世纪大学英语第三册5-7单元语言点.ppt

as American as apple pieas American as apple pie typically American typically American Since Since apple apple piepie is is a a common common dessert dessert in in the the U.S.A, U.S.A, this this comparison comparison emphasizes emphasizes that that Lisa, Lisa, the the writers writers wife, is a typical American.wife, is a typical American. stand forstand for represent; mean represent; mean e.g.e.g. The olive branch The olive branch stands forstands for peace. peace. The The abbreviation abbreviation NSPCC NSPCC stands stands forfor National Society National Society for for the the Prevention Prevention of of Cruelty to Children.Cruelty to Children. ambitionambition n n. . strong strong desire desire for for success, success, power, power, money, etc.money, etc. That politician is full of That politician is full of ambitionambition. . Too Too much much ambitionambition caused caused John John to to act selfishlyact selfishly. . adj. ambitious adj. ambitious afterafter prep.prep. in search of; with a desire for in search of; with a desire for e.g.e.g. Im Im afterafter a tie to go with this shirt. a tie to go with this shirt. Im sure shes Im sure shes afterafter my husband. my husband. catch oncatch on 1. become popular 1. become popular 流行起来流行起来 2. understand 2. understand 懂得懂得, , 理解理解 e.g.e.g. Will Will helicopters helicopters ever ever catch catch onon as as a a common mode of transport?common mode of transport? The The best best thing thing about about this this new new worker worker is is that he that he catches oncatches on very fast very fast. . Key:Key: That new song That new song caught oncaught on quickly. quickly. Translation:Translation: 那首新歌很快流行了起来那首新歌很快流行了起来. . credit profilecredit profile ( (信用信用记录记录记录记录 ) ) a a short short description description of of a a persons persons reputation in money mattersreputation in money matters More to learnMore to learn I was refused a VISA card on the grounds that I I was refused a VISA card on the grounds that I didnt have a didnt have a credit profilecredit profile. . e.g.e.g. His His request request was was disallowed disallowed on on the the grounds thatgrounds that he he was was not not a a full full member of the club.member of the club. He He was was always always declining declining their their invitations invitations on the on the grounds grounds ofof ill ill health.health. ParaphraseParaphrase ? ? KeyKey I failed to get a VISA card because I I failed to get a VISA card because I didnt have anything in the written didnt have anything in the written form to prove my credit. form to prove my credit. I was refused a VISA card I was refused a VISA card on the groundson the grounds that I that I didnt have a credit profile. didnt have a credit profile. on the grounds thaton the grounds that because 根据, 以为理由 dealerdealer n n. . a a person person whose whose business business involves involves buying buying and and selling selling 商人；证券经纪人商人；证券经纪人 CompareCompare: : dealer dealer andand businessmanbusinessman Both Both a a dealerdealer and and a a businessmanbusinessman are are people people doing doing business, business, but but a a dealerdealer is is a a trader trader who who handles handles a a certain certain type type of of goods goods and and has has a a specialized specialized knowledge knowledge of of these these goods, goods, while while a a businessmanbusinessman is is a a person person who who not not only only works works in in business, business, but but also also is is the manager of a company.the manager of a company. Examples:Examples: a used-car dealera used-car dealer a dealer in antiquea dealer in antique（古董古董）furniturefurniture He was a successful businessman He was a successful businessman before becoming a writer.before becoming a writer. the the French French visitors visitors cheeredcheered at at the the sight sight of of body-body- consciousconscious Americans Americans bending, bending, stretching stretching and and leaping aroundleaping around at the sight ofat the sight of as as soon soon as as seeing seeing (sth. (sth. or or sb.) sb.) 