英美概况UK-1 THE COOUNTRY (2)_PPT英语课件下载.ppt

人教版高中英语 系列优秀课件 the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland lecture lecture 1 1 geography geography (2)(2) english speaking countries i.different names for britain and its parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 ii.geographical features 英国的地理特征 iii.rivers and lakes 河流与湖泊 iv.climate 气候 wwhats for iii. rivers and lakes，mountain 河流与湖泊 ben nevis is the highest mountain in britain (1,343m). 本尼维斯山为英国最高峰，海拔1,343米。 ben nevis, in scotland, is the highest point in the british isles 1. rivers a. importance: great ports (through river) to sea; rivers to both european continent and fishing grounds; rivers (carry raw materials) to inland. b. rivers: severn river (338 km): longest river; thames river (336 km): second largest and most important (water transportation, oxford site); river clyde: most important river in scotland. a. severn river is the longest river in britain (338km). 塞文河是英国最长的河流。全长338公里。 the river severn (welsh: afon hafren, latin: sabrina) is the longest river in great britain, at 220 miles (354 km). it rises at an altitude of 2,001 feet (610 m) on plynlimon near llanidloes, powys, in the cambrian mountains of mid wales. 布里斯托海峡（bristol channel） b. thames river is the second longest and most important river in britain. (336km). 泰晤士河是英国第二大河，也 是英国最重要的河。全长336公 里。 c. river clyde is the most important river in scotland. 克莱德河是苏格兰 最重要的河流。 snowdonia is the highest mountain in wales.（1,085m） 斯诺多尼亚是威 尔士的最高点， 海拔1,085米。 2. lakes a. lough neagh: largest lake in britain (located in northern ireland). b. lake district: one of the popular tourist attractions in britain; 15 lakes, the largest ones are windermere, ullswater, derwentwater and coniston water; the home of the lake poets of 19th century: wordsworth, coleridge and southey. a. lough neagh is the largest lake in britain which is located in northern ireland. (396 square kilometres). 讷湖（内伊湖）是 英国最大的湖，位 于北爱尔兰。面积 为396平方公里。 b. lake districtb. lake district in england in england iv. climate 气候 1. britains favorable climate 英国有利的气候 条件: britain has a maritime climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. it has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. the temperature varies within a small range. 英国属于海洋性气候:冬 季不过于寒冷，夏季不过 于炎热。全年有稳定可靠 的降雨量，气温变化幅度 小。 gulf stream湾流 2.the factors influence the climate in britain: 影响英国气候的因素: 1）the surrounding waters tend to balance the seasonal differences by heating up the land in winter and cooling it off in summer; 环绕四周的海水。冬天，海水可使岛内气温升高，夏天则使气温降低 ，从而起到平衡季节温差的作用； 2)the prevailing south-west winds or the westerlies blow over the country all the year round bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate; 一年四季盛行的西南风和西风在冬季从大西洋带来温暖、潮湿的空气 ，使气温适宜； 3）the north atlantic drift passes the western coast of the british isles and warms them. 北大西洋暖流经不列颠群岛西海岸，使气候变暖。 greenwich mean time 世界闻名的英国天文台，现位于英国南海岸苏塞克郡的赫斯特蒙苏堡。格林威治天文台始建 于1675年，位于英国首都伦敦的格林威治，第二次世界大战后迁往新址，但保留了“格林威 治皇家天文台”的名称。1884年，经过这个天文台的子午线被确定为全球的时间和经度计 量的标准参考子午线，也称为本初子午线，即零度经线。 格林威治天文台初建之时，目 的在于精确地观测月球和恒星，帮助航海家确定经度。现在它已经发展为英国的一个综合 性光学天文台。1999年12月28日，一种新的时间系统格林威治电子时间（get）正式 诞生，它将为全球电子商务提供一个时间标准。而原有的格林威治时间（gmt）仍将保留 ，作为21世纪的世界标准时间。 3.rainfall 降雨量: britain has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. the average annual rainfall in britain is over 1,000mm. there is a water surplus in the north and west, and a water deficit in the south and east. 英国全年降雨量稳定，平均降雨量超 过1000毫米。 英国北部、西部雨量过 多，但是南部、东部有所缺乏。 in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th, london was noted for its dense fogs and smogs. following the deadly great smog of 1952, the clean air act 1956 was passed, leading to the decline of such severe pollution in the capital. the great smog (or “big smoke“) of london is the severe smog that affected the city during the period of friday 5th to tuesday 9th december 1952, and is acknowledged as the uks worst air pollution event. earlier reports suggested that 4000 died prematurely and 100,000 were made ill by the great smog, but more recent research has shown that the number of smog-related deaths was underestimated and is now thought to be considerably higher around 12,000. the london smog of 1952 is acknowledged as one of the most significant pollution episodes in history in terms of its impact on environmental research, government regulation, and public awareness of the relationship between air quality and health. britain weather instability the historic settlement of greenwich; the royal botanic gardens, kew; and the site comprising the palace of westminster, westminster abbey and st. margarets church. her majestys royal palace and fortress, more commonly known as the tower of london (and historically as the tower), is a historic fortress and scheduled monument in central london, england, on the north bank of the river thames. it is located within the london borough of tower hamlets and is separated from the eastern edge of the city of london by the open space known as tower hill. it is the oldest building used by the british government. the towers primary function was a fortress, a royal palace, and a prison (particularly for high status and royal prisoners, such as the princes in the tower and the future queen elizabeth i). this last use has led to the phrase “sent to the tower“ (meaning “imprisoned“). it has also served as a place of execution and torture, an armoury, a treasury, a zoo, the royal mint, a public records office, an observatory, and since 1303, the home of the crown jewels of the united kingdom. tower hill - tower of london by her own choice, anne anne boleyn boleyn was beheaded with a sword. the last beheading on tower hill was in 1747. buckingham palace 白金汉宫 伦敦海德公园 hyde park hyde park british museum, london, england 和纽约的大都会艺 术博物馆、法国的 卢浮宫并称世界三 大博物馆 the royal opera house palace of westminster国会大厦 the palace of westminster, also known as the houses of