2012职称英语阅读理解正文及问题与选项的翻译.doc

a letter from alan（综合）i have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called parsons place by the football ground. few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town. for me, parsons place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fisherman and bird-watchers. its very quiet because there are few houses or roads nearby. i think that losing this area will be terrible because we have no other similar facilities in the neighbourhood.i am also against this plan because it will cause traffic problems. how will the people from the new houses travel to work? the motorway and the railway station are on the other side of town. therefore, these people will have to drive through the town centre every time they go anywhere. the roads will always be full of traffic, there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave. shops and hotels will lose business. if the town really needs more homes, the empty ground beside the railway station is a more suitable place.no doubt the builders will make a lot of money by selling these houses. but, in my opinion, the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan. as well as this, we will lose a very special place and our town will be much less pleasant.i am going to the local government offices on monday morning to protest about this plan and i hope that your readers will join me there. we must make them stop this plan before it is too late.艾伦的来信我听说了一个要在parson公园上建造三百所房子的计划。并没有几个人知道这个打算将我们的城镇扩大的计划。对我来说，parson公园是非常特别的，因为它是一个美丽的天然公园，当地人可以在此放松休息。这片小树林里有许多独特的树木并且这里的消息受了渔夫和野鸟观察者的欢迎。这里很安静因为附近只有几所房子和几条公路。我认为失去这片公园会很糟糕，因为在这附近我们没有其他与其相似的公园了。我反对这项计划也是因为它将会引起交通问题。住在新房子的人们将如何去工作呢？高速公路和地铁站在城镇的另一端。因此，这些人每次出行的时候将不得不驱车穿越城镇中心。公路上将总是很多车辆，没有地方停车，并且来参观我们这儿可爱的老式建筑物的观光者将会离开这里。商店和旅馆将赔钱。如果这个城镇真的需要更多的房子，那片在地铁附近的空地是一个更合适的地方。毫无疑问，通过出售这些房子建筑商们会赚很多钱。但是，在我看来，每个人将会因这个计划的实施而快速地变穷。不但如此，我们将失去一个非常特别的地方，并且我们的城镇将会失去很多快乐。我将在周一早上到当地政府办公室抗议这项计划，并且我希望你们这些读者将会和我一起去那里。我们必须让他们停止这些计划，否则就来不及了。1. why has alan written this letter? 艾伦为什么要写这封信a) to persuade the government to build new houses. 为了劝说政府建造新房子b) to protest about a new motorway near the town. 为了抗议在镇子附近的一条新高速路c) to encourage more people in the town to use parsons place. 为了鼓励更多镇子里的人利用parsons placed) to inform other people about the builders plans. 为了告知更多人关于建筑商的新计划2. why is parsons place particularly important, in alans opinion? 在艾伦看来，为什么parsons place尤其重要?a) because it is near the football ground. 因为它靠近足球场b) because lots of people live near it. 因为很多人住在附近c) because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature. 因为它离镇子不远，人们可以去那里享受大自然d) because local people can get there easily by car from the town. 因为当地人可以很容易从镇里开车去那里。3. what will cause traffic jams? 什么会导致交通堵塞？a) a building on parsons place. parsons place的建筑b) building near the railway station. 在火车站附近的建筑c) tourists in the narrow streets. 狭窄街道的游客d) people going to the shops and hotels. 去商店和酒店的人4. alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon _. 艾伦说住在镇子里的普通人将很快a) open new shops and hotels 开新的商店和酒店b) choose to live near the station 选择住在车展附近c) be able to buy new homes 能够买新房子d) have less money 钱更少了5. which of these posters has alan made? 艾伦制作了哪个海报？