一一见见见见之下之下; ; 立即立即 e.g.e.g. Jane fainted Jane fainted at the sight ofat the sight of blood. blood. The The child child laughed laughed at at the the sight sight ofof the the clockwork toy.clockwork toy. More to learnMore to learn the the French French visitors visitors cheeredcheered at at the the sight sight ofof body-body- conscious conscious Americans Americans bending, bending, stretching stretching and and leaping aroundleaping around （注重（注重） The The combining combining form form consciousconscious is is used used to to combine combine with with words words such such as as “safety”, “safety”, “energy”, “energy”, “weight”, “figure”, “health”, “weight”, “figure”, “health”, - - thinks thinks this this particular particular aspect aspect of of a a situation situation is is important, and is aware of or worried about it.important, and is aware of or worried about it. We We have have to to be be very very safety-conscioussafety-conscious with with this sort of machine.this sort of machine. He He is is so so weight-consciousweight-conscious Ive Ive never never seen anyone so seen anyone so careful careful about about what what they they eat.eat. obsession:obsession: possession:possession: succession:succession: e.g.e.g. 1. 1. Taylors Taylors fascination fascination with with bees bees developed developed into into an an _._. 2. Hankins has won the tournament five times in _.2. Hankins has won the tournament five times in _. 3. 3. Their Their family family home home and and _ _ were were destroyed destroyed in in the the fire.fire. Key: Key: obsessionobsession； successionsuccession ; ; possessions possessions 困扰，着迷困扰，着迷 所有物所有物 连续；接替，继任连续；接替，继任 addictiveaddictive a. causing a person to be so used to a. causing a person to be so used to sthsth. that the person . that the person cannot stop using itcannot stop using it e.g.e.g. CocaineCocaine（可卡因）可卡因）and and nicotinenicotine（尼古丁）尼古丁）are are addictiveaddictive substancessubstances. . The problem with PC games is that they are The problem with PC games is that they are addictiveaddictive. . be in charge ofbe in charge of be responsible forbe responsible for e.g.e.g. Mr. Smith isMr. Smith is in charge ofin charge of this project.this project. Who Who will will be be in in charge charge ofof the the department department when David leaves?when David leaves? Americans Americans have have policies policies to to cover cover every every possible possible risk, risk, no no matter how remote. matter how remote. policy n. a document which shows the agreement one has made with an insurance company remote a. (of a possibility, etc) very unlikely to happen; slight Translate into ChineseTranslate into Chinese ? ? KeyKey 美国人对每一种可能的风险都买保险，无论那种风险多美国人对每一种可能的风险都买保险，无论那种风险多 么微小。么微小。 the yellow the yellow lineline at immigration control at immigration control the the line line marked marked in in yellow yellow at at international international airports airports in in the the U.S.A. U.S.A. for for people people to to stand stand along along and and have have their their passports checked by immigration officerspassports checked by immigration officers Note Note that that the the word word lineline in in the the sentence sentence is is used used in in two two different different meanings. meanings. Here Here it it is is a a long, long, thin thin mark mark drawn drawn or or painted painted on on a a surface, surface, but but in in “ “American American lineslines” ” it it means means a a queue, queue, or or a a number number of of people people standing standing one one behind another forming a continuous row.behind another forming a continuous row. More to learnMore to learn Key: migration; immigration; emigrationKey: migration; immigration; emigration Compare:Compare: migration, emigration migration, emigration andand immigration immigration MigrationMigration refers refers to to the the movement movement of of numbers numbers of of people people or or creatures creatures from from place place to to placeplace，emigrationemigration means means leaving leaving ones ones country country to to live live in in another, another, while while immigrationimmigration is is the the process process of of coming coming into into a a new new country country to live.to live. e.g.e.g. 1. The biologist studied the route of the birds1. The biologist studied the route of the birds _. . 2. There are strict limits on _ into the country.2. There are strict limits on _ into the country. 3. 