环境设计 土木 建筑 材料 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 大学校园规划的整体设计.doc

the overall design of university campus planningwith the deepening of reform opening up, chinas higher education undertakings have developed unprecedently. a large number of new schools, new campus is setting up constantly.campus building is not complex, but at here aborigine gestates hopes and dreams, it includes campus atmosphere planning, the ideal method is introduce urban design into campus design. in this process, the key is not planning and design the buildings concrete shape, but set the rules of the game, contains architectural space and to control elements, and the implementation methods, advocate public participation, and established a set of mechanisms can be constantly perfect. especially the main use of students and teachers opinion should be crowd.the region of old school buildings in integration, should make up the deficiency in function, integration inter and outer in space, and let construction of different times be in a harmony. and besides function and form, should be more spiritual and cultural connotation, so the proposed the overall concept of university campus design planning.a university campus design planning concept functional partition: with the change of higher education, the scale of university emphasizes on each functional partition strictly, in fact already cannot satisfy the use of students and teachers. and ask to functional area, permeability and blending with each other, must use the idea of human-oriented.campus features: in the new campus planning inherits university culture; regional characteristic reflects their school humane spirit and characteristic of campus environment. ecological environment: with large-scale construction of campus, design planning should combine with nature and make full use of natural conditions, the protection and construction of ecology system of campus. create ecological and garden-like campus environment. the sustainable development: the campus planning should give full consideration to the future development, make planning structure diversity, coordination, and elastic, adapt to changes in the future, and satisfy the sustainable development.in campus design should also do: single building should coordinate with each other and mutual dialogue and have the organic relation, to form a road elevation and outer space overall continuity from the integral style of campus building, building or landscape should have organic order to become a unit of whole system, outer space and the architectural space design is inseparable, landscape architecture design planning, should be an important work in the development of campus construction.b the principle of university campus design conceptgenerally principle is the consider university campus for a large scale multi-functional abstraction of the living environment.macro level - the whole space environment as the objectstylist wants to build for the whole land space environment as design object and the ultimate goal, he should pay attention to the whole life space, campus cultural environment. make clear that overall design of each zone, analysis basis, teaching concept, base point to the dial. the whole design of the important point clear to grasp the important contradiction in design, prominent main characteristics, and clearly from the inherent logic elements link, which explicitly each design elements should follow the rules of the key and the unity of the whole guarantee. inter-restrict circulation in thinking processthe thinking process of campus design is multiply comprehensive process, consider from design building in architectural design, considered from outer space structure, turn from considering building for planning, landscape architecture planning requirements and outer space. in the overall design of the four parts, should are interdependent, and in every design stage should give consideration to other design stage.micro level-optimize the exterior space of group building in the campus in integral design, should achieve group buildings exterior space and peripheral to the holistic effect. optimization form of outer space: outer space in architectural design in groups, you should always be supporting architecture as the external space as the main body, according to the relationship between the building and the diagram, analyze the external