高一政治必修一市场配置资源.pptVIP

1、合理配置资源的必要性： 资源的有限性和人们需求的无限性 之间的矛盾 2、资源配置的基本方式 计划 市场 3、市场经济： 市场在资源配置中起 基础性（决定性）作用的经济。 一、市场调节 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 供不应求供不应求价格上涨价格上涨获利增加获利增加 扩大生产扩大生产 资源流入资源流入 供过于求供过于求 价格下降价格下降获利减少获利减少 缩小生产缩小生产资源退出 资源退出 资资 源源 配配 置置 市市场配置资源的方式场配置资源的方式 - - “ “看不见的手看不见的手” ” 谁在指挥人、财、物在全社会的配置？ 价值规律-无形手，市场主要通过价格、供求、竞 争等来调节人、财、物在全社会的配置。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 市场通过价格涨落比 较及时、准确、灵活 地反映供求关系的变 化,传递供求信息，实 现资源配置 人、财、物在全 社会的配置 生产经营者面对市场 竞争，调整生产经营 活动，提高劳动生产 率，推动科技和管理 进步 资源有效利用 调节 促进 有效利用资源 - “鞭子” 4、市场调节的优点（课本79页） 合理配置资源 - “棒子”Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 良好的市场秩序依赖市场规则来维护。 1、规范市场秩序的意义 只有具备公平、公正的市场秩序，形成统一开放竞争 有序的现代市场体系，市场才能合理配置资源，市场经济 才能健康、有序发展。 2、市场规则与市场秩序的关系 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3、市场规则的内容和形式 市场准入规则 市场竞争规则 市场交易规则 法律法规、 行业规范、 市场道德规范 自愿、平等、公平、诚实信用 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 4、建立社会信用制度 诚信是现代市场经济正常运行的必要条件 。 形成以道德为支撑，法律为保障的社会 信用制度，是规范市场秩序的治本之策 。 切实加强社会信用建设，建立健全社会 信用体系，尤其是加快建立信用监督和失 信惩戒制度。 重要性 诚信缺失会导致市场混乱，进而导致投 资不足、交易萎缩、经济衰退。 措施 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 建立社会信用制度-规范市场秩序的治本之策 为什么 A、市 场：市场正常运行必不可少的条件。 B、企 业：企业发展成败的重要因素。 怎么办 国家：国家：大力建立健全社会信用体系，尤其要加快建立信用 监督制度和失信惩戒制度。 企业与个人：企业与个人：学法、懂法、守法、用法。 树立诚信观念，遵守市场道德。 道德(支撑) + 法律(保障) 5、如何维护市场秩序 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 是不是市场秩序好了，市场配置资源就 完美无缺呢？ 情 境 模拟 假设你所经营的牛奶厂着 火了，现在你要连线119消防 服务公司 HELPHELP ! ! 给多少？ Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. （三）市场调节的局限性 1、市场调节不是万能的 有些行业和领域市场不能调节： 如：国防、治安、消防等公共物品的供给 基础设施和大型工程建设 有些部门和领域不让市场调节： 如：枪支、弹药、麻醉品等 思考：市场可以而且能够起作用的领域， 市场是否具有弊端 呢？ Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 市场调节存在固有的弊端： 自发性 原因：价值规律的自发调节 后果：产生不正当的经济行为； 易引起收入差距的扩大。 盲目性 原因：分散经营 后果：造成经济波动和资源浪费 滞后性 原因：市场调节是事后调节 后果：导致经济波动和资源浪费 因此，如果仅由市场调节，将不利于经济和社会的健 康发展。 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 甜苹果变成“伤心果”是偶然的吗? 自发性 盲目性 滞后性 在高价格、高收益的吸引下， 不少地区 的果农大种特种苹果树。 几年之后，苹果产量猛增，市场容量是有 限的，因而价格 一跌再跌，有的果农把 苹果树砍倒晒干当柴烧，果农损失惨重。 但是，他们并不知道当时全国苹果的产量 是多少，市场容量有多少，只是盲目地扩 大种植。 如何辨别？ Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 自发性 盲目性 滞后性 2013年假羊肉、毒校服、人造鱼 翅等事件 海盐秦山农户种包心菜老是“赶 不上趟”，发出感叹：“为什么受 伤的总是我们？” 羊群效应：领头羊（某一企业） 到哪里“吃草”，其他羊（其他企 业）也去“淘金”。 为了迎合消费者的口感，海盐某 企业把大量食品添加剂应用于食 品生产。 市场调节的固有弊端 Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only.Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Created with Aspose.Sli