3. The The persecuted persecuted ( (受迫害的受迫害的) ) family family looked looked forward forward to to _._. no one shows it offno one shows it off show offshow off try try to to impress impress people people and and make make them them admire admire your your ability, ability, achievements, or possessionsachievements, or possessions show show sthsth. off. off show show sthsth. . to to a a lot lot of of people people because because you you are are very very proud proud of of it it e.g.e.g. Pay no attention to Susan shes just Pay no attention to Susan shes just showing offshowing off. . Peter was keen to Peter was keen to show offshow off his new car. his new car. assumptionassumption n. n.1. 1. sthsth. that is taken as true without proof . that is taken as true without proof 假定；臆断假定；臆断 2. the taking (of power or responsibility) 2. the taking (of power or responsibility) 夺取；篡夺夺取；篡夺 e.g.e.g. People People often often make make assumptionsassumptions that that turn turn out out to to be be false.false. My My assumptionassumption was was that that you you would would remember remember the the appointment, so I didnt remind you.appointment, so I didnt remind you. The The rebels rebels sudden sudden assumptionassumption of of power power shocked shocked the the whole nation.whole nation. assumption:assumption: resumption: resumption: presumption:presumption: 1.We have heard the _ of underground nuclear1.We have heard the _ of underground nuclear testing. testing. 2. My 2. My _ was that you would remember the was that you would remember the appointment, so I didnt remind you. appointment, so I didnt remind you. 3. That is just the _ of innocence.3. That is just the _ of innocence. Key: resumption; assumption; presumptionKey: resumption; assumption; presumption 假定；臆断假定；臆断; ; 夺取；篡夺夺取；篡夺 重新开始重新开始 假定，推测；冒昧，自以为是；法律（无证据假定，推测；冒昧，自以为是；法律（无证据 的）推定，认定的）推定，认定 bring upbring up nurture and educate (a child) nurture and educate (a child) 养育养育; ; 教育教育 e.g.e.g. When When their their parents parents died, died, an an aunt aunt brought brought themthem up up. . David David was was brought brought upup to to respect respect teachers.teachers. Ever Ever since since arriving arriving in in Washington, Washington, weve weve been been hurrying hurrying to to take take advantage advantage ofof this this weeks weeks unrepeatable unrepeatable offer, offer, only only to to discover discover that its usually repeated next week that its usually repeated next week take advantage oftake advantage of make use of; profit from make use of; profit from 利用利用 More to learnMore to learn e.g.e.g. You should You should take advantage oftake advantage of the low prices and buy. the low prices and buy. The The governments governments complicated complicated tax tax rules rules take take advantage ofadvantage of the people who dont understand them. the people who dont understand them. Translate into ChineseTranslate into Chinese ? ? only to do only to do sthsth. . to do to do sthsth. as a disappointing or surprising result. as a disappointing or surprising result KeyKey 自从到达华盛顿以后，我们总是急匆匆地赶去享受本自从到达华盛顿以后，我们总是急匆匆地赶去享受本 周的一次性削价优惠，结果却发现下周又会出现这种周的一次性削价优惠，结果却发现下周又会出现这种 优惠。优惠。 Ever Ever since since arriving arriving in in Washington, Washington, weve weve been been hurrying hurrying to to take take advantage advantage of of this this weeks weeks unrepeatable unrepeatable offer, offer, only only to to discoverdiscover that its usually repeated next week that its usually repeated next week e.g.e.g. Scott Scott arrived arrived at at the the South South Pole Pole only only to to findfind that that Amundsen had got there before him.Amundsen had got there before him. More to doMore to do only to do only to do sthsth. . More to doMore to do Rewrite Rewrite each each of of the the following following sentences, sentences, using using an an “ “only only + + to to infinitiveinfinitive” clause. ” clause. (Ex. X)(Ex. X) 1. 1. After After driving driving all all night night we we got got to to Amys Amys place, place, and and then then we we unexpectedly unexpectedly discovered discovered that that she she was was away away for the weekend.for the weekend. We drove all night to get to Amys place, We drove all night to get to Amys place, only to only to discoverdiscover that she was away for the weekend. that she was away for the weekend. only to do only to do sthsth. . More to doMore to do Rewrite Rewrite each each of of the the following following sentences, sentences, using using an an “ “only only + + to to infinitiveinfinitive” clause. ” clause. (Ex. X)(Ex. X) 2. 