space closed form and contact and continuity. pleasant activities external space of combined with external space, emphasize the outer space, should according to the parks involvement in the style and atmosphere of human life, some function space, planning to affect peoples life style, and improve the status of the outer space and combining outer space with common contribution to the overall environment. the micro level- reconstruction grey space and build space, grey space refers to the color, on the other hand, the means of excessive space between indoor space, but its existence in a certain extent efface building internal boundaries, make both become an whole organic. the unity and design of space create consistent buildings, eliminates internal and external space estrangement, give a person a kind of natural organic whole feeling. for the whole design, the design of space and transition of grey space is very outstanding, through the building with united falsified, platform, facade hole, outdoor stair, walking bridge increased space and levelsthe so-called build relative to the architectural space, defined in architectural design specification of the requirements of the necessary space for function and form of the rally places, such as the wall space outspread, erect, frame, marks, etc. build space for the building space, although cannot have direct function, but they often for building indoor outspread, and the blending parts, have important significance to people perception experience and continuity. campus design principle of adaptive construction(a) times function of campus the cultural atmosphere, towards the digitalizing. on one hand, the socialization of logistic market leading campus building management problems, on the other hand, the campus culture and sports resources open to the society, the influence to planning layout and traffic management. knowledge economy demands that the talented person who talented took a new turn. life is a social re-education, adult education college as adjunct functionality of university is production-teaching-research combination, and research services to the society. construct and adjustment, merger, joint is the main principle in the new period of education reform, its purpose lies in resources complementary advantages and multi-disciplinary university to a higher level to provide good opportunity. thus campus design will be necessary to strengthen teaching center of centralized distribution, the reform of department of environmental layout, closed independent benefit sharing resources and subject to individual independence, communication patterns on the layout of the high-efficient, reach convenient intelligent teaching environment. the connotation of higher education from traditional teacher talk to students unilateral infusion to take the student as the main body, with human development and training center for open education transformation, this trend in campus design requirement of strengthening emphasizes on the thought of people-oriented, emphasize on foot, scale, the space between man and nature, and interpersonal communication, not only emphasize the main teaching space, whole campus student life space should be as a whole attention.) the cohesion of whole campus centerthe main characteristic of early modern campus buildings is around a central plaza formed the axis of the relationship between 6 square, library or other road leading building in axis. the center square and the leading construction square became the landmark campus, large-scale public space communication square, and strengthen the characteristics of campus, because one cognitive or overall scattered relatively, messy, so the form of center is good to form sense of wholeness. optimize the layout of traditional center square, emphasizing humanization of modern campus space. thus can abandon the campus center square layout in early times, the coldness and the rigorous of nonhuman when contact with the open space in keeping with the sun, combining with soft and hard lay, pleasant dimension of outdoor, furniture, shrubs stair and asymmetric steps, the contact space layout surround close, make not only for large gathering, and the rich leisure reading for ordinary cohesion campus center. besides monomer building should reflect the characteristics of campus construction, make its unity and harmony. the single architectural