英语本科毕业论文-浅析中国慈善事业发展现状.doc

本科毕业论文 浅析中国慈善事业发展现状学生姓名： 学生学号： 院（系）： 外国语学院 年级专业： 2003级英语本科4班 指导教师： 二七年五月actuality analysis of charity in chinaling yujununder the supervision ofluo liangschool of foreign languages and culturespanzhihua universitymay 2007攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 contents攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 contentscontentsabstract.ikey words.i摘要.ii关键词.iiintroduction.1i. the brief introduction of charity.2ii. charity in our society.3a. the origins of charity.3b. the social function of charity.6iii. charity actuality in china .7iv. solutions to charity problems in china.14conclusion16acknowledgements.17bibliography.18攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 introduction11攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 abstractabstractnowadays, the disparity between the rich and the poor is becoming wider and wider in china. in order to develop chinas charity and shorten the disparity, it is necessary to learn from the experience of western charity, charity is an indispensable part in peoples life, and it plays a very important role in modern human activities. the paper is to discuss charity actuality in china, and the solutions to charity. at the beginning of this paper, the author is to explain the meaning of “charity” clearly. then, to discuss the origins of chinas charity include “benevolence”, the idea of “people foremost”, the thought of unification and the conception of justice and benefit, the main sources of the western charity including humanity, and the sense of guilt and humility. the different origins of charity result in the different charity. finally, the author is to analyze the problems and the solutions to chinas charity. key wordscharity; actuality ; problems; solutionsi攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 摘要摘要如今，中国的贫富差距越来越明显，谁也不愿意看到这一不和谐的社会现象。作者认为可以借鉴西方发展慈善事业的一些经验改善我国的慈善事业现状，从而缩小这一差距。慈善事业在人类现代活动中起着十分重要的作用，是人类社会生活不可缺少的一部分。本文首先对“慈善”的认识作较详细的阐述，接着简单讨论了中国和西方慈善事业的渊源。慈善渊源的不同导致了中西方慈善事业的差异。然后分析中国慈善事业现状，最后就存在的问题和不足提出切实可行的解决办法。关键词慈善事业；发展现状；存在的问题；解决方法ii攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 introduction2introductioncharity is a highly effective way to shuttle freely between wealth and spiritual value. it can shorten the great disparity between the rich and the poor and make the world be full of love. charity will face many unprecedented challenges. the gap between the rich and the poor worldwide continues to grow. even over 6% people in the world who control 50% wealth, a foreboding sense is growing. house price is rising. job markets are reinventing themselves continually. the governments are straining to deliver services when the streamlining outdated structures appear.the “business of charity” is undergoing rapid changes. well-heeled donors are dined by organizations desperate for a share of the new information age wealth. the new giving classes created in the last two decades are discriminating and pragmatic anxious to see their charitable investments pay for dividends. being solicited more money, charity find it harder to recruit volunteers or paid-staff willing to sacrifice time and money for the cause.charity organizations have played an indispensable role in raising money for social emergencies for those living in difficulties. in 2003, china was hit by the sudden outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), in the decade-long campaign of the hope project, which has given money to finance kids in rural villages to go to school. the aims of mothers water cellar project are to solve drinking water problems in chinas arid in the western regions.the author is to offer several solutions to the problems in chinas charity. it must cultivate chinas modern charity conception, beautify the incentive system and accelerate the accumulation of charity resources, and establish a system which combines self-discipline and be mutual legal discipline. several notions must be held in creative tension in order to forge a new ear of charity.1攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 body.the brief introduction of charity in the west and chinathe definition of charity in the dictionary is giving voluntarily to those in need; alms-giving; an institution or organization for helping those in need; a kindness, benevolence; tolerance in judging others; love of ones fellow human beings. in more popular usage charity is sometimes thought of in more narrow terms as the relief of poverty or distress. both the western and china have their own traditions on the charity since the ancient times. although there are many differences in their statements, the core of confucianism lays more emphasis on the care about others. it is similar with christianity stresses love, buddhism stresses compassion. both chinas confucian and christian have universal ideal of moral principles to provide the essential aims and united yardstick, rallying for a charity unconditional moral and humanistic care, each person has to respect and love others in order to pursue his or her own happiness at the same time. none of human communities can be indifferent to the fate of others. the simple understanding of charity shows a huge difference between the west and the east. the book of chinas encyclopedia explains “charity”.charity comes from sympathy, compassion and faith. people help the poor and the weak with money, goods and other social undertakings. the purpose of charity is to do a good thing for seeking goodwill. charity often is thought as benefaction to the poor and the weak in order to let a few people have temporary and negative relief. this statement of charitys social influence remain controvert(cai qinyu, 206). another book entitled american encyclopedia interprets charity as that, “charity is one of the oldest social traditions, which takes money from the donors and other services to enhance the well-being of humanity.”