a) save our sports ground 拯救我们的运动场b) say no to the houses on parsons place 向parsons place说不c) we need homes not hotels 我们需要家而不是酒店d) use the train not the road 要乘火车而不要用公路going her own way（综合+）when she was twelve, maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. she decided that she wanted to continue her education. most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private catholic “finishing” schools. there they learned a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. this was not the sort of education that interested maria or her mother. by this time, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. she read constantly and brought her books everywhere. one time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. that meant attending the public high school, something that very few girls did. in italy at the time, there were two types of high schools: the “classical” schools and the “technical” schools. in the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in latin and greek language and literature, and italian literature and history. the few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. the technical schools were more modern than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages, mathematics, science, and accounting. most people including marias father believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.maria did not care if it was proper or not. math and science were the subjects that interested her most. but before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her fathers approval. she finally did, with her mothers help, though for many years after, there was tension in the family. marias father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her.in 1883, at age thirteen, maria entered the “regia scuola tecnica michelangelo buonarroti” in rome. her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. though the courses included modern subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.选择她自己的路当她12岁的时候，玛丽亚做出了她人生道路的第一个重要决定。她决定继续读书。对于大多数来自中产阶级家庭的女孩子来说，小学毕业就都选择待在家里，尽管有一些参加了教会办的女子精修学校。在她们学习一些音乐、艺术、针线活，以及如何礼貌交谈。这些并不是玛丽亚所感兴趣的或者可以说也不是她妈妈感兴趣的。此时，她对待学习更加认真。她不停地读书，他走到哪里就把书带到哪里。有一次她甚至把数学书带到了剧院里，设法在黑暗中学习。玛丽亚知道她想要继续正规学习。她想要到公立高中去学习，很少有女孩子这样做。在当时的意大利，有两种形式的高中，一种是“传统”学校，另一种是“技术类”学校。在传统学校中，学生们都依照一种非常传统的教学方式学习，包含拉丁语、希腊语及文学课，还有意大利的文学与历史。极少数能继续学习的女孩子们也大多选择这类学校。但是玛丽亚打算去技术类学校。技术类学校比传统学校要现代得多，他们提供的课程有现代语言、数学、自然科学，以及会计学。包括玛丽亚父亲在内的大部分人都认为，女孩子是不可能弄明白这些科目的。另外，他们也认为女孩子不适合学习这些。玛丽亚并不在乎适合与否。数学和自然科学是她最感兴趣的学科。但是她在报名之前她必须征得她父亲的同意。最后在她母亲的帮助下她成功了，尽管过去很多年她的家庭关系依然很紧张。她的父亲一直地反对她的计划，而她的目前却帮助她。1883年，玛丽亚13岁考取了罗马的“regia scuola teenica michelangelo buonarroti”学校。她在这个学校的经历对我们来说难以想象。尽管课程包括现代学科，而教学方式却是十分传统的。学习包括记忆长长的词条和事件，然后向老师复述。学生们不会以任何的方式被提问或是自己思考。老师非常苛刻，课堂纪律十分严格，未达标准或者不守纪律的学生会给予严厉的惩罚。1. maria wanted to attend _. 玛丽亚想上a) private “finishing” school 私立精修学校b) school with latin and greek 拉丁文和希腊文学校c) technical high school 技术高中d) school for art and music 艺术与音乐学校2. in those days, most italian girls _. 在当时，大部分意大利女孩a) went to classical schools 上传统学校b) went to “finishing” schools 上精修学校c) did not go to high school 不上高中d) went to technical schools 上技术学校3. you can infer from this passage that _. 你可以从文章中推测出a) girls usually attended private primary schools 女孩通常上私立基础学校b) only boys usually attended technical schools 只有男孩通常上技术学校c) girls did not like going to school 女孩不喜欢上学d) only girls attended classical schools 只有女孩上传统学校4. marias father probably _. 