2. He He spent spent ages ages negotiating negotiating for for a a pay pay increase, increase, and and then then he he unexpectedly unexpectedly resigned resigned from from his his job job soon soon after after hed received it.hed received it. He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase, He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase, only only to resignto resign from his job soon after hed received it. from his job soon after hed received it. only to do only to do sthsth. . More to doMore to do Rewrite Rewrite each each of of the the following following sentences, sentences, using using an an “ “only only + + to to infinitiveinfinitive” clause. ” clause. (Ex. X)(Ex. X) 3. 3. He He spent spent four four years years getting getting a a degree, degree, and and then then he he was was surprised surprised to to learn learn that that there there were were no no jobs jobs for for graduates.graduates. He He spent spent for for years years getting getting a a degree, degree, only only to to learnlearn that there were no jobs for graduates.that there were no jobs for graduates. Only to Only if If only in agreement within agreement with 同意，赞同同意，赞同 e.g.e.g. The The business business partners partners were were never never in in agreement agreement withwith each other about marketing strategies.each other about marketing strategies. As to this matter, Im As to this matter, Im inin complete complete agreement withagreement with you. you. The The European European counterpart counterpart remains remains a a pale pale shadow shadow ofof the all-American original.the all-American original. be a (pale) shadow ofbe a (pale) shadow of be less powerful or influential or effective than More to learnMore to learn e.g.e.g. The new minister The new minister is a pale shadow ofis a pale shadow of his his predecessor.predecessor. She She used used to to be be a a great great player, player, but but now now sheshes s only only a a shadow ofshadow of her former self. her former self. originaloriginal n./adjn./adj. .a thing from which another is copied, a thing from which another is copied, imitated or imitated or translated translated ParapraseParaprase ? ? KeyKey The The European European yuppies yuppies are are much much less less impressive impressive than than the typical yuppies of America where they originated. the typical yuppies of America where they originated. The The European European counterpart counterpart remains remains a a pale pale shadow shadow of of the all-American the all-American originaloriginal. . e.g.e.g. The The original original of this painting is in Rome.of this painting is in Rome. I shall keep the I shall keep the originaloriginal of this report. You can of this report. You can have have a photocopy if you want.a photocopy if you want. 1. go out of control be no longer under control (失去控制) eg: 这台计算机失去了控制。 This computer went out of control. 反义：in control 2. smash into hit forcefully against 猛地撞在 The car smashed into a tree. Painful: (para. 5) adj. causing an upsetting or unpleasant feeling; causing a feeling of discomfort in a particular part of the body eg. a painful finger 疼痛的手指 a long and painful illness 长久而痛苦的疾病 a painful life 艰辛的生活 intention intentionally unintentionally by chance by accident comment on 评论、谈论，对提意见 eg. Everyone commented on her new hat. comment upon sth. injure vt. to do an injustice to 伤害（感情 等），损害 Make differences among these three words: injure, damage, harm Will this cleaning fluid _the furniture? I hope I dont _ her feeling. The scandal seriously _ the senators reputation. harm; injure; damageharm; injure; damage injure:用来说明那些对健康、外表、荣誉等造成相反结果 的行为 eg. I hope I dont injure her feeling. harm 与hurt 主要指那些带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害的 Will this cleaning fluid harm the furniture? damage 通常指使有价值、有用性和有效性减少的损害 The scandal seriously damaged the senators reputation. spoil 是损坏和彻底摧毁价值、优点和力量 Worrying about business spoiled our evening. revenge v. 为报仇 Hamlet revenged his dead father. be revenged on sb. (revenge oneself on sb.) 向某人报仇 give sb. his revenge 给某人雪耻的机会 revenge oneself on sb. for sth. 因某事为自己 向某人报仇 make a differencebe important to; have an effect on 有影响，起作用 eg. 你的支持将大大推动我们计划的实施。 Your support ca