parliament, is a complex of buildings in london. it is the seat of the two houses of the parliament of the united kingdom (the house of lords and the house of commons). the palace lies on the north bank of the river thames in the london borough of the city of westminster, close to the government buildings of whitehall. big ben 大笨钟 greenwich (pronounced /rnt/ ( listen) gren-itch, /rnd/ gren- idge, or /rnd/ grin-idge) is a district in south-east london, england, on the south bank of the river thames in the london borough of greenwich. it is best known for its maritime history and as giving its name to the greenwich meridian (0 longitude) and greenwich mean time. the town became the site of a royal palace, the palace of placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many in the house of tudor, including henry viii and elizabeth i. the palace fell into disrepair during the english civil war and was rebuilt as the royal naval hospital for sailors by sir christopher wren and his assistant nicholas hawksmoor. these buildings became the royal naval college in 1873, and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the greenwich foundation. the historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public; other buildings are used by university of greenwich and the trinity college of music. westminster abbey unesco world heritage site poets corner saint margarets church* unesco world heritage site the collegiate church of st peter at westminster, which is almost always referred to popularly and informally as westminster abbey, is a large, mainly gothic church, in westminster, london, just to the west of the palace of westminster. it is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for english, later british and later still (and currently) monarchs of the commonwealth realms. it briefly held the status of a cathedral from 15461556, and is a royal peculiar. covent garden (pronounced /kvnt/) is a district in london, england, located in the easternmost parts of the city of westminster and the southwestern corner of the london borough of camden. the area is dominated by shopping, street performers, and entertainment facilities, and it contains an entrance to the royal opera house, which is also widely-known simply as “covent garden“, and the bustling seven dials area. edinburgh castle edinburgh one of the top european universities and a unesco world heritage site. famous graduates include: charles darwin, david hume, and adam smith adam smith 亚当斯密 scottish social philosopher and a pioneer of political economy. david hume 休谟 scottish philosopher, known especially for his philosophical empiricism and skepticism. william wallace was a scottish patriot and leader of scottish resistance to english rule. he was beheaded in 1305 movie: braveheart robert the bruce was king of scotland after the death of wallace. he learned much from wallace and eventually defeated the english army in 1307. he also successfully defended scotland from englands further attempts to control scotland statue of robert the bruce in edinburgh castle. scottish poet and a lyricist. ntl poet of scotland. pioneer of the romantic movement. he is the best known of the poets who have written in the scots language, although much of his writing is also in english and a “light“ scots dialect, understood to an audience beyond scotland. a red, red rose auld lang syne scots wha hae o my luves like a red, red rose thats newly sprung in june; o my luves like the melodie thats sweetly playd in tune. as fair art thou, my bonnie lass, so deep in luve am i: and i will luve thee still, my dear, till a the seas gang dry: till a the seas gang dry, my dear, and the rocks melt wi the sun: i will luve thee still, my dear, while the sands o life shall run. and fare thee well, my only luve and fare thee well, a while! and i will come again, my luve, tho it were ten thousand mile. is traditionally sung to start the new year at the stroke of midnight. it is also sung at funerals, graduations, and other farewell occasions. auld lang syne is scots for: “old long since“, or more idiomatically, “long long ago“ should old acquaintance be forgot, and never brought to mind ? should old acquaintance be forgot, and (days of) old lang syne ? for auld lang syne, my dear, for auld lang syne, well take a cup of kindness yet, for (days of) auld lang syne. scots wha hae (“scots, who have”) is a patriotic song of scotland which served for a long time as an unofficial national anthem of the country it was written as a speech given by robert the bruce before a battle where scotland maintained its sovereignty from england. (the battle of bannockburn (1314) scots, wha hae wi wallace bled, scots, wham bruce has aften led, welcome to yer your gory bed, or to victorie. nows the day, and nows the hour: see the front o battle lour, see approach proud edwards power - chains and slavery. wha will be a traitor knave? wha will fill a cowards grave? wha so base 卑 as be a slave? let him turn and flee run away. wha, for scotlands king and law, freedoms sword will strongly draw, freeman stand, or freeman fa, let him on with me. by oppressions woes and pains, by your sons in servile chains! we will drain 泄 our dearest veins 血管, but they shall be free. lay the proud usurpers low, tyrants fall in every foe enemy, libertys in every blow! -let us do or die. sir walter scott edinburgh notable residents scotland has a rich history in science and engineering, with edinburgh contributing its fair share of famous names. james clerk maxwell, the founder of the modern theory of electromagnetism, was born here and educated at the edinburgh academy and university of edinburgh, as was the engineer and telephone pioneer alexander graham bell. other names connected to the city include max born, physicist and nobel laureate; charles darwin, the biologist who discovered natural selection; david hume, a philosop