玛丽亚的父亲可能a) had very modern views about women 对女性有非常现代的观点b) had very traditional views about women 对女性有非常传统的观点c) had no opinion about women 对女性没有任何观点d) thought women could not learn latin 认为女性不能学习拉丁文5. high school teachers in italy in those days were _. 在当时的意大利高中老师a) very modern 非常现代b) very intelligent 非常聪明c) quite scientific 相当科学d) quite strict 相当严厉 “lucky” lord lucan alive or dead（综合*）on 8th november 1974 lord lucan, a british aristocrat, vanished. the day before, his childrens nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. to this day the british public are still interested in the murder case because lucan has never been found. now, over 30 years later, the police have reopened the case, hoping the new dna techniques will help solve the murder mystery.people suspected that “lucky”, as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. they say that lucan entered hid old house and in the dark, killed the nanny by mistake. his estranged wife heard noises, came downstairs and was also attacked, but managed to escape. seven months after the murder, a jury concluded that lucan had killed the nanny.what happened next is unclear, but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories: he may have killed himself, he could have escaped or he might have been killed. it appears that the night after the murder, “lucky” borrowed a car and drove it, lucans friend aspinall said in an interview that he thought lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the english channel.another version of events says that “lucky” left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to france. he was met there by someone who drove him safety in another country. however, after a time, his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so lucan wan killed.a further fascinating theory was made in the book dead lucky by duncan maclaughlin, a former detective. he believes that lucan travelled to goa, india, where he assumed the identity of a mr barry haplin. lucan then lived in goa till his death in 1996. in the end the claim turned out to be a case of mistaken identity. the man who died in 1996 was really haplin, an ex-schoolteacher turned hippy. so what is the truth about “lucky”? dna testing has solved many murder cases, but who knows if it can close the book on the one.“幸运的”路肯伯爵是死是活1974年11月8日，英国贵族路肯伯爵失踪。此前一天，他孩子们的保姆被残忍地杀害，他的妻子也遭到了袭击。直到现在，英国民众对这个谋杀案仍然很感兴趣，因为鲁肯伯爵一直没有被找到。30多年后的今天，警察重新调查案件，希望新的dna技术帮助揭开这个谋杀之谜。鲁肯伯爵被朋友称为“幸运的”，人们猜测是他想要杀了他不再与之一起住的妻子。有人说鲁肯踏进他的老房子，在一片漆黑中错杀了保姆。与他不和的妻子听到声音走下楼，也遭到了攻击，但是她设法逃了出去。7个月后，陪审团断定是鲁肯杀了保姆。接下来发生了什么谁也不清楚，但是众多断言被总结为三点：他自杀了，他逃跑了或者他可能已经被杀了。在谋杀的第二天晚上，“幸运的”借了一辆车然后开走了。鲁肯的朋友皮诺尔在一个采访中表示，他觉得鲁肯伯爵在英吉利海峡中弄沉了自己的船，已经自杀了。另一个版本说“幸运的”把被血染了的车子扔在了海岸上，乘上了一艘开往法国的船。某些人在那发现了他，把他送往另一个国家使他安全。但是，过了一段时间，救他的人开始担心自己也会被卷入到谋杀案件中，所以他们杀了鲁肯。一个更有意思的看法是前侦探邓肯麦克劳克在他的书幸运者之死中谈到的。他确信鲁肯逃到了印度的果阿，在那里他换了个身份，假装这个人。鲁肯在果阿一直生活，直到1996年他去世。最终这个断言被证实是错误的。1996年去世的是真正的哈普林，他曾经是一个学校老师，后来做了嬉皮士。那么关于“幸运的”结果哪个是真的？dna鉴定破了很多谋杀案件，但是不知它能否把这个案件做个了结。1. the public are still interested in the investigation because _. 公众依然对调查有兴趣是因为a) of the terrible murder 这起可怕的谋杀b) of the use of new dna techniques 新dna技术的利用c) lord lucan has never been found 鲁肯伯爵从未被找到d) lord lucan was famous 鲁肯伯爵很有名2. it is thought that lucan killed the nanny because _. 