翻译学毕业论文.doc

南京大学2006年度本科优秀毕业论文（设计）一等奖（2002级外国语学院唯一一篇获全校一等奖的学士论文） a critical analysis of the translations of public signs in nanjing byzhang yanping under the supervision ofprofessor ke ping submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the degree of bachelor of arts department of englishschool of foreign studiesnanjing universitymay 30, 2006 acknowledgement upon the accomplishment of this thesis, i would like to convey my sincere gratitude to professor ke ping, my supervisor, without whose help and support this thesis would nothave been impossible to be completed and presented in its present form. his instructions and suggestions guideddirectedme in planning and implementing thisto keep on my study in a methodicalrewarding way. his earnestness in academic research inspired me and motivated me to carry outpersist in my study despite the physically and mentally demanding field work involved in the study. moreoversurvey. besides, his strictness regard toin details promptedencouraged me to refine myrevise this thesis relentlessly in terms of itslanguage and formatand improve my command of english. my thanks also go to professor he chengzhou, who supported me from the very beginning to take up the present topic of study, though itse initial approval of my research subject matter encouraged me to go through my investigation on the spot, which called for tonspiles of work. in addition, he was kind enough to keep giving me a push in his class, which helped me tobring this thesis projectmy study to a desirable end. besides, i want to give my thanks to my classmate and researchpartner, li xiaosa, for the efforts sheever madetogether with me to collect all thevaluable translation samples needed for the study fromin the public places in nanjing. finally, i wish to thank my parents, whosefrom the bottom of my heart. theirenormous love and support have accompanied me throughout my four years study at nanjinguniversity. without themircare, i could have gone nowhere. 摘要 本研究文的目的在于揭示公共标识语汉英翻译中应遵守的原则和所采取的翻译方法和策略技巧，以使公共标识语的译文遵从目标语同类可比文本的规范，获得目标语读者和观众的认同，实现达到其信息传递和呼唤吁大众的实际功能。 本研究文主要以纽马克的翻译教程（2001）为理论基础。纽马克认为不同的文体文本翻译应采取不同的翻译方法。他将文本分成三种类型:表达型、信息型和呼唤吁型；表达型文本适用语义翻译，信息型和呼唤吁型文本适用交际翻译。鉴于公共标识主要向公众传递信息和发出呼唤吁的功能,作者认为公共标识语的翻译宜采用交际翻译。 本研究是通过语料研究和问卷调查进行的，研究方法为定性分析。研究作者实地调查了南京公共场所的双语标识牌，收集大量实例，分门别类地分析了翻译中存在的问题；并选择部分有代表性的标识语翻译收入问卷,邀请母语为英语的人士回答了问卷。 调查发现南京现有公共标识语的翻译多采用直译而忽略交际翻译,导致了很多语用失误之处。在语料研究的基础上,作者发现列举了一些最为常见的错误类型，如词语的误用、语法错误、译法不统一致、译文冗长累赘、不忠实原文等等。 针对以上此现状,研究本文作者探讨了在公共标识语汉英翻译中为达到交际效果译者而须宜采用取的翻译策略技巧，如解释性翻译、增译、减译(或不译)和改译等，并四种技巧，继而提出公共标识语翻译应遵守准确性、经济性和忠实性的主要原则，即准确性、经济性和忠实性。本研究发现：为了取得预期的达到交际效果，公共标识语的译文还应遵从目标语同类可比文本的规范，即字数较少、选使用常见用词语和简单的句子结构简单。 本研究虽然本研究存在一些缺陷和不足，但其本研究的发现在实践和理论方面都有一定的意义。在实践方面，它针对公共标识语的翻译现状提出了可操作性强的翻译策略与方法和技巧；在理论上，本文说明了翻译研究并非只能用已有的翻译理论来解决翻译问题，而是需要把已有的翻译理论和其他学科的研究理论（如语料库语言学和语用学）相结合,从而更有效地解决翻译中面临的实际问题。 abstract the purpose of this research is to find out thesome main principles governing, andtranslation strategies andmethods workable inand skills to guidechinese-english (c-e) translation of public signs so that the informative and vocative functions of such texts can be fulfilled. the theoretical basis of this thesis came from a textbook of translation, written by newmark (2001). newmark points out three main functions of language, namely the expressive, informative and vocative functions, and argues that informative and vocative texts should be communicatively translated.considering that the chief functions ofpublic signs arein the light of theinformative and vocativefunctions of public signs, the study concluded that thecommunicative translation approachshould be adoptedapplied in translatingsuch texts. this research was based on fieldcorpus study and surveys, and involved used comparable corpus andqualitative analysis. the author investigated many bilingual public signs in nanjing, collected a number of them as samples andcritically analyzed the mainexisting problems identified inof these translations. besides, ten translations of public signs were selected and transcribed in aforthe questionnaire, which was administered to a group of native english speakers (including a linguistics professor) totest their communicative effect.some native english speakers, including a linguistics professor, were asked to respond to the questionnaire. the study found outthat translators of public signs are inclined to translate adoptliterally andtranslation while neglect theing communicative function of the originaltranslation. on the basis of corpus study, the thesis discovered some most common types of translationmistake, includingnamely, misuse of words, grammatical mistakes, inconsistency in referring to the same object, wordy translations and unfaithful translations, and came up with four translation strategies that are advised to be adopted by the translator to avoid these mistakesskills, namely, paraphrase, amplification, reduction (or zero translation) and adaptation. the thesis,and concludesd that accuracy, economy and faithfulness should be the main principles to be followed in the c-e translation of public signs. theis research also foundout that in order to achieve communicative effect, the translation of public signs should conformadaptto suchthe conventions of english public signs, such as shortness in length, plainness in vocabulary and simplicity in sentence structure. despite itssomelimitations, the present research is significant in that it yields some importantthefindings regarding the problems existing in thec-e translation of public signs in nanjing and offers some feasible solutions to these problems.of this are practically significant in that they provide workable translation methods and skills for c-e translation of public signs so that some translation problems can be solved more effectively. table of contents acknowledgement摘要 abstractchapter one introduction.1.1 literature review.1.1.1 basic concepts.(1) public signs.(2) language functions.(3) translation methods.1.1.2 rationale for the research.1.1.3 previous researches.theoretical study.c-e translation of public signs.1.2 research purpose.1.3 organization of the thesis.chapter two methodology.2.1 samples.2.2 instrument2.3 sampling.chapter three results and discussions.3.1 a critical analysis of the problems in translations of public signs.3.1.1 inaccurate translations.(1) misuse of words and grammatica