creation of campus planning shall be coordinated with the surrounding environment, and reflects the character of architecture and itself. notice reasonable function, the versatile, openness, comprehensive and flexibility of the building exactly shows the design idea of people-oriented embody. the design emphasis on space communication between inside and outside, permeate and create different level of the communication space. architecture design emphasizes on the regional, culture, the elegant, atmosphere, rational, in order to reflect the spirit of university culture.the integrity of campus planningintegrity of campus design planning means not only the development of in the early, the recent and the long-term both have integrity, and the future of campus in the integrity of the extended binding. create flexible, expand convenient and flexible growing campus structure with certain proportion is the function of the land, the land and long-term elastic can be restricted according to the original composition and maintain overall unity. should be considered in the design of around the direction of development, the land can be used trend of linear layout and the type of divergence or composition.inside campus space integration of landscape gardenthe internal space blends, emphasize on the communication space. college campus is not only to impart knowledge functions of education, but also improve disposition, exercise and all-round development of living environment. the outer space design uses building into garden. make outer space is outspread, become the space in the interior design in architectural theory landscape, make person indoors but like in outdoor garden, can enjoy green ecological environment.in addition it can blend in western modern landscape design techniques such as: large open spaces: center the flower-bed, sinking square, open-air theatre, platform, courtyard, etc. medium open spaces: such as the waterfront space, outdoor platform, roof garden, empty space etc. small open spaces: corridor, flower, outdoor furniture, greening surround close, building grey space, etc. multi-level open spaces. the integration of campus cultural style.a university campus culture should be the unity of the style. the culture has its special style and the humanities spirit, in the design reflect the personality traits must take into consideration. combine with local features of regional culture in university of build character. as hong kong lingnan college, etc. combine with the characteristics of university education or historical context or university create personality. such as stanford university in american. the individual character style with architects created the individual character style, such as university of singapore polytechnic. as the whole continuity on the premise that local characteristic changes. the image of university campus architecture is different from other commercial buildings, the commercial buildings are required to do unconventional or unorthodox, self break-through, fashion. at first give impact on the visual, while university architecture is bearing the university students humanities history, is the place of knowledge, and accept elegant, simple, solemn and nature should be its nature. in return for the green design and pure form is its vivid signs, with functions and spatial environment as the most important, reject the false, artificial form, the pursuit of pure natural and fresh. but now in some design, emphasize the model, reflect luxurious adornment, too exaggeration, transgressed the essence of education architecture. campus architecture image in pursuit between individual can not unity style, the different historical period, the building of different functions and different buildings by processing technique, the interpretation of university campus spiritual understanding of university campus culture, which reflect the diversity of freedom, as recorded in the different historical period, the development of campus. architecture in design planning the shaping of the integritycampus culture and emotion constructionan ideal university campus should be composed by the beautiful material environment, should make it complement, rich and unity with each other.the so-called emotion zone, is in physical space, space by certain emotional, physical space is not necessarily the emotional feeling stressed emotion space, this