有人认为鲁肯杀害了保姆是因为a) she was looking after the children 她在照顾孩子b) she was a friend of lucans 她是鲁肯的朋友c) it was dark and he thought she was lady lucan 当时光线暗他把她误认为是鲁肯夫人d) lord lucan thought the nanny stole his car 鲁肯伯爵认为保姆偷了他的车3. aspinall thought lucan killed himself by _. aspinall认为鲁肯自杀的方式是a) jumping into water 跳入水中b) jumping out of his house 从他的房子里跳出c) sailing his boat 划船d) sinking his boat 沉船4. lucan could have been killed because people _. 鲁肯可能已被杀了因为有人a) didnt want the police to catch him 不想警方抓到他b) thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught 认为他可能会向警方提到他们，一旦他被抓c) were unhappy with him 对他不满d) thought he was rich 认为他很有钱5. ex-detective maclaughlin claimed that mr barry haplin _. 前侦探maclaughlin认为barry haplin先生a) was an old schoolteacher 是个老教师b) died in goa, india 死于印度的goac) was really lord lucan in disguise 实际上是伪装的鲁肯伯爵d) was a merchant 是一个商人narrow escape（综合+）we had left the hut too late that morning. when we stepped outside, the sky beyond the mountains to our east was already livid with colour. it meant the day would be a hot one, and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice.as soon as we stepped out on to the face, it became obvious this was going to be an awkward route. the main problem was talus, the debris that collects on mountainsides. talus is despised by mountaineers for two reasons. first, because it can easily be pushed off on to you by people climbing above. and second, because it makes every step you take insecure.for about 30 minutes we moved steadily up the face. the rock was in poor condition. when i tried to haul myself up on a block of it, it would pull towards me, like a drawer opening. my hands became progressively wetter and colder. then came a shout. “cailloux ! cailloux !” i heard yelled from above, in a female voice. the words echoed down towards us. i looked up to see where they had come from.there were just two rocks at first, leaping and bounding down the face towards us, once cannoning off each other in mid-air. and then the air above suddenly seemed alive with falling rocks, humming through the air and filling it with noise. crack, went each one as it leapt off the rock face, then hum-humhum as it moved through the air, then crack again. the pause between the cracks lengthened each time, as the rocks jumped further and further. i continued to gaze up at the rocks as they fell and skipped towards me. a boy who had been a few years above me at school had taught me never to look up during a rockfall. “why? because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet”, he told us. “face in, always face in.”i heard toby, my partner on the mountain that day, shouting at me. i looked across, he was safe beneath an overhanging canopy of rock. i could not understand him. then i felt a thump, and was tugged backwards and round, as though somebody had clamped a heavy hand on my shoulder and turned me to face them. a rock had hit the lid of my rucksack.i looked up again. a rock was heading down straight towards me. instinctively, i leant backwards and arched my back out from the rock to try to protect my chest. what about my fingers, though, i thought: theyll be crushed flat if it hits them, and never get down. then i heard a crack directly in front of me, and a tug at my trousers, and a yell from toby. “are you all right? that went straight though you.” the rock had passed through the hoop of my body, between my legs, missing me but snatching at my clothing as it went.toby and i spent the evening talking through the events of the morning: what if the big final stone hadnt leapt sideways, what if id been knocked off, would you have held me, would i have pulled you off? a more experienced mountaineer would probably have thought nothing of it. i knew i would not forget it.