(cai qinyu, 178). from the words above, it can be concluded that the conception of charity is narrow in china, but it is wide in the united states. charity used to be a simple affair in the minds of most chinese people.charity in our societythe different origins of charity result in the different charity in the west and china. if we want to know the basic reasons of different phenomena, we must analyze on the origins of charity and social function.a. the origins of charity1. the origins of chinas charitya. “benevolence”“benevolence” is the key standpoint in confucianism. from the standpoint of confucianism, the word “benevolence” means loving people. in order to fulfill benevolence, people must improve moral and personality. “benevolence” refers to responsibilities and obligations. it is also a spirit that can give help to other people.mencius, the zhanguo philosopher paid more attention to help others to overcome difficulties. from confucius to mencius, the spirit of confucianism has become rich and perfect. at the same time, it has a long-lasting and far-reaching influence on chinas charity cause. there are a lot of philanthropist and charitable activities in different period.b. the idea of “people foremost”the idea of “people foremost” has a long history in china. the idea of “people foremost” has become the important thought in confucianism. the idea of “people foremost” reflecting in social charity is to propose monarch to carrying out some policies that is benefit to people. in tang and song dynasty, the policies influenced on the rulers, so the charity is continued.c. the thought of unificationin confucianism, the importance of harmonious society is the average property distribution, and the property is equal to every people. the thought of unification has a long influence on chinas society. that is to say, the thought of unification helped people to carry out charity. d. the conception of justice and benefitconfucius thought that only gentleman can ignore the benefit to become the model. because of the edifying conception of justice and benefit, confucian scholars tried their best to carry out charity. in qing dynasty, with the development of commodity economy, businessmen is engaged in charitable activities, they acted as the important role in charitable activities. the businessman promoted the development of charitable activities.2. the origins of the western charitya. humanitychristian said，”love other people just like yourself”. the statement is one of the basic commandments of the revelation of jesus christ. therefore, people should treat other people, including their enemies, as their own brothers and sisters and help, forgive and love them. in other words, people should love god and the people around you. christian humanity has surpassed the nation, color, class, gender, culture and national boundaries. compared with the confucian “benevolence”, christian humanity has two distinguished features: firstly, humanity denies the human inherent feelings, including the compassion and blood kinship. secondly, humanity excludes the expectation of people, which is the thought that one can get something as a reward if he does good things. in a sense, christian ethics have a great spirit that “love for love” and “ethics for morality”. christians have promoted the development of the western charity with their humanity spirits. b. the sense of guilt the nature of people was good and kind. however, when the ancestors of human beings, adam and eve, ate the fruit forbidden and were expelled from the garden of eden by god, people were born with “original sin”. as a result, influenced by the culture of “the sense of guilt”, christians have a heavy sense of guilt, so they tend to believe in god and asceticism in order to maintain the high moral level. charity has become a form of redemption. c. humility as a moral feeling, humility means that people should take a humble attitude to practice their own moral belief and get satisfactions from their good deeds but not the reward, and they should continue to make efforts to persevere. they do not expect others to know, but should always know that the good deeds have been done are not enough, charity is a life long course. christianity opposes hypocrisy and cunning, but promotes people to do good things with a humble heart. the christian culture of “the sense of guilt” is based on the “original sin”, which is obviously different from “the nature of men is good” in chinese confucian thinking. in order to atone for their sin, people must believe in god and savior jesus sent by god. if you obey the arrangements of god, your soul will go to the heaven after death, or will be put into the hell. affected by the thought, christians do not have the abilities to save themselves, but put their hope in the grace of god. people consider the christian charity to be a way to get close to god. charity is a derived quality from the belief in god and jesus. people need purify their own spirituality in order to become the qualified children of god. this is the conception of christian charity. from the comparison of christian and confucian charity, we can see confucianism considered charity as a self-discipline. it