法学理论论文可持续发展观下自然资源立法的完善.doc

可持续发展观下自然资源立法的完善 可持续发展观下自然资源立法的完善 perfecting the natural resource law of our country under the idea of sustainable development【中文摘要】 可持续发展理论提出后,在世界上引起了很大的反响。各国先后接受并深入探讨这一理论。同时,加大对环境资源问题的研究和环境资源立法的实践,将可持续发展理论作为本国环境资源立法的指导思想。我国法学界也掀起了研究的热潮。但是,因为学者们对环境与资源概念的理解不同,形成了对环境法与资源法之间归属关系、法律原则、法律制度设置的争议。理论上的争议制约了立法的进展,理顺我国现有的环境法与资源法的关系,进行环境法的修改和自然资源法的完善已经成为环境资源法学术界面临的艰巨而急迫的任务。本文就可持续发展观下我国自然资源立法的完善提出了自己的见解,共分四大部分。第一部分就可持续发展的产生和含义、自然资源的属性及可持续发展与自然资源的关系进行了归纳,认为自然资源立法与可持续发展之间有着很密切的关系,自然资源立法是实现可持续发展的强有力的保障;可持续发展在观念上对自然资源立法有着很重要的影响,有利于自然资源立法的进一步完善。本文第二部分,首先运用比较法学的基本原理,对国外资源保护典型国家,美国、日本、新西兰和法国等国家的自然资源保护立法的实践、特点进行了充分的阐述和深入的分析,在此基础上归纳出各国立法对我国自然资源立法的借鉴意义;其次,就我国古代自然资源立法的理论与实践及现阶段的自然资源立法的理论与实践作了详细地论述,指出我国学者对自然资源立法的不同看法,归纳出我国古代自然资源立法的现实意义。本文第三部分在第二部分的基础上指出了我国现有的自然资源立法存在的问题:一是立法的指导思想欠科学,二是没有统一的自然资源法的基本原则,三是我国自然资源法的体系还不完善,缺少一部自然资源基本法和部分单行法,四是我国现有的自然资源法律制度不健全,主要体现于没有统一的自然资源基本法律制度及现有的单行法中的法律制度的不完善。本文的第四部分就第三部分所指出的问题提出了具体的解决方案。认为,一、我国的自然资源立法应该以实现人与自然的和谐为目的,以可持续发展观作为指导思想;二、我国应该确立自然资源法的基本原则为:自然资源权属确定的国家控制原则、经济效益与生态效益兼顾的原则、最优利用原则、最佳技术适用原则、有偿使用原则、责任原则等;三、通过自然资源基本法、湿地法、海洋资源综合法的出台从体系上完善我国的自然资源法。四、我国的自然资源法的基本制度应该包括:自然资源产权制度、自然资源调查和档案制度、自然资源规划制度、自然资源开发利用的后果评价制度、自然资源许可证制度、自然资源有偿使用制度、自然资源生态效益补偿制度、自然资源价格制度、自然资源保护的公众参与制度、自然资源开发利用的责任制度等;我国现有的自然资源单行法所确立的自然资源法律制度的完善,应该从加强保护的力度和加大处罚的力度、重视生态系统保护的角度出发,就具体的自然资源产权制度、有偿使用制度、价格制度和核算制度等进行修改,使得现有的自然资源法律制度能够反映自然资源的基本规律,并适应市场经济发展的需要。本文的最后是结论,就前四部分的论述予以总结,得出关于我国自然资源立法的基本观点:自然资源的属性和生态规律,是我国自然资源立法的客观依据;自然资源的多样性和生态系统的复杂性,是我国资源立法的国情依据。可持续发展理论是自然资源规律性的反映,也是经济发展和现实需要的反映。以可持续发展理论为指导思想完善我国的自然资源立法,就是要针对我国现有的自然资源立法中存在的问题,提出相应的完善方案。【英文摘要】 after proposed,the sustainable development theory has caused the very big echo in the world.the various countries successively accept the sustainable development,and thoroughly discuss the theory.at the same time,take the sustainable development theory into their environment and resources legislation as its guiding ideology.the field of law in our country has also raised the research upsurge.but,because the scholars understanding are different between the concept of environment and that of the resources,which has formed the dispute between the environment law and the resources law in belongs to relational,in the principle of legality,and in the establishment of legal system.the dispute has restricted the progress of the legislation.it becomes an arduous and urgent duty of academia that straightens out relations of the environment law and the resources law,and that carries on the revision of the environment law and the consummation of the natural resource law.the article points out the view of mine about the consummation of our country natural resource legislation under the sustainable development,and is divided into four parts.the first part sums up the production and the meaning of sustainable development,the tribute of natural resource and the relations of the sustainable development and the natural resource,thinks that it has very close relationship between the natural resource legislation and the sustainable development,and the natural resource legislation is the powerful safeguard of the sustainable development.the sustainable development has very important influence to the natural resource legislation,and is advantageous to the further consummation of the natural resource legislation.the second part firstly analyses the practice on natural resource protection of the typical resources conservation country as us,japan, new zealand,france,and induces the model significance of the various countries resource legislation to our country.then analyses the natural resource legislation theory and the practice of the ancient times and that of the present,points out the different view of our country scholar to the natural resource legislation,induces the significance of the natural resource legislation practical in our country ancient times.the third part has pointed out the question of natural resource legislation in our country: first,the legislation guiding ideology owes the science;second,my country has not the basic principle;third,the law system needs to be perfect,and lacks a fundamental law and the partial specific one;forth, the existing natural resource law system needs to be perfect.the fifth part pointed out the solution of the question that proposed in the fourth part.believed that,first,our country natural resource legislation should take the harmony between the person and the natural as the goal,takes the guiding ideology by sustainable development view; second,our country should establish the basic principle of the natural resource law;third,consummates our country from the system fourth, the basic system of our country natural resource law should include: property right system,investigation and filing system,and so on;the consummation of our country natural resource single line law,should strengthen the protection dynamics and enlarges the punishment dynamics,and take the ecosystem protection angle to embark,carry on the revision of the paid use system,the price system and the calculation system and so on,enables the existing natural resource law system to be able to reflect the natural resource the basic rule,and meets the need of market economy to develop.the last is a conclusion,obtains the basic idea of our country natural resource legislation:the attribute and natural rule of the resource,are the objective basis of our country natural resource legislation;the natural resource multiplicity and the ecosystem complexity,is condition basis of our country resources legislation national.the sustainable development theory is response to the natural resource regular,also is the needs of the reality.consummates our country and takes the sustainable development theory as the guiding ideology of the natural resource legislation,must aim at the question of natural resource legislation in our country,point out the perfect plan.【中文关键词】 自然资源立法; 可持续发展; 立法完善; 自然资源法律体系 【英文关键词】 natural resource legislate; sustainable development; legislation consummation ; natural resource law system 【论文目录】摘要 6-8 abstract 8-10 目录 11-13 引言 13-15 1 可持续发展与自然资源的概述 15-23 1.1 可持续发展的由来与含义 15-19 1.2 自然资源概念的界定及其属性 19-20 1.3 可持续发展与自然资源立法的关系 20-23 2 国内外自然资源立法的理论与实践 23-35 2.1 国外自然资源立法的实践 23-27 2.1.1 美国自然资源立法的实践 23-24 2.1.2 日本自然资源立法的实践 24-25 2.1.3 新西兰自然资源立法的实践 25 2.1.4 法国的自然资源立法的实践 25-26 2.1.5 比较分析 26-27 2.2 国内自然资源立法的理论和实践 27-