.a.offer b.will offerc.are offered d.will be offered( )41.students _ not to use mobile phones in our school now.a.ask b.askedc.are asked d.were asked( )42.god,your classroom is so dirty.we