is driven by ones morality, and it is a personal moral conduct, but not a compulsory thing. chinese confucian tradition thought that good deeds were only a satisfaction of ones conscience, but not considered it as a born ability. chinese people don not have the thought that regardless of the time and place, people instinctively engaged themselves in the actual charitable activities. the western christian takes charity as a discipline. the followers have a sense of fear, because they think that whether do good deeds or not will make their afterlife different. therefore, charity based on religion is better than that based on moral.b. the social function of charity1. rescue the soulandrew carnegie was recognized as one of the founders of private charity. he has also been recognized as a pioneer of modern charity. his famous saying “dying in billionaire is a disgrace” for generations by renowned philanthropist. carnegie said that the aim of being rich is returning excess wealth to the compatriots in order to rescue the peoples souls which lose in money. he wants to tell us that charity not only is to help the poor, but also help ourselves. carnegie is the founder of the carnegie foundation which is the first batch of modern charity organizations. the modern conception of commercial operation infiltrates in the operation of charity organizations, which combine religious charitys traditions and the american-style conception of civil society together. these constitute the soul of the modern charity. his charity activities move us and review the carnegies sentence，”dying in billionaire is a disgrace.”2. creating spiritual valuecharity needs the spirit more than money. charity built the material world and spiritual world at the same time. the resource of charity in china is limited so far. as the hope project an example, only 2.7 billion yuan is collected in 16 years. it is only equal to 3-4 kilometers subway in shanghai. its insignificant to mention its pure economic value. the hope project not only help 2.7 million children, who were out of school, go back to school, and build 12000 hope schools, but also bring active impact on the ideology, morals and culture.at the end of the 1990s, an investigation about the thought of the youth all over the country was carried on, and finally the hope project ranked the first of the “ the most effective activity of the education of thought and morals”. it exceeded the special activity of the education of the thought and morals which held the second place more than 50 percentage points. we can draw the conclusion from this example that the ability of the spiritual value made by the charity is much greater than we can imagine.many volunteers and professionals are engaged in charity, and their enthusiasm have some color to religion. although there are plenty of troubles and handicaps, they never give up it. for example, cong fei, who comes from shenzhen, has used all his earnings to aid the kids of the poor by singing for more than 10 years until he died of illness. if they don not have the great bosom, they can never do like this. charity actuality in chinathe simple fact is that the poor now have more than they ever did in china. the living standard and access to life need among the poor in china has improved more than it ever did before. the gap between the poor and the rich is still wider, because the wealth of the rich in china (a new class) has increased even faster. the pace of charity can not keep up with the developing situation in china. the gap must be eliminated, in case of social contradictions by a rich-hostility.a. the disparity between the poor and the rich while the chinese governments with the existing interests in planning economy still shows strong tendencies toward egalitarianism, the results of the reforms have shown wide income disparity. there are large disparities in wage income between the urban and rural residents, between different regions, and even among the urban residents. china is also facing other problems such as unemployment that did not exist under the socialist system. however, the recent changes of fiscal decentralization have weakened the financial base of the central government eroding their ability to redistribute financial resources to the poorer areas and interior provinces. furthermore, the prevailing communal values are gradually being replaced by growing individualism which has made it more difficult for the government to maintain its efforts on shared prosperity. notably, however, there were signs of improvements found in recent data. for instance, during 1995 and the following year, the size of the wage income of the rural residents to the urban residents has increased beginning to show a reversing trend. there have also been some improvements made on the regional disparities when we used selected social indicators such as the number of educational and medical institutions from the recent years.theoretically, our country cannot avoid having increase in income disparity during its early stages of changing to a market economy. in our developing country, where many surplus laborers are, it is very difficult to let people get rich quickly and equally in a short time. besides, some scholars even argue that letting some people get rich first has been used to stimulate enthusiasm and initiative for the rest of the people. however, most scholars warn that if the current gap exceeds certain limits, with no doubt, people may become severely psychologically distressed and question the sense of fairness leading