九死一生那天早上我们离开露营的小屋已经很晚了。我们走到外面，东面笼罩在山上的天空是青灰色的。这意味着将会是很热的一天，温暖会使被冰紧裹的石头慢慢地松开。正当我们走在表面的时候，很明显它变成了一段很难走的路。主要的问题是斜坡，在山坡上有很多的碎石。斜坡被登山者反感的原因有两个。首先，爬在上面的人很容易摔下去。其次，它使你走的每一步都很危险。我们平稳前进了30分钟。岩石的状况很不好。当我们试图把自己拉上去，它就会滑向我们，像一个打开的抽屉。我的手逐渐出汗变得冰冷。突然有一声大喊“cailoux! cailoux!”我听到来自上面的一个女人的呼喊。声音成回声向下传向我们。我抬起头寻找它来的方向。最开始只有两块石头，弹跳着移向我们，在半空中撞击。而此时上方的空气也好像随着掉落的石头有了生命，巨大的噪声充斥在空气中。撞击声在石头表面，嗡嗡声游荡在空气中，之后又有了撞击声。每次撞击声之间都有一段时间的间隙，石头越跳越远。我一直盯着石头，感觉马上它就要到我这里来一样。在学校一个比我高几年级的男孩告诉过我，当石头掉下来时千万不要抬头。“为什么”？“因为石头砸在你的头盔上要远远好过砸在你的脸上。”他告诉我们。低头，永远低头。我听见那天和我一起登山的同伴toby在喊我。我看了过去，他在一个延伸的石头下面，已经安全了。我不能理解他。然后我感到了一阵重击，紧紧向后拉撤，像是有人使劲儿地用手夹住我的肩膀然后把我转向面对他的方向。一块石头砸在了我背包的盖子上。我再次抬起头。一块石头垂直地向我砸下来。本能地，我向后倾斜，拱起我的背，保护我的胸部。我的手指怎么办，我想，如果被砸上肯定会被砸扁，再也不能恢复。我听到了在我面前的一声巨响，有人使劲儿地拉我的裤子。toby大喊：“你还好吧，石头径直向你砸过来了。”石头在我双腿间擦身而过，虽然没有碰到我，但是刮到了我的衣服。toby和我用整晚的时间回味早上发生的一切：假如那块大石头没有从旁边滑过，如果我被撞到，你会扶住我吗？我会把你也刮倒吗？对于一个有丰富登山经验的人来说这也许没有什么，但我知道我永远不会忘记这件事。1. why was it “too late” by the time they left the hut in the morning? 为什么说他们早上离开营地时“太晚了”？a) it would be uncomfortable climbing in hot weather. 在炎热的天气里爬山很难受b) the livid colour of the sky would hurt their eyes. 天空的铅灰色会伤害他们的眼睛c) rocks loosened by melting ice could be dangerous. 融化的冰使得岩石变松会很危险d) they wouldnt be able to walk on the melting ice. 他们将不能在融化的冰上行走2. the first reason given to explain why mountaineers hate talus is _. 解释为何爬山者憎恶碎石堆所给出的第一个原因是a) that climbers above you might cause it to fall on you 你上方的爬山者会蹬落碎石砸中你b) that it allows people climbing above you to push off 它会让你上方的爬山者离开（push off）c) that it makes people climbing above you feel insecure 它会使得你上方的爬山者感觉不安全d) that it can cause other people to push you off the mountain 它会使得其他人把你从山上推下去3. what is likely to be the meaning of “cailloux” ? 什么可能是cailloux的意思？a) rocks are flying through the air. 岩石在空中飞b) rocks are falling. 岩石在滚落c) there are loose rocks on the ground ahead. 前方的地面上有疏松岩石d) there are rocks everywhere. 到处都有岩石4. what is sarcastic in the words of the boy in paragraph four? 第四段中的男孩的话的嘲讽性何在？a) he didnt keep his “face in”. 他没有一直“低下头”b) not every climber wears a helmet. 不是每个爬山者都戴头盔c) it is very difficult not to look up during a rockfall. 在岩石滚落时很难做到不抬头看d) being hit by a rock isnt “pleasant” at all. 被岩石砸中不“好受”5. in what sense was toby “safe” ? 在什么意义上说toby是安全的？a) the overhanging rock would protect him from falling rocks. 突出的岩石能保护他不被滚落的岩石的击中b) he felt a hand on his shoulder. 他感觉有手搭在他的肩膀上c) his rucksack was protected. 他的背包被保护好了d) he had hidden under a canopy. 他藏在一个遮挡物下面oseola macarty（综合*）late one sunday afternoon in september 1999, osecla macarty, an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life. it may seem like an ordinary end to a humble life, but there was something quite exceptional about this woman.in the summer of 1995, macarty gave $150,000, most of the money she had saved throughout her life, to the university of southern mississippi in her hometown. the money was to help other african americans through university. she had started her savings habit as a