kind of space is the leading role, and the architecture and environment, only to have emotional space after own the real soul, and occasionally get embodies completeness and unity can be seen.an attractive, infectious, can subtly education reform of university campus, must have the typical abundant emotion, and physical space composed of university campus. it is the combination of all kinds of emotion, and determines our university campus environment and campus culture, the overall impression of campus culture is an important part. lack emotional space campus is an incomplete campus, the integrity will be ruined of the campus. landscape design and campus activitiespeople often say architecture is the music, therefore, the habit of thinking people in architectural design is static. size, scale, proportion, color and space becomes the most commonly used words, architect diagram of architectural design performance express intention to become the most commonly used method, but if we put attention to construction of buildings still in place of the people and places with people in the activity. concern people and integrity of building campus will be more integrity and unity.summary:university campus construction is different from ordinary architectural design, the urban planning is different from general, has its particularity, first, it is not a single building or a complex house building, but hundreds of thousands of meters of land single function of architecture, the second, it does not involve the complicated social politics, economy, and tens of thousands of for urban resources allocation of square kilometers, but relatively simple, functional clues for decades to millions of hectares in size of integrated design. campus construction is not only, more than simply planar program of building space design, but two plus landscapes and external space form, emotional space.in the process of campus design planning, the architecture, environment, people should be combined, as a whole design, make the university campus become a complete combination.大学校园规划的整体设计随改革开放的不断深入，我国的高等教育事业也得到了空前的发展。一大批新学校、新校区在不断的建立。校园建筑并不复杂，但这里孕育着莘莘学子的希望和梦想。这种包涵校园氛围的规划，较理想的做法是可将城市设计的方法引入校园设计。在此过程中，重点并非是规划与设计具体形态的建筑，而是一整套游戏规则，这里包含对空间和单体建筑控制要素，以及执行方法，提倡公众参与，建立一套可以不断完善的机制。尤其是使用的主体人群师生们的意见应当受到重视。老校区的整合，应使建筑在功能上的不足得到弥补，整合建筑内外空间，并使不同年代的建筑生动的融和再一起。且除功能和形式，更应该精神和文化内涵，所以提出了大学校园规划设计的整体观。一大学校园规划设计理念1功能分区：随着高等教育理念的变化，学校规模的发严格强调高校内各大功能分区，事实上已不能满足对学生、老师的使用要求。而要使各功能区域之间相互交融、渗透，就必须运用“以人为本”的理念。2校园特色：在新校区规划中传承大学文化、地域特色造反映各自学校人文精神和特色的校园环境。3生态环境：随着校园的大规模建设，规划设计中应结自然和充分利用自然条件，保护和构建校园的生态系统。创造生态化、园林化的校园环境。4可持续发展：校园规划应充分考虑到未来的发展，使规划结构多样、协调、富有弹性，适应未来变化，满足可持续发展。在校园整体设计中还应：1）建筑单体之间应相互协调、相互对话和有机关联，以形成道路立面和外部空间的整体连续性2）从校园整体风格出发，建筑物或景观应该具有有机秩序并成为系统整体中的一个单元，3）外部空间和建筑空间的设计是不可分的，规划建筑景观设计，应成为校园建设发展中的一项重要工作。二校园整体设计观的普遍性原则普遍性原则就是把大学校园抽象为一个多功能相当规模的人居环境研究。宏观层次以整体空间环境营造为对象设计师要以整体用地空间环境营造为设计对象和最终目标，他应关注校园区的整个生活空间，人文环境。1明晰整体设计的重要出发点每一个园区的整体设计中，要分析基地，教学理念等，拨出设计的切入点。明晰整体设计的重要出发点有利于在设计中把握重要矛盾，突出主体特点明确主从关系，并提出各个要素联系的内在逻辑和方式，从而明确各个设计要素应遵循和突出的重点规则保证整体统一的方向。2相互制约的循环思维过程校园整体设计的思维过程多向循环的综合过程，即从建筑设计出发考虑规划，从外部空间结构考虑规划，再反过来从规划要求考虑建筑，景观和外部空间。在整体设计中这四个部分，应该是相互制约的，在每一个设计阶段都要兼顾其他设计阶段。中观层次优化群体建筑外部空间在校园整体设计中，应使群体建筑外部空间与其周边达到整体性的效果。优化外部空间的形式：1外部空间主体化在群体建筑设计中，应当时常将建筑作为配角，将外部空间作为主体，根据建筑和图底的关系，着重分析外部空间围合的形态和联系，以及连续性。2外部空间宜人化将人的活动和外部空间结合起来，强调外部空间的参与性，应根据园区的格调与生活氛围人为的策划出一些功能空间，既对人们的生活方式产生影响，又有益于提高外部空间的地位，使内外空间相结合共同贡献于整体环境。3.微观层次重构灰空间和构筑空间“灰空间”一方面指色彩，另一方面指介于室内外的过度空间，它的存在却在一定程度上抹去了建筑内外部的界限，使两者成为一个有机整体。空间的连贯和设计的统一创造出内外一致的建筑，消除了内外空间的隔阂，给人一种自然的有机的整体感觉。对于整体的设计而言，过渡性空间的考虑与设计显的十分突出，通过灰空间对建筑物的虚化处理，如果用联廊，平台，立面的洞，室外楼梯，步行桥等增加空间和层次所谓“构筑”空间相对于建筑空间而言，定义为在建筑设计任务书要求的必要的功能空间之外的，为集结场所感而形成的空间，如墙体的延伸，立拄，框架，标志，塔等。构筑空间为非建筑空间，虽不能有直接功能作用，但它们常常为建筑的延伸，以及室内外交融的部分，对人的知觉体验连续性和场所感的形成具有重要意义。三校园整体设计适应性建构原则（一）校园功能时代化1持文化氛围，又要走向开放化。一方面，后勤市场社会化管理为校园建筑带来问题，另一方面，校园文化、体育资源向社会开放，对规划布局和交通管理的影响。2知识经济使人才知识的要求发生了新的转变。一是终身再教育成为社会的要求，成人教育学院作为大学附属功能应运而生，二是产学研一体化，科研成果服务于社会。3“共建、调整、合并、联合”新时期教育改革的八字方针，其目的在于资源优势互补及多学科的综合为大学向更高层次发展提供良好的机会。因而校园设计将有必要加强教学中心区的集中布局，改革各系封闭独立环境的布置，以利于资源共享和学科交流可以个体独立，大体集中的布局模式达到高效，便捷的智能性教学环境。4高等教育的内涵由传统的教师对学生的单向灌输向以学生为主体的，以人的发展和素质培养为中心的开放式教育转化，这一趋势要求在校园设计中加强强调“以人为本”的思想，强调步行空间，人的尺度，以及人与自然，人与人的交流，不仅仅强调主要的教学空间，整个校园的学生生活空间都应作为一个整体受到重视。二）校园中心整体凝聚力的形成早期现代校园其主要特点是建筑群围绕一个中心广场形成严整的轴线关系广场四周柱廊相连，图书馆或其他主导建筑位于轴线一端。1中心广场与广场尽端标志性主导建筑成为校园主广场，大型交往公共空间，并强化了校园特色上午认知性，由于一体或整体相对分散、零乱，所以中心感的形成有利于整体感形成。2对传统中心广场布局的优化，现代校园强调人性化空间。因而可以摒弃早期校园中心广场规划布局中严谨的轴线关系，冷漠感和非人的尺度，在保持与阳光绿化接触的开阔空间的同时